Suchergebnisse

1. Versuchsanordnung und Datenerhebung -- 2. Kodierung und Datenerfassung -- 2.1 Der Kodiervorgang -- 2.2 Die Datenerfassung -- 2.3 Erstellung der SPSS-Steuerkarten -- 3. Datenprüfung -- 3.1 Mögliche Fehler und deren Konsequenzen -- 3.2 Gesichtspunkte möglicher Datenprüfungen -- 3.3 Strategien zur Fehlersuche -- 3.4 Anmerkungen -- 4. Prüfung der Variablen auf Normalverteilung -- 4.1 Prüfung über Schiefe und Exzeß -- 4.2 Prüfung durch den Kolmogorov-Smirnov-Anpassungstest -- 4.3 Vergleich der beiden Prüfverfahren und Konsequenzen bei Verletzung der Normalverteilungsannahme -- 5. Mittelwertvergleiche für zwei unabhängige Gruppen -- 5.1 Der t-Test für unabhängige Gruppen -- 5.2 Der Median-Test für zwei unabhängige Gruppen -- 5.3 Der Mann-Whitney U-Test -- 5.4 Andere nichtparametrische Tests für zwei Gruppen -- 5.5 Überlegungen zum effizienten Einsatz der vorgestellten Verfahren -- 6. Mittelwertvergleiche für mehrere unabhängige Gruppen -- 6.1 Einfaktoriellle Varianzanalyse zur Prüfung der Gruppengleichheit -- 6.2 Prüfung der Gruppengleichheit über die Kruskal-Wallis- Rangvarianzanalyse -- 6.3 Zusammenfassende Interpretation und Konsequenzen für den nächsten Auswertungsschritt -- 6.4 Einfaktorielle Varianzanalyse zur Prüfung der Effekte der Hochspannungsleitungen -- 6.5 Rangvarianzanalyse zur Prüfung der Effekte der Hochspannungsleitungen -- 6.6 Prüfung der Effekte der Hochspannungsleitungen über die zweifaktorielle Varianzanalyse -- 6.7 Anmerkungen zur Anwendung der einfaktoriellen und mehrfaktoriellen Varianzanalyse in SPSS -- 7. Mittelwertvergleiche für abhängige Messungen -- 7.1 Mittelwertvergleiche zwischen zwei abhängigen Messungen -- 7.2 Mittelwertvergleiche für mehrere abhängige Messungen -- 8. Korrelationsanalytische Verfahren -- 8.1 Bivariate Korrelationsanalyse -- 8.2 Die Partialkorrelationsanalyse -- 9. Verfahren der Skalenanalyse und Datenreduktion -- 9.1 Die Faktorenanalyse -- 9.2 Die Item-Gesamtwert-Korrelation -- 9.3 Vergleich von Faktorenanalyse und Item-Gesamtwert-Korrelation.

The Wiley-Interscience Paperback Series consists of selected books that have been made more accessible to consumers in an effort to increase global appeal and general circulation. With these new unabridged softcover volumes, Wiley hopes to extend the lives of these works by making them available to future generations of statisticians, mathematicians, and scientists. "[A]nyone who works with Markov processes whose state space is uncountably infinite will need this most impressive book as a guide and reference."--American Scientist. "There is no question but that space should imm.

Notes on Vagueness and Mathematics -- Fuzzy Set Theory: Some Aspects of the Early Development -- Plausibility Measures – A General Framework for Possibility and Fuzzy Probability Measures -- Controlled-Error Theories of Proximity and Dominance -- Impartial Truth -- A Geometry of Logic -- Representations of Transitive Fuzzy Relations -- Fuzziness and Fuzzy Equality -- Large Societies and Individual Strategy Selection: A Case Study of Ambiguity -- The Alternative Set Theory and its Approach to Cantor's Set Theory -- Aspects of Vagueness and Some Epistemological Problems Related to their Formalization -- An Inquiry into Indistinguishability Operators -- A Theory of Commonsense Knowledge -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.

I Science Around 1800: Cognitive and Social Change -- Some Patterns of Change in the Baconian Sciences of the Early 19th Century Germany -- From Celestial Mechanics to Social Physics: Discontinuity in the Development of the Sciences in the Early Nineteenth Century -- 1802 - "Biologie" et Médecine -- Ontologic Foundation of Scientific Knowledge in Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century Rationalism -- Hermann von Helmholtz: A Physiological Approach to the Theory of Knowledge -- On "Science as a Language" -- The Historical Conditions and Features of the Development of Natural Science in Russia in the First Half of the 19th Century -- The Prussian Professoriate and the Research Imperative, 1790 – 1840 -- European Natural Science. (The Beginning of the 19th Century) -- Science, Knowledge, and the Reproduction of the Social Capacity For Labour -- II Science and Education -- Teaching Method and Justification of Knowledge: C. Ritter - J.H. Pestalozzi -- Possibilities and Limits of the Prussian School Reform at the Beginning of the 19th Century -- Qualitative and Quantitative Aspects of Curricula in Prussian Grammar Schools During the Late 18th and Early 19th Centuries and Their Relation to the Development of the Sciences -- Some Aspects of the Development of Mathematics at the University of Halle-Wittenberg in the Early 19th Century -- Justus Grassmann's School Programs as Mathematical Antecedents of Hermann Grassmann's 1844 'Ausdehnungslehre' -- On Education as a Mediating Element Between Development and Application: The Plans For the Berlin Polytechnical Institute (1817 – 1850) -- III Mathematics in the Early 19th Century -- Mathematics and the Moral Sciences: The Rise and Fall of the Probability of Judgments, 1785 – 1840 -- Changing Attitudes Toward Mathematical Rigor: Lagrange and Analysis in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries -- The Origins of Pure Mathematics -- Mathematical Physics in France, 1800 – 1835 -- Mathematics in Germany and France in the Early 19th Century: Transmission and Transformation -- Mathematicians in Germany Circa 1800 -- Name Index -- List of Participants.

