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Cover -- CONTENTS -- SETTING -- RECENT DEVELOPMENTS -- OUTLOOK AND RISKS: HIGH STAKES -- A. Unprecedented Infrastructure Scale Up -- B. Outlook and Risks: A Challenging Global Environment -- POLICIES FOR FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY -- EXTERNAL SECTOR ASSESSMENT -- SUPPORTING MONETARY AND FINANCIAL POLICIES. -- BUILDING LONGER TERM RESILIENCE -- STAFF APPRAISAL -- BOXES -- 1. Climate Change Challenges and Adaptation Policies -- 2. Public Infrastructure Program -- 3. Public Investment Management Efficiency -- 4. The Operation of Maldives Parallel Foreign Exchange Market
Cover -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- I. Introduction and Background -- II. Recent Developments and Outlook -- III. Policy Discussions -- A. Macroeconomic Policies -- Monetary and Exchange Rate Policy -- Fiscal Policy -- B. Medium-Term Outlook -- C. Financial Sector Issues -- D. Structural Policies and Other Issues -- IV. Staff Appraisal -- Boxes -- 1. The 200 1 Devaluation and Inflation -- 2. The Maldives' LDC Status -- Figures -- 1. Real Sector Developments, 1995-2002.. -- 2. Monetary Sector Developments, 1992-2002 -- 3. External Sector Developments, 1992-2002 -- 4. Fiscal Developments, 1995-2002 -- Tables -- 1. Selected Economic Indicators, 1998-2003.. -- 2. Balance of Payments, 1997-2003 -- 3. Central Government Finance, 1997-2003 -- 4. Summary of Monetary Accounts and MMA Balance Sheet, 1999-2002 -- 5. Indicators of External Vulnerability, 199 l-2001 -- 6. Current Policies with Eventual Forced Adjustment Scenario, 2001-2007 -- 7. Reform Policies Scenario, 2001-2007 -- Annexes -- I. Fund Relations -- II. Relations with the World Bank Group -- III. Relations with the Asian Development Bank -- IV. Social and Demographic Indicators -- V. Statistical Issues.
Cover -- CONTENTS -- CONTEXT -- RECENT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS AND OUTLOOK -- A. Real sector -- B. Fiscal and external sectors -- C. Monetary and financial sectors -- D. Medium-term issues -- POLICY DISCUSSIONS -- A. Fiscal policy -- B. External sector policy -- C. Monetary policy -- D. Financial sector policy -- E. Other -- STAFF APPRAISAL -- BOX -- 1. Does Maldives Face a Possible Crisis? -- FIGURES -- 1. Real and External Sector Developments -- 2. Fiscal Developments -- 3. Monetary and Financial Sector Developments -- TABLES -- 1. Selected Economic and Vulnerability Indicators, 2007-15 (Baseline Scenario) -- 2a. Central Government Finances, 2007-15 (Baseline Scenario) -- 2b. Central Government Finances, 2007-15 (Baseline Scenario) -- 2c. Statement of General Government Operations, 2007-15 (Baseline Scenario) -- 3. Monetary Accounts, 2007-13 (Baseline Scenario) -- 4. Balance of Payments, 2007-15 (Baseline Scenario) -- 5. Selected Economic and Vulnerability Indicators, 2007-15 (Adjustment Scenario) -- APPENDIXES -- I. Risk Assessment Matrix -- II. Updated Debt Sustainability Analysis Using the Low-Income Country Framework -- III. External Stability Assessment -- IV. Assessing the Link Between the Twin Deficits -- V. The Case of Seychelles -- CONTENTS -- FUND RELATIONS -- JOINT MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN -- RELATIONS WITH THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK -- STATISTICAL ISSUES.
