In democratic societies, the media today have a complex relation with the sources of power and the political system. Firstly, they should emit information and attitudes independent from the government and interests of power, secondly, those with interests promote news and information closely related with the political parties and other groups. Hence, there has always been a close relation between the mass communication and the product of politics. In the relation between politics and the media the good informative function is very evident. As a part of the media reality, communication contents do not only transfer messages and information from the political factors, but they also analyze, select, make comments, give their own opinion and share attitudes on them. Media effects on politics are realized through manipulative and propagandistic techniques of persuasion, contrary to the professional standards and criteria of the functioning of the mass media communication.
Michael Massing argues that the news media is being adversely affected by the internet because of declining advertising revenue. As a result newspapers and television networks are cutting staff, especially foreign correspondents. The top-tier of newspapers has been adversely affected but second-tier newspapers like the Boston Globe and the Baltimore Sun have been devastated. As a result there is a greater reliance on fewer reporters and fewer areas of coverage. In order to increase revenues newspapers have begun to cater to affluent audiences. Thus, they have larger business section and fewer reports on poverty and labor/working class issues. Massing outlines some of the structural forces at work with reporting including the general gravitation pull to the political right as a result of constant attacks on the "liberal media" by pundits like Rush Limbaugh and Bill O'Reilly, the influence of public opinion on what gets investigate and how it is reported, and the over-reliance of the press on Washington insiders. He also takes up the reporting on Iraq and concludes that the internet cannot replace a large news organization with "deep pockets". Robert Scheer is not pessimistic about the media today because many forms of it have continued to sell like books and movies. Radio is also vibrant. He concedes that newspapers are in trouble and may need a new business model. Likewise, blogs and news aggregators like the Huffington Post and Truthdig are also trying to build economically viable ventures. Further, he argues that the internet has facilitated much more research, made access to news instantaneous and offered more perspectives on current events. He credits the media with ending the idea of US empire through exposing its costs, delegitimizing the idea of the US as a "city on a hill", and questioning the central role of markets in US society. He notes that there are a good many excellent journalists active today and journalism could be even better if academics wrote more broadly, if large corporations did not dominate the big media outlets, and if there was greater public control of the media. The accompanying audio files provide the complete recording of the two talks.
Migration of the population is the most pressing issue in Armenia. It is a widely discussed, and it is an extremely sensitive topic for the Armenian society. Migration and especially emigration-related issues are always in the focus of Armenian mass media. On average, dozens of articles on migration issues are published each month, some of them are solely informative, others are both informative and analytical. This paper reviews the publications on migration issues that have appeared in electronic media during July 2011- May 2013. This period is distinguished by two most important political processes in Armenia: elections to the RA National Assembly in May 2012, and presidential elections in February 2013. Below is the analysis of both pro-governmental and opposition media1 The purpose of the study was to analyze the most important migration themes covered by the media during the period mentioned. The information obtaining methodology included the review of the publications dealing with emigration, repatriation and other migration issues. The underlying methodology for publications review was the analysis of headlines and contents, as well as the visual design of the publications, etc.Migration of the population is the most pressing issue in Armenia. It is a widely discussed, and it is an extremely sensitive topic for the Armenian society. Migration and especially emigration-related issues are always in the focus of Armenian mass media. On average, dozens of articles on migration issues are published each month, some of them are solely informative, others are both informative and analytical. This paper reviews the publications on migration issues that have appeared in electronic media during July 2011- May 2013. This period is distinguished by two most important political processes in Armenia: elections to the RA National Assembly in May 2012, and presidential elections in February 2013. Below is the analysis of both pro-governmental and opposition media1 The purpose of the study was to analyze the most important migration themes covered by the media during the period mentioned. The information obtaining methodology included the review of the publications dealing with emigration, repatriation and other migration issues. The underlying methodology for publications review was the analysis of headlines and contents, as well as the visual design of the publications, etc.Migration of the population is the most pressing issue in Armenia. It is a widely discussed, and it is an extremely sensitive topic for the Armenian society. Migration and especially emigration-related issues are always in the focus of Armenian mass media. On average, dozens of articles on migration issues are published each month, some of them are solely informative, others are both informative and analytical. This paper reviews the publications on migration issues that have appeared in electronic media during July 2011- May 2013. This period is distinguished by two most important political processes in Armenia: elections to the RA National Assembly in May 2012, and presidential elections in February 2013. Below is the analysis of both pro-governmental and opposition media1 The purpose of the study was to analyze the most important migration themes covered by the media during the period mentioned. The information obtaining methodology included the review of the publications dealing with emigration, repatriation and other migration issues. The underlying methodology for publications review was the analysis of headlines and contents, as well as the visual design of the publications, etc.Migration of the population is the most pressing issue in Armenia. It is a widely discussed, and it is an extremely sensitive topic for the Armenian society. ; Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration (CARIM-East) is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union
