Suchergebnisse

Spinoza, Pufendorf and Locke all championed freedom of thought (including freedom of religion) and of speech; all three thinkers deserve credit for having forged the fundamental principles of the liberal tradition. Spinoza, in particular, was the first writer in modern times to articulate a systematic defence of democracy. He believed that the state should promote the welfare of its citizens, while maximising their freedom. Although he equated right with power, he also advocated respect for the moral law, stressing the importance of being good to other people. Keywords: Spinoza, Pufendorf, Locke, freedom of religion, freedom of thought, liberalism

Das vorliegende Buch gibt eine legitimationstheoretische Antwort auf die Fragen, ob die auswärtige Gewalt exekutivischer Natur ist und welchen Beitrag das Europäische Parlament zur europäischen Außenpolitik zu leisten vermag und zieht sie zur Entfaltung einer legitimen europäischen Außenpolitik heran. Die Monographie zeichnet ein Gesamtbild der auswärtigen Gewalt des Europäischen Parlaments im Vergleich zur auswärtigen Gewalt des Deutschen Bundestages und derjenigen des US-amerikanischen Kongresses. Das Locke´sche Dogma der außenpolitischen Prärogative der Exekutive dominiert nicht nur im nationalen Rahmen, insbesondere in der Rechtsprechung des BVerfG, vielmehr ist es auch symmetrisch auf Unionsebene wirksam. Dieses Dogma analysiert die Arbeit im Geflecht Lockes Legitimitätstheorie und Gewaltenteilungslehre. Daneben steht eine Untersuchung des diesem Dogma zugrundeliegenden Gesetzesbegriffes, die für die auswärtige Gewalt der Union nutzbar gemacht wird. Das Werk arbeitet die legitimationsstiftende Leistung des Europäischen Parlaments zu außenpolitischen Handlungen der EU heraus und sichert die abstrakt gewonnenen Erkenntnisse empirisch durch ausgewählte Fallstudien ab

Una interpretación extendida es la que atribuye a John Locke la paternidad teórica del liberalismo. Sin embargo, son sobrados los testimonios que nos hablan de un cuerpo de ideas que comenzó a desarrollarse con anterioridad. Para empezar, la obra de Richard Hooker Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity (1594-97) que Locke cita reiteradamente. Un teólogo anglicano, contemporáneo del alemán Althusius, y que cómo éste había valorado el consentimiento como fuente de obligación política. No hay poder legítimo, creía Hooker, sin consentimiento de los gobernados, de quiénes deriva por ende la facultad de imponer las leyes…

The individual in international law — In general — Human rights and freedoms — Right to strike — Limits — Legality of order prohibiting lock operators on international waterway from exercising right to strike — Public policy — Whether such prohibition required by Convention of Luxembourg on Canalization of Moselle, 1956 — The law of FranceState territory — Parts of — Rivers — International rivers — The principle of freedom of navigation on international rivers — Limits — Legality of order prohibiting lock operators from taking strike action — Convention of Luxembourg on Canalization of Moselle, 1956 — Whether requiring signatory States to prohibit strike action by such employees — The law of France

The claim that "the good accompanies every political action" stands out as one of the basic claims of political philosophy. In this sense, every political action brings along the knowledge of the good, that is, the inclination towards the knowledge of the good life or the good society. It is possible to claim that there is a kind of a relationship directing the deeds of the individual as much as the validity of consideration of the government, in this context, the state as a way of domination in itself. In this study, starting from the relationship between paternal and pastoral powers, it will be attempted to show that the state has an invariable dual power structure. The relationship between the paternalist power technique with more state claims and the pastoral technique with less state claims will be tried to be laid on the evaluations of John Locke, Michel Foucault and Gerald Dworkin. ; İyiye dair kanının her politik eyleme eşlik etmekte olduğu politika felsefesinin temel iddialarından biri olarak öne çıkar. Bu anlamda her politik eylem, iyinin bilgisine yani iyi yaşamın ya da iyi toplumun bilgisine bir yönelimi de beraberinde getirir. İktidarın, söz konusu bağlamda devletin, özünde bir tahakküm biçimi olarak düşünülmesinin meşruluğu kadar bireyin eylemlerini yönlendiren bir ilişki biçimi olduğunu iddia etmek de mümkündür. Bu çalışmada paternal ve pastoral iktidarlar arasındaki ilişkiden hareketle devletin değişmez bir ikili iktidar yapısına sahip olduğunu gösterilmeye; daha fazla devlet iddiasını taşıyan paternalist iktidar tekniği ile daha az devlet iddiasını taşıyan pastoral teknik arasında nasıl bir ilişki olduğu John Locke, Gerald Dworkin ve Michel Foucault'un tespitleri üzerinden serimlenmeye çalışılacaktır.