Organisateurs : CRIA-TOCOCU-CTCC ; According to the official website of the Maldives Tourism Promotion Board, the country looks like a white and blue world for honeymooners, divers and budding Robinson Crusoe. Indeed it is the international representation of the Maldives. The reason for this touristic development is segregation: vacationers are allowed (and waited) to spend time in luxury resorts whereas Maldivian inhabitants are contained on local islands. In view of this phenomenon of social and spatial separation, the term "visit" is inappropriate. "Experience" would be more suitable: Maldivian island-hotel is a model of enclosure, repeated at different scales and concerning different people. It enables tourists to maintain their habits in a heavenly environment while the opportunity of a dreaded "cultural contamination" is contained. Staff members are actually the only people experiencing the frontier, both knowing and living in what seems to be two parallel worlds: island-hotels form their workplace and home. Island-hotel is a social, spatial and politic construction where exotic imaginative world comes true. Moreover it is an enclave where enclosure, containment have different uses: on the one hand staging the resort to offer a landscape and a cultural context beyond reality, on the other hand avoiding cohabitation (apart from the aforesaid case of resorts staff). ; Selon l'organisme maldivien en charge du tourisme (Maldives Tourism Promotion Board), les Maldives sont la destination rêvée des touristes en lune de miel en attente d'un paradis blanc sable et bleu lagon, des plongeurs ou des Robinson Crusoë en herbe. Il s'agit d'ailleurs de la représentation des Maldives à l'international. Le moteur de ce développement touristique est la ségrégation : les touristes sont censés passer leur temps dans de luxueux complexes hôteliers alors que les Maldiviens vivent uniquement sur des îles destinées à la vie locale. Etant donné ce phénomène de séparation socio-spatiale, il est difficile de dire que les tourists ...
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Organisateurs : CRIA-TOCOCU-CTCC ; According to the official website of the Maldives Tourism Promotion Board, the country looks like a white and blue world for honeymooners, divers and budding Robinson Crusoe. Indeed it is the international representation of the Maldives. The reason for this touristic development is segregation: vacationers are allowed (and waited) to spend time in luxury resorts whereas Maldivian inhabitants are contained on local islands. In view of this phenomenon of social and spatial separation, the term "visit" is inappropriate. "Experience" would be more suitable: Maldivian island-hotel is a model of enclosure, repeated at different scales and concerning different people. It enables tourists to maintain their habits in a heavenly environment while the opportunity of a dreaded "cultural contamination" is contained. Staff members are actually the only people experiencing the frontier, both knowing and living in what seems to be two parallel worlds: island-hotels form their workplace and home. Island-hotel is a social, spatial and politic construction where exotic imaginative world comes true. Moreover it is an enclave where enclosure, containment have different uses: on the one hand staging the resort to offer a landscape and a cultural context beyond reality, on the other hand avoiding cohabitation (apart from the aforesaid case of resorts staff). ; Selon l'organisme maldivien en charge du tourisme (Maldives Tourism Promotion Board), les Maldives sont la destination rêvée des touristes en lune de miel en attente d'un paradis blanc sable et bleu lagon, des plongeurs ou des Robinson Crusoë en herbe. Il s'agit d'ailleurs de la représentation des Maldives à l'international. Le moteur de ce développement touristique est la ségrégation : les touristes sont censés passer leur temps dans de luxueux complexes hôteliers alors que les Maldiviens vivent uniquement sur des îles destinées à la vie locale. Etant donné ce phénomène de séparation socio-spatiale, il est difficile de dire que les tourists visitent le pays. On dira plus aisément et plus justement qu'ils font l'expérience d'une destination. L'île-hôtel maldivienne est un modèle d'enclavement multi-scalaire et qui concerne différents publics. Ce mode de développement touristique permet aux touristes de maintenir leur mode de vie dans un cadre paradisiaque tandis qu'une hypothétique contamination culturelle de l'identité maldivienne est contenue au sein des complexes hôteliers. De fait, le personnel hôtelier est l'unique catégorie de personnes à faire l'expérience de cette frontière entre deux mondes, en vivant dans tant dans les îles-hôtels qui sont leur lieu de travail que dans les îles locales, leur foyer initial. L'île-hôtel est une construction sociale, spatiale et politique où vient prendre corps l'imaginaire exotique. De plus, il s'agit de lieux clos où l'enclavement, le retranchement ont différents unsages : d'une part il s'agit de mettre en scène un complexe hôtelier pour offrir un cadre paysager et culturel au-delà de la réalité quotidienne, et d'autre part, l'enjeu est d'éviter le côtoiement entre les touristes et les Maldiviens (à l'exclusion notable du personnel des îles-hôtels).
