Suchergebnisse

Engl. Zsfassung u.d.T.: Lithuania during the reform diet: up until the 3 May 1791 Constitution

With phenomenal innovation of the Internet and unprecedented growth of Internet users worldwide, the Internet has undoubtedly become important part of many modern peoples' lives, concerning social, political and economical fields. Internet Service Providers (ISP) are responsible for delivering the information thru the Internet networks to our computers. With immense growth of users on the Internet, massive amount of bandwidth is required to deliver the data. ISPs are in complete technical control of the information flow of the Internet. Dangers of fundamental human rights violations occur, when this significant tool of information distribution is in control in the hands of ISPs. Problem of ensuring fundamental human rights, embedded in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights arises and new legal framework is needed to protect the end users of the Internet. The purpose of this thesis is to examine how the Internet Service Providers are managing data on Internet networks and whether they are not interfering with rights to freedom of expression and free speech. In order to achieve this aim, in the first part of the work descriptive-comparative research approach is used to investigate the concept of net neutrality, it's corealation to fundamental human rights and main laws regarding principle and protection of human rights. In the second part of the thesis, normative-comparative approach was used to analyze different legal systems in the U.S. and the EU, their requirement to ensure net neutrality principle and human rights protection. Main conclusion of the thesis was that states are liable for ensuring the net neutrality principle, because otherwise it would interfere with fundamental human rights embedded in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

With phenomenal innovation of the Internet and unprecedented growth of Internet users worldwide, the Internet has undoubtedly become important part of many modern peoples' lives, concerning social, political and economical fields. Internet Service Providers (ISP) are responsible for delivering the information thru the Internet networks to our computers. With immense growth of users on the Internet, massive amount of bandwidth is required to deliver the data. ISPs are in complete technical control of the information flow of the Internet. Dangers of fundamental human rights violations occur, when this significant tool of information distribution is in control in the hands of ISPs. Problem of ensuring fundamental human rights, embedded in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights arises and new legal framework is needed to protect the end users of the Internet. The purpose of this thesis is to examine how the Internet Service Providers are managing data on Internet networks and whether they are not interfering with rights to freedom of expression and free speech. In order to achieve this aim, in the first part of the work descriptive-comparative research approach is used to investigate the concept of net neutrality, it's corealation to fundamental human rights and main laws regarding principle and protection of human rights. In the second part of the thesis, normative-comparative approach was used to analyze different legal systems in the U.S. and the EU, their requirement to ensure net neutrality principle and human rights protection. Main conclusion of the thesis was that states are liable for ensuring the net neutrality principle, because otherwise it would interfere with fundamental human rights embedded in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

With phenomenal innovation of the Internet and unprecedented growth of Internet users worldwide, the Internet has undoubtedly become important part of many modern peoples' lives, concerning social, political and economical fields. Internet Service Providers (ISP) are responsible for delivering the information thru the Internet networks to our computers. With immense growth of users on the Internet, massive amount of bandwidth is required to deliver the data. ISPs are in complete technical control of the information flow of the Internet. Dangers of fundamental human rights violations occur, when this significant tool of information distribution is in control in the hands of ISPs. Problem of ensuring fundamental human rights, embedded in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights arises and new legal framework is needed to protect the end users of the Internet. The purpose of this thesis is to examine how the Internet Service Providers are managing data on Internet networks and whether they are not interfering with rights to freedom of expression and free speech. In order to achieve this aim, in the first part of the work descriptive-comparative research approach is used to investigate the concept of net neutrality, it's corealation to fundamental human rights and main laws regarding principle and protection of human rights. In the second part of the thesis, normative-comparative approach was used to analyze different legal systems in the U.S. and the EU, their requirement to ensure net neutrality principle and human rights protection. Main conclusion of the thesis was that states are liable for ensuring the net neutrality principle, because otherwise it would interfere with fundamental human rights embedded in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution and the orientation towards climate change neutrality have fundamentally changed the way we look at competitiveness. Global challenges have increased interest in countries' competitiveness. Thus, in the final master's project the competitiveness of the European Union countries is evaluated according to the most important determinants, ecological footprint and the countries are clustered according to the obtained analysis results. In the literature review the latest concept of competitiveness is presented, 9 groups of competitiveness factors and 52 factors-indicators are identified. The missing values are filled in by MICE method, and after evaluating the correlation, 42 factors-indicators are further used in the study. Three methods are used for clustering - hierarchical Ward linkage method, K-means and machine learning method t-SNE. After the cluster analysis, the countries are clustered into four groups. Neighboring countries have been found to be most similar in terms of competitiveness. Country cluster profiles are interpreted using the results of the PCA method. According to the identified groups of factors, the competitiveness index developed by the author of the project revealed that the most competitive EU countries are Sweden, Germany and the Netherlands. The least competitive countries are Romania, Bulgaria and Greece. Assessing the link between the ecological footprint and competitiveness, positive progress is seen in the EU. In addition, EU countries are moving from low competitiveness and low ecological footprint to high competitiveness and low ecological footprint.

