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In 'Anarchy, State and Utopia' (1974), Robert Nozick defends a minimal State that should not redistributes property once distributed by the individuals themselves. Nozick relies on the John Locke's state of nature idea from his work 'Second Treatise of Government' (1689), using, also, Locke's way to explain the private property. Locke's explanation of the origins of the private property is based on the idea of labor because Locke needed to overcome a criticism that Robert Filmer directed to Hugo Grotius a few years before. Grotius said that there was, originally, a common right to the goods and defended that private property rises from a contract among all individuals. Filmer attacks the idea that a contract has split common property into smaller pieces because this contract could not be signed by all mankind in the same time. Just like Grotuis, Locke thought that private property came up from common property, but he needed overcome Filmer's objection directed to Grotius. Thus, the idea of labor rises like foundation of private property, since labor legitimates it, instead of the contract. Despite a large analysis about Locke's theory of acquisition, where Nozick even discusses the role of labor in the emergence of private property, Nozick affirms that Locke thought original property unowned when, in fact, for Locke it was a common property for all people. The purpose of present paper is list and evaluate some of possible consequences of this small misinterpretation.

The "place" of liberalism in Brazil of the 19th century had been the subject of major debates in the Social Sciences. Thus, we aim to map this debate and provide a summary of these positions. To do this, we will first make a return to the context of the emergence of liberalism in England, then we will advance to its philosophical principles in John Locke. Then, we will demonstrate how these philosophical principles were interpreted in Brazil in three positions: First as an "idea out of place" (SCHWARZ, 2000; NOGUEIRA, 1976), second as "an idea tends to find its place" (COUTINHO, 2000) and third as an "idea that is in its right place" (FRANCO, 1976; BOSI, 2010). ; El "lugar" del liberalismo en el Brasil del siglo XIX es objeto de grandes debates en filosofía política (RICUPERO, 2007). Por lo tanto, nuestro objetivo es trazar un mapa de este debate y ofrecer una síntesis de estas posiciones. Para ello, primero haremos un retorno al contexto de la irrupción del liberalismo en Inglaterra y, posteriormente, avanzaremos a sus principios filosóficos en John Locke. Luego, demostraremos cómo estos principios filosóficos fueron interpretados en Brasil en tres posiciones: primero como "idea fuera de lugar" (SCHWARZ, 2000; NOGUEIRA, 1976), segundo como "una idea tiende a encontrar su lugar" (COUTINHO, 2000) y tercero como una "idea que está en su debido lugar" (FRANCO, 1976; BOSI, 2010). ; O "lugar" do liberalismo no Brasil do século XIX é alvo de grandes debates na filosofia política (RICUPERO, 2007). Assim, temos como objetivo mapear esse debate e fornecer uma síntese dessas posições. Para isso, faremos, primeiro, um retorno ao contexto de surgimento do liberalismo na Inglaterra e, posteriormente, avançaremos para seus princípios filosóficos em John Locke. Em seguida, demonstraremos como esses princípios filosóficos foram interpretados no Brasil em três posições: primeiro como "ideia fora do lugar" (SCHWARZ, 2000; NOGUEIRA, 1976), segundo como "uma ideia tende a encontrar seu lugar" (COUTINHO, 2000) e terceiro como uma ...

The purpose of the article is to provide a theoretical basis for the application of judicial proceedings (judicializacao) in the foreign policy. The starting point is the classical conceptions of Locke & Montesquieu which conferred a great deal of discretion to the Executive for managing foreign relations, what was gradually counterbalanced by the Legislative & the Judiciary. Approaching the Brazilian literature on the expansion of judicial power to the politics & subsequent misrepresentations, the author tries to apply the concept to the foreign policy & analyses five cases of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. References. Adapted from the source document.