Purpose: The relevance of work is connected with understanding that the policy turns into the media process. Problematic is an allocation in a huge flow of information of the most priority and significant: consciousness of the recipient is considerably overloaded; the individual does not manage to carry out the analysis of the obtained information, and only gives it a superficial emotional assessment Methodology: The method of comparison is used for the correlation of political media reality with reality. The method of the analysis of empirical data of political activity promotes the establishment of the truth in the registration of media materials. Result: In the article, the levers used in mass media are analyzed, their manipulative potential is defined. Special attention is paid to the fact that virtualization of political reality in mass media leads to the emergence of ideological symbols. The practical importance of research of manipulative capacity of mass media consists of the identification of peculiar features, forms, and methods of impact on the consumer of information content. Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of The manipulative capacity of mass media is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
Facebook played a considerable role during the political uprisings of the so called 'Arab Spring' in 2011. Together with Al-Jazeera, it was one of the few reliable sources of information for protesters at that time. In this paper, we explore the media landscape in Tunisia two years after the uprising. We conducted a qualitative investigation (participant observation and interviewing) with young Tunisians. The paper describes how they use Facebook (FB), newspapers, and TV for gaining information and for exchange. By that time, FB was their primary medium for access to political information. They prefer the variety and diversity of user-generated content, they select information, discuss issues among their friends inside FB and with that, co-create meaning and trust. It seems that both traditional censorship in the national mass media and the revolutionary experience have created a unique media landscape among young Tunisians. Facebook still plays a leading role for many in that landscape, but there remains a 'digital divide'.
Facebook played a considerable role during the political uprisings of the so called 'Arab Spring' in 2011. Together with Al-Jazeera, it was one of the few reliable sources of information for protesters at that time. In this paper, we explore the media landscape in Tunisia two years after the uprising. We conducted a qualitative investigation (participant observation and interviewing) with young Tunisians. The paper describes how they use Facebook (FB), newspapers, and TV for gaining information and for exchange. By that time, FB was their primary medium for access to political information. They prefer the variety and diversity of user-generated content, they select information, discuss issues among their friends inside FB and with that, co-create meaning and trust. It seems that both traditional censorship in the national mass media and the revolutionary experience have created a unique media landscape among young Tunisians. Facebook still plays a leading role for many in that landscape, but there remains a 'digital divide'.
Publication of a conference held at AZAD Centre, Sliema, on February 17, 1978. ; Among the new States, Malta has one of the longest, almost uninterrupted traditions of press freedom and, for her size, is lucky to have had a variety of newspaper opinion. It was two well-known British liberals, John Austin and George Cornwall Lewis, who responding to appeals by the Maltese leader Giorgio Mitrovich, strongly recommended the grant of press freedom to the colony. That was in 1838, when the first papers and periodicals began to be published. Before that time we can hardly say that there was a journalistic tradition at all. The Order of st. John had a printing press in the eighteenth century, but this was mainly for official works. Besides, censorship always hung over Malta's head: in the mid-seventeenth century the Grand Master had opted to close a printing press instead of having to put up with interference from the Pope and Inquisitor who insisted on nihil obstat rights in any printed matter associated with religion or the church. During the brief period of French rule over Malta, from 1798 to 1800, a vaguely Bonapartist paper, Le Journal de Malte, was published; but again this was an official gazette rather than a newspaper. It was all 'liberty, equality and fraternity'; and woe to anybody who disagreed. The same style of paper, a government gazette, continued to be published in the first decades of British rule, first in Italian only, and subsequently in Italian and English until in the early twentieth century Maltese too made an appearance in it. Apart from this, in the period before 1838, very few people managed to get anything controversial printed. One was an Italian refugee; the others were Protestant missionaries. Otherwise the only way to get printed matter distributed in Malta was to have it printed in Italy or elsewhere outside the Island, at least until 1839. ; peer-reviewed
This study examines the role of the mass media in combating international terrorism. The fight against terrorism is a complex and constantly on-going one. Information pressure affects the psyche of millions of people, directs and destabilises the socio-political situation in a country and the international system. Free media are important part of the democratic society; they can contribute to the protection of the democratic freedoms. With a clear understanding of their responsibility, the media can and should contribute significantly to the rapid and successful suppression of terrorist acts. This paper seeks to shed light on the intricate relationships between government, media, and terrorism. It argues that important lessons should be learned from past actions of the media, indicating the need to develop a set of guidelines for responsible media coverage of terror. One might think that in the triangle of government, media, and terrorism, the media would side with governments in the fight against terror. Findings however indicate that this was not always the case.