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Cover -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- I. Introduction and Background -- II. Stocktaking and Recent Developments -- III. Policy Discussions -- A. Macroeconomic Policies for 2006 -- B. Medium-Term outlook and Structural Reforms -- C. Other Issues -- IV. Staff Appraisal -- Boxes -- 1. Progress in Tsunami Recovery -- 2. Structural Reform Agenda and Status -- Figures -- 1. Real and External Sector Developments, 1995-2005 -- 2. Fiscal and Monetary Sector Developments, 1995-2005 -- Tables -- 1. Selected Economic Indicators, 2001-06 -- 2. Balance of Payments, 2001-06 -- 3. Central Government Finance, 2001-06 -- 4. Summary of Monetary Accounts and MMA Balance Sheet, 2001-05 -- 5. Base Case Medium-Term Scenario, 2004-10 -- 6. Reform Case Medium-Term Scenario, 2004-10 -- 7. Indicators of External Vulnerability, 1991-2005 -- 8. Base Case External Debt Sustainability Framework, 2000-10 -- 9. Base Case Public Sector Debt Sustainability Framework, 2000-10 -- 10. Reform Case External Debt Sustainability Framework, 2000-10 -- 11. Reform Case Public Sector Debt Sustainability Framework, 2000-10 -- Annexes -- I. Fund Relations (as of December 31, 2005) -- II. Relations with The World Bank Group (as of September 30, 2005) -- III. Relations with the Asian Development Bank (as of June 20, 2005) -- IV. Social and Demographic Indicators -- V. Statistical Issues.
Cover -- CONTENTS -- INTRODUCTION -- RECENT DEVELOPMENTS -- OUTLOOK AND RISKS -- POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS -- A. Macroeconomic Policies -- B. Safeguarding Financial Stability and Enhancing Financial Inclusion -- C. Policies to Promote Sustainable and Inclusive Growth -- D. Strengthening Governance -- STAFF APPRAISAL -- FIGURES -- 1. Summary of Recent Developments -- 2. External Sector Developments -- 3. Money and Credit Developments -- 4. Financial Developments -- 5. Fiscal Developments -- 6. Governance Indicators -- TABLES -- 1. Selected Economic Indicators, 2016-23 -- 2a. Central Government Finances, 2016-23 (In millions of Rufiyaa) -- 2b. Central Government Finances, 2016-23 (In percent of GDP) -- 3. Monetary Accounts, 2016-23 -- 4. Balance of Payments, 2016-23 -- 5. Selected Financial Soundness Indicators, 2011-2018 -- ANNEXES -- I. 2017 Article IV Recommendations and Related Policy Actions -- II. Risk Assessment Matrix -- III. State-Owned Enterprises -- IV. Fiscal Adjustment Scenario -- V. External Sector Assessment -- VI. Technical Assistance and Surveillance -- CONTENTS -- FUND RELATIONS -- RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS -- STATISTICAL ISSUES.
Cover -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- I. Introduction and Background -- II. Recent Developments -- III. Key Policy Discussions -- A. Re-establishing a Prudent Fiscal Stance -- B. Expediting Fiscal Reforms -- C. Limiting External Vulnerabilities -- D. Strengthening Monetary Management -- E. Progress on Structural Reforms -- IV. Staff Appraisal -- Figures -- 1. Real and External Sector Developments, 1996-2006 -- 2. Fiscal and Monetary Sector Developments, 1996-2006 -- Tables -- 1. Selected Economic Indicators, 2003-07 -- 2. Balance of Payments, 2003-07 -- 3. Central Government Finance, 2003-07 -- 4. Summary of Monetary Accounts and MMA Balance Sheet, 2002-07 -- 5. Base Case Medium-Term Scenario, 2005-12 -- 6. Alternative Policy Medium-Term Scenario, 2005-12 -- 7. Indicators of External Vulnerability, 2003-06 -- Annexes -- I. Details of the 2007 Domestic Budget -- II. Public and External Debt Sustainability -- Contents -- I. Fund Relations -- II. Relations with the World Bank -- III. Relations with the Asian Development Bank -- IV. Social and Demographic Indicators -- V. Statistical Issues.