In this study, samples of maize and grass silage were collected from various farms of Lithuania and were analysed for mycotoxins: aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 ), deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 toxin (T-2) and zearalenone (ZEA), over the 2017–2019 period. Silage nutrient composition, including content of dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre, starch (for maize), and acidity (pH) were investigated, and fermentation degree was computed. All samples contained at least one mycotoxin, 85% of samples were co-contaminated with all four mycotoxins tested, 13% of samples contained three and only 1.5% of samples contained two mycotoxins. In general, the concentrations of DON, ZEA and T-2 were respectively 5, 1.7 and 2 times higher in maize silage than in grass one. Maize silage had the highest levels of ZEA and AFB1 , exceeding the European Union's (EU) maximum allowable limits. In grass silage, mycotoxin with the highest concentration exceeding the allowable limits was AFB1 . Between the experimental years, statistically significant differences were found only in T-2 content in maize silage. Silage storage had an impact only on AFB1 concentrations: its highest concentration (10.9 ± 1.1 μg kg-1) was found in trench silos, while in silage clamps and bales that ones were lower by 48% and 44%, respectively. DON negatively correlated with dry matter in grass silage. ZEA negatively correlated with crude protein content and pH in maize silage and with dry matter and crude fibre content and pH in grass silage, but positively correlated with fermentation degree in both silages. T-2 negatively correlated with crude protein content and positively correlated with crude fibre content in grass silage.

In this study, samples of maize and grass silage were collected from various farms of Lithuania and were analysed for mycotoxins: aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 ), deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 toxin (T-2) and zearalenone (ZEA), over the 2017–2019 period. Silage nutrient composition, including content of dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre, starch (for maize), and acidity (pH) were investigated, and fermentation degree was computed. All samples contained at least one mycotoxin, 85% of samples were co-contaminated with all four mycotoxins tested, 13% of samples contained three and only 1.5% of samples contained two mycotoxins. In general, the concentrations of DON, ZEA and T-2 were respectively 5, 1.7 and 2 times higher in maize silage than in grass one. Maize silage had the highest levels of ZEA and AFB1 , exceeding the European Union's (EU) maximum allowable limits. In grass silage, mycotoxin with the highest concentration exceeding the allowable limits was AFB1 . Between the experimental years, statistically significant differences were found only in T-2 content in maize silage. Silage storage had an impact only on AFB1 concentrations: its highest concentration (10.9 ± 1.1 μg kg-1) was found in trench silos, while in silage clamps and bales that ones were lower by 48% and 44%, respectively. DON negatively correlated with dry matter in grass silage. ZEA negatively correlated with crude protein content and pH in maize silage and with dry matter and crude fibre content and pH in grass silage, but positively correlated with fermentation degree in both silages. T-2 negatively correlated with crude protein content and positively correlated with crude fibre content in grass silage.

This thesis was started in order to find out how pre-commercial thinnings are violated in Lithuania. Analysis has been done in four methodological steps. Understanding forest owners' behaviour to pre-commercial thinnings (PCT) is impossible without verifying real situation in practice. Therefore in the beginning inspection of 15 thoroughly selected sample stands was carried in central part of Lithuania. Results revealed that in none of 15 stands pre-commercial thinnings were performed as it is required by legislation. Only two stands showed some marks of PCT. Important factor having significant effect on application of thinnings in private forests is legislation system. Therefore Forest Law (2010a), Regulations for forest felling (2010b) and Regulations for tending and usage of private forests (2004) were analyzed. Regretfully pre-commercial thinnings as mandatory forest management tool until recently has not been described in any of the listed documents. Economic factors such as subsidies or loans could also be a part of implication of pre-commercial thinnings in private forests. Support from European Union funds is available in Lithuanian, though some requirements and stages of application process are not well appreciated by forest owners and stop them from using it. The main causes are: prohibition to perform thinnings for owners themselves; relatively small percent PCT expenses covered; too long and in some cases too messy support implementation process. For analysis of persuasion tools available courses for private forest owners where performance and gain from pre-commercial thinnings would be explained were investigated. Analysis resulted in opinion that private forest owners are not well informed about the existence of such courses. Possible reasons are wider discussed in results. Economic calculations were made employing methodology that is widely used in Scandinavian countries. Cash flow differences between treated and untreated sample stands during rotation were calculated. Net present value and internal rate of return were also computed. Study presented results that pre-commercial thinnings pays off already in commercial thinnings and gives better results in any forest management stage than those for management without PCT.