So far, Indonesia has never been able to escape from the entanglement of corruption. This fact requires all elements of the nation to participate actively in combating this social scourge. Given that Indonesia is a democratic state, where the people are the holder of supreme power, the people have an important role in uncovering and combating the problem of corruption. One of the role and participation of the public is through the media. The reason is because the mass media can reach all levels of society. The mass media is a strategic tool that is able to sniff out and dismantle the rotten practices that start emerging or still veiled. The fact proves that in various places in Indonesia and abroad, corruption is always associated with the mass media.
There's no doubt that globalization and presentation of neologisms have extended in later a long time as innovation has created more quickly than ever individuals communicate and, in some cases, make modern words or expressions which can effectively spread all over the world and gotten to be well known much appreciated to the web and mass media. The contemporary investigation aimed to discover the linguistic evaluation of neologism associated with Coronavirus (COVID-19). Recently, a brand-new coronavirus disorder COVID-19 has emerged as a breathing contamination with widespread difficulty for worldwide public fitness hazards. However, with every passing day, an increasing number of showed instances are being stated global which has alarmed the worldwide government consisting of the World Health Organization (WHO). In this examine, the researcher makes use of the time period neologism this means that the coinage of latest phrases. Neologism performed a widespread function in the course of the records of epidemic and pandemic. The consciousness of this examine is at the phenomenon of neologism to discover the introduction of latest phrases in the course of the outbreak of COVID-19.
Mass media helps administrators and policy makers expand their audience reach, which is crucial considering the fact that face-to-face channels of communication often require abundant human resources to reach masses in rural areas. Agriculture communication is the process of communicating agriculture related information to the stakeholders of agriculture activities. The study reveals that oral communication channel plays a major role in providing information to the rural respondents vis-à-vis mass media channels. Majority of development schemes have reached stakeholders through oral communication than mass media, says the study. It may be inferred that oral communication channels are the major source of information in agricultural communication to the extent of creating awareness about development oriented programmes of the government.
Economic considerations, identity related considerations and cueing theory are used for explaining citizens' attitudes towards the European Union. Yet, all of this research has failed to show how elite cues on interests and identities actually reach the citizens. As a consequence, the author argues that domestic mass media as the most widely used source for citizens' information about the European Union has the potential to fill this missing link. Mass media actively construct reality by promoting ideas (agenda-setting and framing) and thereby shaping processes of socialization and persuasion. In this article the author discusses theoretical concepts of how mass media might affect citizens' attitudes, summarizes what we know about the role of domestic mass media in the course of EU integration, derives research desiderates and finally shows why knowledge on the link between mass media and citizens is paramount to understand the future of EU integration.
Mass media plays a crucial role in information distribution and thus in the political market and public policy making. Theory predicts that information provided by mass media reflects the media's incentives to provide news to different types of groups in society, and affects these groups?influence in policy-making. We use data on agricultural policy from 60 countries, spanning a wide range of development stages and media markets, to test these predictions. We find that, in line with theoretical predictions, public support to agriculture is strongly affected by the structure of the mass media. In particular, a greater role of the private mass media in society is associated with policies which benefit the majority more: it reduces taxation of agriculture in poor countries and reduces subsidization of agriculture in rich countries, ceteris paribus. The evidence is also consistent with the hypothesis that increased competition in commercial media reduces transfers to special interest groups and contributes to more efficient public policies
Things or events about politics are always attracted the attention of mass media to be news materials. The news about political actors in the mass media will form the self-image of the political actors in the eyes of the public Current media conditions are widely used as a political vehicle, made the news presented by the media is difficult to objective even the media prioritize the interests of this media. It can affect the image of someone who became the object of news. The formulation of the problem in this research is how the reception of the audience towards the image of Basuki Tjahaja Purnama through the news in mass media and what the factors that can affect the audience in the reception to the image of Basuki Tjahaja Purnama through the mass media. The purpose of this study is to determine how the reception of audience to image Basuki Tjahaja Purnama through mass media and also what factors affect the audence during the reception. Researchers used Stuart Hall's reception analysis theory to know how reception of audience to the image Basuki Tjahaja Purnama in mass media. The results obtained are the researchers found two sources who are in the position of the dominant-hegemonic and and four others are in the position of the negotiated reading. Researchers did not find the audience included in the category of the oppositional reading. The conclusion of this study is that not always the theory of reception analysis proposed by Stuart Hall can produce three audiences positions. Its because, audience is dynamic, not static. Then, factors that influence the reception of audiences are four, media usage that includes the frequency of news consuming and media selection, religion, culture and fanaticism.
Social awareness means that you should know what is socially acceptable from you in society and you should act in that manner. Mass media has a prominent role to play in modern society. It can bring about radical changes and improve social situation as it influences our social, civil, cultural, political, economic and aesthetic outlook.Modernization has converted media into an indispensable feature of human activity. However, factors like age, education, economic condition, personal needs and availability of proper components decide the quantum and frequency of media use. This is evident from the fact that most media centres are located in urban areas. The majority of consumers of media products are also concentrated in and around cities and towns.