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Contends that Jacques Derrida's Specters of Marx: The State of the Debt, the Work of Mourning, and the New International (1993) is the political project of a "man of the Left." It is suggested that Derrida's Algerian background influences both his association with the antihumanism of Marxism & the institutional nature of deconstruction. Although he claims deconstruction is of no interest except as a radicalization, Derrida must know it has not functioned in any way like radicalized Marxism, but rather as an inferior kind of textual politics at a time when academic leftists needed a new form of dissent. The two sides of deconstruction -- reformist & ultraleftist -- are examined, & notions of deconstructed Marxism are compared to Marxist revisionism. It is suggested that Marxism has become more appealing to Derrida because of its marginality & the unattractiveness of political alternatives, maintaining that he is not concerned with an effective socialism, but angered by liberal-capitalist complacency. Derrida's avoidance of the real historical/theoretical manifestations of Marxism are examined, along with the critical, negative nature of his politics, & the absence of ontology or method within his "New International.". J. Lindroth

Marxism is a theory which originated in the context of nineteenth-century industrialised Europe. Despite its European origins, Marxism has actually found greatest significance as a doctrine for change in the context of the underdeveloped peasant societies of Asia. This paradox has only been resolved through adaptation of Marxism to suit the specific features of particular Asian societies. There has consequently been a differentiation of Marxism along national lines. In this book, first published in 1985, the theoretical and practical implications for this national differentiation of a 'univers

These essays critically rethink Marxism in the light of the disintegration of communist regimes Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. Containing essays from a group of internationally distinguished writers and intellectuals, this collection addresses Marxism as a cultural-political problematic. Contending that Marxism is deeply embedded in specific cultural practices, the contributors illuminate Marxism's contribution to discussions of labour in post-industrial capitalism, to controversies surrounding compulsory heterosexuality and queer theory, and to debates about the institutionalization and

Book reviewed in this article: Marxism in the Postmodern Age: Confronting the New World Order, edited by Antonio Callari, Stephen Cullenberg, and Carole Biewener. New York: Guilford, 1995, 560 pages. Cloth $49.95; paper $19.95. After Marxism, by Ronald Aronson. New York: Guilford, 1995, 321 pages. Paper $18.95. The Semiotic Self: by Norbert Wiley. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994, 250 pages. Cloth, $39.95; paper, $19.95. Reshaping the Female Body: The Dilemma of'Cosmetic Surgery, by Kathy Davis. New York and London: Routledge, 1995, 206 pages. Cloth $55.00; paper $16.95. Fear of Crime: Interpreting Victimization Risk, by Kenneth F. Ferraro. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995, 179 pages. Paper, $19.95 Auto Opium: A Social History of American Automobile Design, by David Gartman. London and New York: Routledge, 1994, 264 pages. Paper, $17.95. Berefi of Reason: On the Decline of Social Thought and Prospects for Its Renewal, by Eugene Halton. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1995, 304 pages. Cloth, $39.95. A Festival of Violence: An Analysis of Southern Lynchings, 1882–1930, by Stewart E. Tolnay and E. M. Beck. University of Illinois Press, 1995. Cloth, $49.95; paper, $19.95. Selling Free Enterprise: The Business Assault on Labor and Liberalism, 1945–1960, by Elizabeth A. Fones‐Wolf. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1994, 307 pages. Cloth, $49.95; paper, $16.95. The Executive Way: Conflict Management in Corporations, by Calvin Morrill. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995. Cloth, $29.95.

THE MAJOR THESIS OF THE WRITINGS OF ERNESTO LACLAU AND CHANTAL MOUFFE IS THAT THE CORE OF ALL MARXIST THEORY IS BASED ON A NECESSITARIAN, DETERMINISTIC LOGIC THAT EMPHASIZES IRON LAWS, A STRICT SUCCESSION OF STAGES, THE INEVITABILITY OF THE PROLETARIAN REVOLUTION, AND SO FORTH. THIS LOGIC REDUCES COMPLEXITY AND LEADS TO AN ESSENTIALIST VIEW OF THE SOCIAL AND TO A CLOSED, MONISTIC TYPE OF THEORETICAL DISCOURSE. ALL ATTEMPTS TO SOFTEN MARXISM'S DETERMINISTIC CORE BY STRESSING INDETERMINACY, COMPLEXITY, THE IMPORTANCE OF AGENCY, AND THE RELATIVE AUTONOMY OF THE POLITICAL ARE SIMPLY AD HOC ADDITIONS TO A THEORETICAL EDIFICE THAT, IN ITS FOUNDATIONS, REMAINS IRRETRIEVABLY MONISTIC.

It is argued that contemporary Marxism is in a crisis from which it is not likely to recover. Nevertheless, discussion of Marxism in the context of contemporary political philosophy is appropriate for two reasons: (1) Marxists set the agenda for current political & philosophical debate; & (2) Marxism has recently, at least in the West, given rise to a new & lively debate about the value of fundamental Marxian notions such as the idea of historical materialism & exploitation by the so-called (& self-styled) "analytical Marxists." The Marxians have undertaken a critical evaluation of Marxist political philosophy & have departed from orthodox Marxism. The analytical Marxists have tried to rephrase & uphold the framework of Karl Marx's political & materialist philosophy or have taken it upon themselves to construct a new Marxist edifice of political philosophy, even to reconstruct the whole Marxist scheme. This analytical Marxism is discussed in detail, along with endeavors by Western Marxists & dissident Marxists in & from Eastern Europe to come to terms with actually existing socialist societies & their basic political tenets. 63 References. Modified HA

Defends Marxist theory against Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe (who replied in number 166 to a criticism of their work by Norman Geras in 163), while maintaining that there remains in Marxist conceptions of politics a reductionism that still needs correction. (Abstract amended)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana penejalasan dari epistemology Marxisme Ortodoks. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian jenis historis dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Jenis data penelitian ini adalah sekunder dengan teknik pengumpulan data Studi Pustaka mengenai penjelasan sejarah perkambangan Marxisme hingga penjelasan Marxisme Ortodoks serta analisis data penelitian ini mereduksi data hingga memverifikasi data menjadi sebuah kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian Studi Pustaka Epistemologi Marxisme Ortodoks adalah ideologi yang menjelaskan bahwa menuju jalan revolusi dengan mencampurkan pemahaman sosialisme dan demokrasi maka dari itu Marxisme Ortodoks tidak membuat gagasan partai tunggal atas nama massa. Konsepsinya demokrasi dalam Marxisme Ortodoks didasarkan pada hubungan bebas dalam memproduksi. Marxisme Ortodoks memberikan prioritaskan setiap individu dan menekan kan relasi sosial yang tidak manusiawi dengan mengangkat segi ekonomi sehingga masyarakat yang masih berkembang untuk tujuan mereka yang akan menjadi sasaran kemajuan. Marxisme Ortodoks juga menjelaskan kebijakan jalan parlementer dan atas dasar hak pilih umum harus ditempuh. Marxisme Ortodoks juga cita – cita masyarakat sosial yang baru dengan metode pembangunan material teknologi adalah bagian utama perubahan daam structural masyarakat. tetapi Marxisme Ortodoks dalam pemikiran mereka tetap dianggap sebagai ideologi varian kiri dari tradisi yang terbaru.