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A summary of previous studies re the amount & time of children's viewing of TV & listening to radio. Little consensus of opinion was found in these various studies & a new study was undertaken to determine the amount of time spent viewing & listening by children aged 18 or under, the relation of age, sex, SES, & period of set ownership, what hours children view TV & how this affects their normal bedtime, & how the amount of viewing is with amount of listening for children in TV-radio homes. The sample pop consisted of all households within Lansing, Mich (N=100,000). Results pointed out the powerful appeal of television as a medium. However, other appeals, interests, & obligations of the children were strong enough so that there were never more than 15% of the children in any age group viewing TV at a given time. Ages 4-12 form an audience exclusively for TV. After age 12 a portion of the time is devoted to radio listening. But it is only after children become adults that they form an overlapping audience, in which heavy viewers listen more & light viewers listen less. I. Taviss.

Historically, emphasis has been placed on developing verbal skills toward the goal of improving communication. Success, however, has been limited because this emphasis has been misplaced.The burden of effective communication rests upon the listener and is dependent upon his ability to perceive and interpret not only the verbal but principally the non‐verbal forms of expression. It is virtually impossible to understand and help a person without the ability to understand the total communication pattern. The communicant must also be aware that what has a certain significance to one person has an entirely different meaning to another.