Suchergebnisse

The article analyzes lexical items, the augmentatives, that are used in the language of modern mass media; it is defined new lexical items and expansion of the sphere of their functioning in media materials on social and political and other subjects; it is defined the functional and stylistic role of augmentatives in the language of the press and negative assessment in publicistic materials. The descriptive research method and observation method were used as main in studying augmentatives in the language of Ukrainian periodicals of the XXI century. At different stages of the research the method of functional analysis was used to determine the stylistic load of lexical items. It is concluded that in the language of Ukrainian periodicals, the augmentatives are rarely used, unlike diminutives. They most often have a negative assessment function, representing neglect, condemnation, contempt, etc. Sometimes, with the help of augmentatives, they show the size of the object, phenomenon, or a living being that the author writes about. In general, the augmentatives give some expressive coloring to the text.

Mass media role and importance in terrorist strategy are analysed in this article. Key words: mass media, terrorism, information, aggressor, political actors. ; Проаналізовано роль ЗМІ як чинника в реалізації терористичної стратегії. Ключові слова: ЗМІ, тероризм, агресори, політичні актори, інформація.

The processes, taking place in our national information space, cannot but put us on guard. Most alarming they are in the sphere of TV-speaking. Now they look especially dangerous, when Ukraine is in military confrontation, combined with hybrid war with aggressive Northern neighbour. We have been experiencing a difficult period of attempts of reforms' implementation, which have been declared by the authorities (unfortunately, the majority of them are pseudo plans), especially in information sphere. Both the results of future elections and the future of our state directly depend on these reforms.

У статті проаналізовано метафору, що функціонує у сучасній мові мас-медіа. Дослідження виконано у річищі аксіологічної прагмалігвістики, зокрема крізь призму соціальної оцінності. Виявлено імпліцитні й експліцитні шляхи формування оцінної семантики: до експліцитнооцінних належать слова, оцінність яких уходить у семантичну структуру слова, що зберігають оцінне забарвлення поза контекстом; до імпліцитнооцінних – оцінність яких простежується лише у відповідних умовах контексту. Виявлені тенденції характеризують період 2000–2019 рр. ; The article analyzes the metaphor (in a broad sense) functioning in the modern language of mass media. The study was performed in line with accolate pragmatic, in particular through the prism of social not – «one of the main stylistic traits of newspaper and journalistic style, due not only informative but also – mostly – powerful nature of journalistic broadcast» (L. Duskaeva). The aim of the article is – to identify produced and functioning metaphors in the modern mass media language, to determine their axiological potential and ways of its formation. The source base was the dictionary of metaphorical phrases of the Ukrainian press and materials of television and electronic media, which were not included in the dictionary due to its reliable, thematic and time constraints. The analysis attracted more than 4000 metaphors. The study identified implicit and explicit ways of formation of evaluative semantics: explicitating the words, the assessment of which is included in the semantic structure of the word, preserving the evaluative overtones out of context; implications to consider the words, which is observed only under appropriate conditions of context. The means of formation of implicit not consider use of medical, domestic, educational, military, cultural, traffic, sports and other bits of vocabulary, each of which is in the process of metaphorization gets its unique flavor axiological; the formation of axiological opposition «own / someone else», «old / new». The lexical system of the language of mass media has an open character, the relative constancy can be determined only for a certain period, which is due to the constant need (relevance) of its study, and hence the prospect of further research. Therefore, the analysis of mass media metaphors in the axiological aspect is a synchronous section of the study of the vocabulary of mass media in 2000–2019.

This publication proves the importance of singling out and comprehending a special category of crimes committed due to political motives and considerations. The main tendencies of the analysis of political crimes in Ukrainian mass media have been ana-lyzed. Key words: mass media, political crimes, political terror and terrorism, political repressions. ; У публікації доведено доцільність виокремлення й осмислення особливої категорії резонансних злочинів, скоєних із політичних мотивів та міркувань. Проаналізовано основні тенденції, що утвердилися в українських засобах масової інформації щодо висвітлення політичної злочинності. Ключові слова: засоби масової інформації, політична злочинність, полі-тичний терор і тероризм, політичні репресії.

Проаналізована роль засобів масової інформації у формуванні цивільного суспільства в сучасній Україні. Визначені основні напрями підвищення ефективності ЗМІ у формуванні цивільного суспільства, як дійсно цивільного інституту, орієнтованого на побудову гуманного суспільства із стійким розвитком. ; The role of mass media in civil society formation in modern Ukraine is analysed. The main directions of mass media efficiency increase in civil society formation which is orientated towards the construction of human society with a stable development have been defined.