In: The round table: the Commonwealth journal of international affairs, Heft 341, S. 51
ISSN: 0035-8533
Cover -- Contents -- I. Introduction and Background -- II. Recent Developments and Outlook -- A. Developments and Outlook for 2001 -- B. Medium-Term Prospects -- III. Policy Discussions -- A. Addressing the Foreign Exchange Pressures -- B. Needed Macroeconomic Policy Reforms -- Exchange rate policy -- Fiscal policy -- Monetary policy -- C. Other Issues -- Iv. Staff Appraisal -- Boxes -- 1. Revision of the National Income Accounts -- 2. Competitiveness and the Real Effective Exchange Rate -- 3. Indicators of Banking System Vulnerability -- 4. The Skipjack Investment Liberalization Program -- 5. An Autonomous Bureau of Statistics -- Figures -- 1. Economic and External Developments,1992-2001 -- 2. Exchange Rate Developments,1992-2001 -- 3. Fiscal and Monetary Developments,1992-2001 -- Tables -- 1. Selected Economic Indicators, 1995-2001 -- 2. Balance of Payments,1997-2001 -- 3. Central Government Finance,1997-2001 -- 4. Summary of Monetary Accounts and MMA Balance Sheet,1997-2001 -- 5. Illustrative Medium-Term Scenario,200l -2006 -- 6. Indicators of External Vulnerability, 199l -2001 -- Annexes -- I. Fund Relations -- II. Relations with the World Bank Group -- III. Relations with the Asian Development Bank -- Iv. Social and Demographic Indicators -- V. Statistical Issues.
Cover -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. STRENGTHENING TAX POLICY MAKING -- A. Preparation of Regulations and Tax Rulings -- B. Establishing a Tax Policy Unit (TPU) -- III. INCOME TAX -- A. Background -- B. Designing a PIT for the Maldives -- C. Taxing Labor Income -- D. Taxing Capital Income of Individuals -- E. The BPT and Taxing Small Businesses -- F. Distributional and Revenue Analysis of a PIT -- IV. INTERNATIONAL TAX -- A. Background -- B. Source Rules -- C. Gaps in the Base for Taxing Non-residents -- D. Permanent Establishments -- E. International Tax Avoidance -- F. Tax Concessions -- V. TAX TREATIES -- A. Background -- B. What Are the Benefits for Maldives from Tax Treaties? -- C. On Forming a Tax Treaty Policy -- D. Model Tax Treaty -- VI. GST -- A. Background -- B. GST Revenue Issues -- C. The Present GST: A 'Dichotomized' VAT? -- D. Keep the GST Threshold at its Present Level -- E. Exemptions and Zero-Ratings -- F. VAT Applied to Electronic Commerce -- VII. PROPERTY TAXES -- A. Background and Purpose -- B. The Rationale of Property Taxes -- C. Understanding the Yield: The Revenue Formula -- D. Tax Policy Options for a Future Modern Property Tax -- E. Tax Administration Reforms Supporting a New Property Tax -- F. Property Transfer Taxes -- BOXES -- 1. Summary of the Rejected 2011 Personal Income Tax Bill -- 2. PIT Design Alternatives -- 3. International Experience with PITs -- FIGURES -- 1. Tax Structure in the Maldives -- 2. Tax Policy Development Life Cycle -- 3. An Example of Personal Income Tax Scale and Average Tax Rates -- 4. Cumulative Distributional Function of Annual Employment Income -- 5. Before- vs. After-Tax Employment Income -- 6. Distribution of PBT Payments Based on Turnover Thresholds -- 7. Distributional Impact of a PIT in the Maldives.
In: Profiles of worldwide government leaders, S. 347-348
ISSN: 1080-7063