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Political but Non-party In recent years, involvement has become almost the main topic of literary life; this is due largely to the fact that, firstly, there has emerged a group of authors who manifest not only their political views, but also their obligations; secondly due to the fact that some critics appeal for a "political turnaround" in literature and thirdly, due to the popularization of the thought of several world philosophers, with Jacques Rancier at the helm, who try to extract the political out of the aesthetic, and fourthly, as a consequence of the reactivation of old languages – Marxist one on the left side and conservative-identity one on the right. The resistance which these tendencies have aroused in some milieus is associated with the conviction that the discovery of the political possibilities of literature and its interpretation leads (or will lead) to its literariness, utilitarization, subordination to the languages that dominate on the public scene. The author of the article shares the above fears; he is of the opinion that literature should rather be an instrument for undermining instruments, pragmatism and sociologism by means of a language that does not belong to the territory of defined discourse; whereas the most interesting aspect of its political nature consists in its ability to resist politics.

Próba odwrócenia politycznej "życiowej treści" powieści Śnieg (tur. Kar) tureckiego noblisty Orhana Pamuka z artystycznej abstrakcji do rzeczywistości. ; The article describes the hidden political content of the novel Snow (in Turkish: Kar) written by the Nobel winner Orhan Pamuk. Snow is analyzed in terms of tensions between artistic abstraction and realism.

Dubravka Ugrešić defines herself as a transnational writer. Her political, geographic and cultural dislocation constitute the main themes of her prose works written in the last decade of the twentieth century. In the subsequent decade, Ugrešić's essays took on additional themes relating to the European literary market. The author follows reading fashions and examines the shape and function of publications defined as European or world bestsellers. As a writer and scholar she is drawn to the concept of the transcultural, whose distinguishing characteristic she finds to be the experience of a new and faster mode of transfer of information and goods. The poetics of the work, however, will not be disturbed or changed. Similarly, the hierarchy established by the history and criticism of literature, setting the boundaries of culture and referred to with irony by Ugrešić in her reading of bestsellers, remains intact. This author-reader who seeks to understand her fellow readers often changes the paradigm she uses to describe culture. In her examination of the relations between author, work, and receiver, she delineates an emerging karaoke culture. It cannot, however, be designated as a transnational literature or culture. The literature created by Ugrešić eludes definition in a similar way. Analyses conducted in the text demonstrate that with regard to Ugrešić's work, the term "from outside" would function as a more correct label than the prefix "trans." It should be understood, however, as defining the condition of the writer more than of her work. The label "from outside" appears adequate for defining the place from which she observes and writes, not for the form of her literary output. ; Dubravka Ugrešić określa się jako pisarka transnarodowa. Jej polityczna, geograficzna i kulturowa dyslokacja stała się głównym tematem tekstów prozatorskich, które pisała w ostatnim dziesięcioleciu XX wieku. W kolejnej dekadzie tematem esejów Ugrešić stały się również kwestie związane z rynkiem literatury europejskiej. Autorka śledzi czytelnicze mody, przygląda się też kształtowi i funkcji publikacji określanych jako europejskie lub światowe bestsellery. Jako pisarka i badaczka literatury pochyla nad pojęciem transkultury. Jej wyznacznikiem uczyni doświadczanie nowego, szybszego sposobu przepływu informacji i towarów. Poetyka dzieła nie zostanie jednak naruszona/zmieniona. Podobnie jak historyczno- i krytycznoliteracka hierarchia ustanawiająca ramy kultury i w ironiczny sposób wartościująca kolejne lektury Ugrešić. Autorka-czytelniczka, która chce zrozumieć innych czytelników wielokrotnie zmieni paradygmat opisywanej przez siebie kultury. Rozpatrując relacje między autorem, dziełem i odbiorcą, ustali kulturę karaoke. Tej nie da się jednak oznaczyć jako literatura/kultura transnarodowa. W ten sam sposób nie można też określić literatury tworzonej przez Ugrešić. Rozpoznania poczynione w tekście pokazują, że w przypadku twórczości Ugrešić zamiast prefiksu «trans powinno się używać określenia «spoza». To zaś odnieść należy do kondycji pisarki. Kwalifikacja «spoza» wydaje się adekwatna dla określenia miejsca, z którego obserwuje i pisze autorka, nie dla formy jej literackiego dorobku.