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] meal is the main source of protein in poultry and swine rations worldwide. Phytate, the main storage form of phosphorous in soybean meal, is largely indigestible by monogastric animals and, thus, a major concern both for nutrition and for environmental pollution. USDA-N6003LP (Reg. no. GP-435, PI 689999) is a low-phytate (LP) determinate, lodging-resistant early maturity group (MG) VI soybean germplasm developed and released jointly by the USDA-ARS and the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service. USDA-N6003LP is derived from a backcross (BC1) between recurrent parent 'NC-Roy' and LP donor line USDA CX1834. NC-Roy is a high-yielding MG VI cultivar adapted to the southern United States. USDA-N6003LP has 60% lower phytate and 4.8 times higher inorganic phosphorus (Pi) contents in its seed than the seed of NC-Roy. It matures approximately 5 d earlier and has larger seed size and better lodging resistance (P < 0.05) compared with NC-Roy. Across 17 environments in the USDA Uniform Soybean Tests, Southern States and over four local yield trials in North Carolina, USDA-N6003LP yielded 91 and 97% of NC-Roy, respectively. Field emergences of this line in four tests in NC were 79 to 80% compared with 89 to 90% for NC-Roy. USDA-N6003LP is the first early MG VI LP germplasm release with good agronomic performance and relatively normal field emergence. It will be useful as parental stock for soybean breeders interested in developing LP soybean cultivars. ; United Soybean Board ; We thank Earl. B Huie, Jr., for his assistance in developing and field testing this germplasm release. The authors also thank the United Soybean Board for partial funding of this research. ; Public domain authored by a U.S. government employee

Abstract Background The consumption of partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (PHVOs) high in trans fat is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and other non-communicable diseases. In response to high intakes of PHVOs, the Indian government has proposed regulation to set limits on the amount of trans fat permissible in PHVOs. Global recommendations are to replace PHVOs with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in order to optimise health benefits; however, little is known about the practicalities of implementation in low-income settings. The aim of this study was to examine the technical and economic feasibility of reducing trans fat in PHVOs and reformulating it using healthier fats. Methods Thirteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with manufacturers and technical experts of PHVOs in India. Data were open-coded and organised according to key themes. Results Interviewees indicated that reformulating PHVOs was both economically and technically feasible provided that trans fat regulation takes account of the food technology challenges associated with product reformulation. However, there will be challenges in maintaining the physical properties that consumers prefer while reducing the trans fat in PHVOs. The availability of input oils was not seen to be a problem because of the low cost and high availability of imported palm oil, which was the input oil of choice for industry. Most interviewees were not concerned about the potential increase in saturated fat associated with increased use of palm oil and were not planning to use PUFAs in product reformulation. Interviewees indicated that many smaller manufacturers would not have sufficient capacity to reformulate products to reduce trans fat. Conclusions Reformulating PHVOs to reduce trans fat in India is feasible; however, a collision course exists where the public health goal to replace PHVOs with PUFA are opposed to the goals of industry to produce a cheap alternative product that meets consumer preferences. Ensuring that product reformulation is done in a way that maximises health benefits will require shifts in knowledge and subsequent demand of products, decreased reliance on palm oil, investment in research and development and increased capacity for smaller manufacturers.

Anmerkung: Der Artikel beschreibt die von der Regierung durchgeführten Reformen, um Investitionen in die Republik Usbekistan zu locken, die Analyse des aktuellen Stands der Investitionstätigkeit und die Umsetzung des Gravitationsmodells der wirtschaftlichen Situation in Ländern mit Außenwirtschaftsbeziehungen.

Bei dieser Kurzbibliographie handelt es sich um den ersten Teil einer Serie, die in diesem Jahr in lockerer Reihenfolge erscheinen wird. Die Bibliographie ist gegliedert in die Rubriken: internationale Beziehungen, internationale Sicherheit und internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen. (DÜI-Sen)

Cover -- Half Title -- Series -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- General Editor's Preface -- Introduction -- Notes -- References -- 1 Bacon -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Pars destruens: anticipations of nature and the idols of the mind -- 3. Pars construens: Bacon's prescriptions for new natural histories and the inductive natural philosophy -- 4. Concluding remarks -- Notes -- References -- 2 Gassendi and Hobbes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Gassendi's attacks on the Aristotelians and on Descartes -- 3. Gassendi's middle way -- 4. Gassendi's two criteria -- 5. Certainty and probability -- 6. Hobbes and scepticism -- 7. Hobbes, perception, and 'the modern philosophy' -- 8. Knowledge and scientific knowledge -- Notes -- References -- 3 Descartes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Dreaming and the embodied self -- 3. Passivity of mind -- 4. Activation and self-discovery -- 5. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 4 Spinoza -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Predecessors -- 3. Adequacy, truth, and clarity and distinctness -- 4. Kinds of knowledge -- 5. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 5 Malebranche -- 1. Introduction: was Malebranche a rationalist metaphysician? -- 2. Malebranche and Hume -- 3. The axioms of metaphysics -- 4. Malebranche's positive metaphysics 1: God and the soul -- 5. Malebranche's positive metaphysics 2: the world of bodies -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 6 Leibniz -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Leibniz's theory of knowledge: the basics -- 3. Leibniz on substance -- 4. Determinism -- 5. Leibniz's 'rationalist empiricism' -- 6. Representation and anti-materialism -- 7. Knowledge and truth -- 8. Logic and the question of foundationalism -- 9. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 7 Locke -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Background -- 3. Locke on principles -- 4. Locke on demonstration -- 5. Locke on the sciences -- Notes -- References -- 8 Hume.