The article deals with the press discourse of the XXth century beginning as a relevant scientific object, having an outstanding significance for Ukrainian nation formation, preparation of prerequisites for Ukrainian revolution and its achievements defense. As one of its important part, the author considers publications, devoted to Ukrainian spiritual revival, language and cultural problems as the basis and instrument in the struggle for Ukrainian statehood. Not once did this period attract attention of historians (V. Veryha, D. Doroshenko, H. Kasianov, P. Huba), we have thorough and complex scientific researches (I. Krupskyi, I. Mykhailyn, N. Sydorenko, M. Tymoshyk, P. Fedoryshyn), but there exists a problem of deeper understanding of some problem aspects, accent adjustment due to the possibility of attracting new publications, fact data, updating of certain historic assessments on this basis. The tasks of the article are to differentiate thematic directions of struggle for strengthening Ukrainian statehood in democratic-national press at the XXth century beginning; to outline problem-thematic and genre constructs of press struggle for Ukrainian language consolidation as important means of nation- and state formation; to analyze the systems of means and devices, used by authors and editorial boards of democratic Ukrainian periodicals – daily unaffiliated newspaper "Vidrodzhennia" ("Revival"), Ukrainian satiric journals "Budiak" ("Thistle"), "Gedz", "Repiakhy" ("Burdocks"). Thematic directions of the press struggle for strengthening Ukrainian statehood at the XXth century beginning are drawn a line round. The reflection of one of its important aspects – defending the Ukrainian language – in Ukrainian periodicals (newpaper "Vidrodzhennia", satiric journals "Gedz", "Budiak", "Repiakhy") is analyzed. Problem-thematic, genre constructs of representation of the Ukrainian language problem as an important means of nation and statehood formation in printed mass media are stated. The role of Ukrainian democratic press in ...

Стаття присвячена дослідженню функціонування евфемізмів в англійському мас-медійному дискурсі. Мова ЗМІ є соціально-обумовленою реалізацією національної мови, де стан всіх її стилів і підстилів відбивається в більшій чи меншій мірі. Це і зумовлює великий інтерес лінгвістів до текстів ЗМІ. Незважаючи на те, що тексти газет і журналів глибоко вивчені, вони і сьогодні є гідним матеріалом для лінгвістичних спостережень. Спираючись на сучасну британську та американську пресу, ми вивчили мовні явища, властиві англійській мові початку XXI століття.Дослідження англомовного мас-медіййного дискурсу здійснювалося в лінгвістичному, лінгво-культурному, соціальному та психологічному аспектах,адже ЗМІ є головним джерелом інформації і інструментом впливу на мовну поведінку людей.Особлива увага зверталася на приклади вживання евфемізмів з метою політичної коректності. Були наведені конкретні приклади, вилучені з реальних статей британської преси. ; The article is devoted to the study of the functioning of euphemisms in the English mass-media discourse. The language of the media is a socially-conditioned realization of the national language, where the state of all its styles and sub-styles is reflected to a greater or lesser extent. This causes a great interest of linguists in the media texts. Despite the fact that the texts of newspapers and magazines have been thoroughly studied, they are still a worthy material for linguistic observations. Relying on the modern British and American press, we have studied the linguistic phenomena inherent in the English language of the early 21st century. Thus, the media plays a big role in modern society, being the main source of information and an instrument for influencing people's speech behavior. It should be noted that nowadays media texts are the center of the stylistic system of language, therefore, the question of the responsibility of the creators of the replicated information is especially topical in this situation.The study of the English language mass media discourse was carried out in linguistic, linguistic, social, and psychological aspects, since the media are the main source of information and an instrument for influencing people's speech behavior.Particular attention was drawn to examples of the use of euphemisms for political correctness. Specific examples were given, taken from real articles of the British press.

The processes, taking place in our national information space, cannot but put us on guard. Most alarming they are in the sphere of TV-speaking. Now they look especially dangerous, when Ukraine is in military confrontation, combined with hybrid war with aggressive Northern neighbour.We have been experiencing a difficult period of attempts of reforms' implementation, which have been declared by the authorities (unfortunately, the majority of them are pseudo plans), especially in information sphere. Both the results of future elections and the future of our state directly depend on these reforms. ; Процеси, які відбуваються в нашому національному інформаційному просторі, не можуть не насторожувати. Особливо тривожними вони є у сфері телевізійного мовлення. І особливо небезпечними вони є тепер, коли Україна знаходиться у мілітарному протистоянні, поєднаному з гібридною війною з агресивним північним сусідом.Переживаємо складний період спроб реалізації задекларованих владою реформ (на жаль, у більшості — псевдопланів), особливо в інформаційній сфері, від чого залежать не лише результати майбутніх виборів, але й завтрашній день нашої держави.

