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Independent media constitute a crucial component of a liberal democracy, especially for the critical role they can play in advancing the pace of democratization. In the late Soviet era, after Gorbachev lifted state control of the media as part of his glasnost policy, they helped release the hold of communist ideology on society & then went on in the 1990s to mobilize public support for democratic development. Essentially the media constituted the "engine for democratization." More recently, however, the media have become less influential. This chapter focuses on why this has happened & what its implications are for the future of democracy in Russia. J. Stanton

"Mass media are defind as media which have their proper program and constitute their own audience. Mass media research, accordingly, deals with the production of programs and the consumption of the audience. For both perspectives, research topics are justified, data sources are introduced, and recommendation for the research infrastructure are given. As for media production, the establishment of a central media content archive is recommended where content analytic time series of public agencies as well as of individual researchers are collected. Furthermore, the development of a unified content analytical system and the promotion of cross-national comparisons are recommended. As for media consumption, the provision of privately funded data for the scientific community, the promotion of cross-national comparisons and the linkage of programs and audience data are recommended." (author's abstract)

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Key ACEJMC Learning Objectives -- Preface -- Features of the Third Edition -- About the Authors -- Acknowledgments -- Section I: Paving the Way to Today's Mass Media -- 1 Introduction to the Mass Media Revolution -- The Style and Approach of Mass Media Revolution -- Media as Storytellers -- Inspiring Debate Through Bias and Controversy -- Experience and Scholarship -- Applying Historical Context to Mass Media -- Studying the Mass Media -- Media Convergence -- Mass Media Defined -- Theoretical Building Blocks of Mass Media -- Passive and Active Media -- Media Framing -- The Humanistic Approach to Communication -- Linking the Medium and the Message -- Audience Trends -- Why Research Audiences? -- Culture and Mass Media: Sharing What We Know -- The Challenge of Cross-Cultural Communication -- The Media's Influence on Religion and Beliefs -- Global Access, Global Threats -- From My Village to the Global Village -- Proximity and Media Space -- Media Hegemony -- Mass Media Convergence in the Digital Age -- Dealing With Information Bombardment -- Media Access Versus Media Overload -- Conclusion: Understanding New Mass Media from a Critical Perspective -- 2 Mass Media: A Brief Historical Narrative -- The Roots of Mass Media Networks -- The Storytellers -- The Scribes -- The Visual Artists -- Arts, Artists and the Renaissance -- The Power and Influence of Media Publishers -- The Birth of Modern Mass Media -- Printing and Politics -- The Newsmakers -- The Rise of Yellow Journalism and Penny Presses -- The First Media War in the United States -- The Photographers -- The Impact of Music and Images on Culture and Society -- The Music-Makers -- The Radio Broadcasters -- The Filmmakers -- The Television Producers -- The Birth of Television Broadcast Systems

Theoretical foundations. Mass Communication Theory and Research: Concepts and Models / by Bradley S. Greenberg and Michael B. Salwen -- Thinking About Theory / by Steven Chaffee -- Violence and Sex in the Media / by Jennings Bryant and R. Glenn Cummins -- Cultivation Analysis: Research and Analysis / by Nancy Signorielli and Michael B. Morgan -- Uses and Gratifications / by Zizi Papacharissi -- The Agenda-Setting Role of the News Media / by Sebastian Valenzuela and Maxwell McCombs -- Building Public Affairs Theory / by Elizabeth L. Toth -- Political Marketing: Theory, Research and Applications / by Bruce 1. Newman and Richard M. Perloff -- Social Science Theories of Traditional and Internet Advertising / by Shelly Rodgers, Esther Thorson, and Yun Jin --

"Diversity in U.S. Mass Media provides comprehensive coverage of the evolution and issues surrounding portrayals of social groups within the mass media of the United States.Focuses on past and current mass media representations of social groups; Provides an overview of key theories that have guided research in mass media representations and stereotyping; Discusses the impact new media has on representation and how technology is giving a new voice to various social groups; Includes a chapter on how mass media industries are addressing diversity, complete with specially-commissioned interviews with media professionals; Offers helpful supplementary features such as a glossary, questions for reflection, suggestions for projects related to diversity in mass media, and online resources for both instructors and students; Accompanying website provides a glossary, links to related sites, recommendations of films to watch in the classroom, ideas for research projects, and an instructor's manual with sample syllabi "--

In modern times, Mass Media is one of the most vital sectors in any society or economy. Mass media can be used for various purposes, like `advocacy1 for both business and social concerns. Enrichment and education - traditionally through performances like acting, music, and sports along with reading and Public Service announcements. Another aspect of Mass Media is mainstream media, which implies ability to transmit tacit knowledge,with a bias - political or otherwise, - towards favouring a certain individual outcome or resolution of an event. This view of central media can be contrasted with l