This book provides the first simultaneous coverage of the statistical aspects of simulation and Monte Carlo methods, their commonalities and their differences for the solution of a wide spectrum of engineering and scientific problems. It contains standard material usually considered in Monte Carlo simulation as well as new material such as variance reduction techniques, regenerative simulation, and Monte Carlo optimization.

This book is intended as a textbook for a first course in applied statistics for students of economics, public administration and business administration. A limited knowledge of mathematics and - in one single chapter - some knowledge of elementary matrix algebra is required for understanding the text. Complicated mathematical proofs are avoided and the explanations are based on intuition and numerical examples. The aim of this book is to enable the student to understand the reasoning underlying a statistical analysis and to apply statistical methods to problems likely to be met within the fields of economics, public administration and business administration. The topics covered by the book are: - methods for exploratory data analysis - probability theory and standard statistical distributions - statistical inference theory - and three main areas of application: regression analysis, survey sampling and contingency tables. The treatment of exploratory data analysis, regression analysis and the analysis of contingency tables are based on the most recent theoretical developments in these areas. Most of the examples have never been presented before in English textbooks

Evolutionary Epistemology — A Challenge to Science and Philosophy -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Notion of the Innate — Immanuel Kant and Beyond -- 3. Patterns of Nature and the Nature of Cognition or, 'Why the Eye is Attuned to the Sun' -- 4. The Interdisciplinary Foundation of Evolutionary Epistemology -- 5. The Challenge to Science and Philosophy -- 6. Summary and Conclusion -- Notes -- Evolution and Evolutionary Knowledge — On the Correspondence Between Cognitive Order and Nature -- 1. Separate Approaches -- 2. Judgements and Prejudices -- 3. The Theory of Evolution -- 4. Epistemological Questions -- 5. Nature and Thinking -- 6. A System of Hypotheses -- 7. Natural and Cognitive Order 45 -- 8. The Kantian Apriori -- 9. Summary -- Notes -- A Short Introduction to the Biological Principles of Evolutionary Epistemology -- 1. Life as a Cognition Process -- 2. The "Hypotheses" of the Ratiomorphic Apparatus -- 3. Summary -- Notes -- Mesocosm and Objective Knowledge — On Problems Solved by Evolutionary Epistemology -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Facts and Fits — What Evolutionary Epistemology Tries to Explain -- 3. Tenets and Traits — What Evolutionary Epistemology Does Assert -- 4. Caveats and Corrections — What Evolutionary Epistemology Does Not Assert -- 5. Mesocosm and Visualization -- 6. Projection and Reconstruction -- 7. Objectivity and Invariance -- 8. Mathematics and Reality -- 9. Causality and Energy Transfer -- 10. Mind and Evolution -- 11. Unfinished Tasks and Unsolved Problems -- Neurobiological Aspects of Intelligence -- The Evolution of Scientific Method -- 1. The Historical Background -- 2. Objective Scientific Knowledge as a Break with the Ratiomorphic Past: The "Third" Evolution -- 3. The Systematic Relationship of Empirical-Evolutionary Epistemology and Meta-Empirical or Pure "Transcendental" Epistemology -- 4. Information and Knowledge -- 5. Science as an Evolutionary Information System -- 6. The "Law of Three Stages" of the Evolution of Method -- Notes -- The Ethics of Science: Compatible with the Concept of Evolutionary Epistemology? -- 1. The Traditional Viewpoint -- 2. Values -- 3. Science -- 4. Motivation of Science -- 5. Scientific Communities -- 6. The Ethics of Science -- 7. Justification of the Code (Compatibility with Evolutionary Epistemology) -- 8. The Ethics of Science as a Partial Code of Conduct -- 9. Extention of the Ethics of Science to Society? -- 10. Homo investigans versus Homo politicus -- 11. Threats Bearing upon the Ethics of Science -- The Metaphysical Limits of Evolutionary Epistemology -- 1. Evolutionary Epistemology is a Philosophical Proposal -- 2. As a Philosophical Theory, Evolutionary Epistemology is a Variant of Naturalistic Realism -- 3. Evolutionary Epistemology and Causality -- 4. Difficulties with the Principle of "Fulguration" -- 5. By Its Claim to Truth, Evolutionary Epistemology Annuls Itself -- 6. Evolutionary Epistemology is Unable to Support Its Own Ethical Claims -- 7. Evolutionary Epistemology and Ethics -- Notes -- Selected Bibliography -- Evolutionary Causality, Theory of Games, and Evolution of Intelligence -- 1. A Model for Evolutionary Causality -- 2. The Equivalence of the Theory of Evolution and Dynamic Games -- 3. Evolutionary Epistemology, Memory, and Intelligence -- References -- Evolutionary Epistemology — A New Copernican Revolution? -- Notes -- Appendix. The Logical Basis of Evolutionary Epistemology -- 1. The Limits of the Analytical Approach -- 2. The Logical Structure of the Evolutionary Approach to Epistemological Questions -- 3. Consistency Proof for Riedl's Probability Hypothesis -- 4. The Problem of Theoretical Terms in Evolutionary Perspective -- Notes -- Index Of Names -- Index of Subjects.