Процеси, які відбуваються в нашому національному інформаційному просторі, не можуть не насторожувати. Особливо тривожними вони є у сфері телевізійного мовлення. І особливо небезпечними вони є тепер, коли Україна знаходиться у мілітарному протистоянні, поєднаному з гібридною війною з агресивним північним сусідом.Переживаємо складний період спроб реалізації задекларованих владою реформ (на жаль, у більшості — псевдопланів), особливо в інформаційній сфері, від чого залежать не лише результати майбутніх виборів, але й завтрашній день нашої держави. ; The processes, taking place in our national information space, cannot but put us on guard. Most alarming they are in the sphere of TV-speaking. Now they look especially dangerous, when Ukraine is in military confrontation, combined with hybrid war with aggressive Northern neighbour.We have been experiencing a difficult period of attempts of reforms' implementation, which have been declared by the authorities (unfortunately, the majority of them are pseudo plans), especially in information sphere. Both the results of future elections and the future of our state directly depend on these reforms.

Процеси, які відбуваються в нашому національному інформаційному просторі, не можуть не насторожувати. Особливо тривожними вони є у сфері телевізійного мовлення. І особливо небезпечними вони є тепер, коли Україна знаходиться у мілітарному протистоянні, поєднаному з гібридною війною з агресивним північним сусідом.Переживаємо складний період спроб реалізації задекларованих владою реформ (на жаль, у більшості — псевдопланів), особливо в інформаційній сфері, від чого залежать не лише результати майбутніх виборів, але й завтрашній день нашої держави. ; The processes, taking place in our national information space, cannot but put us on guard. Most alarming they are in the sphere of TV-speaking. Now they look especially dangerous, when Ukraine is in military confrontation, combined with hybrid war with aggressive Northern neighbour.We have been experiencing a difficult period of attempts of reforms' implementation, which have been declared by the authorities (unfortunately, the majority of them are pseudo plans), especially in information sphere. Both the results of future elections and the future of our state directly depend on these reforms.

His primary source, as a multimeaning word, term " violence" owes its roots in the audio – visual media from the definition of "culture war." Incorporating all the contradictory experience of mankind, its transformative lessons, it is no longer uniquely opposite category to the "culture of peace". Its philosophical and conceptual dimension is contradictory dialectiction, the transition from one quality to another, the dynamics of many aspects. Socio- psychological and socio- ethical aspects of these unilateral form cons screen "hero" with the aggressive nature, militaristic spirit, stereotyped image of the enemy Concept of "culture war" was created with UNESCO Declaration on the culture of peace, the Programme of Action in the field of culture of peace. Their aim – to promote a global movement of transition from a culture of war and violence to a culture of peace. Calls to non-violence in the third millennium able to generate values such as peacefulness, peace, tolerance, non- aggressive thinking and non-aggressive behavior. This new understanding of latitude amplitude of peacekeeping, not only between the public, but also socio-cultural group of countries with the highest regard first of all cultural and national characteristics.Staying within the human society, violence successfully took its place in the mass media content. Especially the "winner" of its location appears in audiovisual production. And not only the saturation of "pictures" on the screen, and the power of this form of human activity. Unfortunately, catharsis did not sacrifice public acquisition. It is a tribute to old versions mythologizing violence. However, against the fierce mythological character "naturalization of aggression and violence", modernity is characterized by specific manifestations of human cruelty. Erich Fromm called this situation "human passions", which are inherent to the social determinants of human being – violence.Multidirectional forms of violence caused by multitheoretical approaches to its understanding. There was some violence classification offered by Russian scientist G. Kozyrev: on violent forms of interaction, created loss, conflict subjects.Scientists identify as cultural violence "aspect of culture that can be used to legalize violence in its direct and structural forms".The genesis of the problems of violence clearly traced in the direction of contemporary audiovisual media content. The historical part of modern society, unfortunately, undoubtedly provided a constant value known as philosophical statements of Heraklit: " War – [polemos] – the father of all, the king of all: some it makes the gods, others – people, creates some slaves and some free ones", and according to Aristotle: "The violence is a coercion, and this is something that hinders and interferes in anything contrary to the wishes of necessity, so it is also harder". Political traditions, in particular, facilitate the transition to the monopolization of violence from government and law. The modern theory of violence makes an emphasis in the field of political philosophy. The world has embraced as a solid social arrangement. The philosopher Hobbes talks about the impossibility of peaceful coexistence of human existence by virtue of the nature of enmity to one another. This essence of human nature itself lies at the genetic, instinctive level. The idea that human existence is its natural law philosopher John Locke argued in "Two treatises of government".By "social contract" J. J. Rousseau theoretically grounded civil society, making an emphasis on the legal rights of the individual.Made by legal philosophers the foundation of violence laid today as the basis of the constitutional rights of many social groups. Only Kant was proclaimed the eternal law of peace and creation on the basis of its allied relations between people and nations. Here, "even the smallest state could expect their security and rights not from their own forces, but only from a great union of peoples".Dissonant sound of another philosopher actually equates the balance of world postulates on this topic: Hegel wrote: "The war keeps healthy morality of the people in relation to their indifferent certainty to their familiarity and rooting, just as the motion of the wind prevents the lake from the decay that threatens them with long-term comfort, as well as people – long, or, worse, eternal peace".J. Sorel in "Reflections on Violence" talks about proletarian violence: humanity and kindness is the promotion gimmicks that dominate market relations in society.Today, as reflected in the media and on video – modern society distinguishes its violence essence. But in fact the traditions are immutable: change only the type of offenders and their type of crime. Mass encountered in craftiness, they deserve in society more forgiving attitude. There is "a film adaptation of " artistic, journalistic, documentary works with a clear preponderance of violence in the images of intense creative images. Such "intellectuality" of the criminality was not yet known in the history of mass media, but now is widely seen in wars, terrorist attacks, social "squares". The sad conclusion of F. Furet, french historian: " If you add up the total list of famous authors who at different times were communists or sympathized with communism were the nazis or sympathized with fascism, then we get the current Gotha almanac of intellectual, scientific and literary elite".Everyday life is not worth to deduct to the dissatisfaction of culture. The new phenomenon is that modernity created between violence its hero. ; В статье анализируется понятие "насилие" в мас-медийном контексте, что однозначно указывает на его позиционирование как категории, противоположной "культуре мира". ; У статті аналізується поняття "насилля" у мас-медійному контексті, що однозначно вказує на його позиціонуванні як категорії, протилежній "культурі миру".

The article is devoted to the analysis of the current legislation in Ukraine concerning journalistic activity. The problem studied concerns legal protection for media workers and their responsibility for violating the law.Action area – is a territory where the lives of journalists, military and civilians are at risk. The military correspondent must be not only erudite and have highly intelligent, but also use his practical and theoretical skills. He must have knowledge that he can protect himself physically and legally.The media with its prevalence informative function performing tasks the information function, is a means of transmittings the news especially from the combat zone to the area of peaceful life. Вesides, they are a social instrument controlling public opinion above the government and state.Сonsequently it is extremely important, that all the information provided should be true not only from moral and ethical considerations, but also from the point of view of the law.All current stage the research of the topic of legal protection of journalists belongs to the actively studied topics. However, there is a demand to consider not only legal protection, but also the journalist's legal responsibility, this topic has not received much attention.For instance, there have been as cases when legal ignorance of some correspondents led to them being charged with such offences as treason and in interference military matters.The Constitution of Ukraine, the nation's fundamental laws, clearly defines the rights and freedoms of each individual. But at the same time the Constitution clearly states that this right may be limited to protect the territorial integrity of the Ukrainian state or national security.Work of the journalist in the zone of active military operations is extremely dangerous. During the Russian-Ukrainian armed conflict a lot of journalists have been captured, killed or subjected to violence. It was clearly an unauthorized limitation of their freedom of movement by the Russian mercenaries and militants of pro-Russian groups. Despite the fact that Russia acts contrary to all international norms and laws it does not reduce legal liability of Russian military forces for the committed crimes.So, it is of paramount importance for every journalist to know the laws and regulations which can defend him/her and which are not to be violated under any circumstance.Key words: armed conflict, military correspondent, legal protection, laws. ; Статтю присвячено аналізу діючого законодавства України, яке стосується журналістської діяльності. Розглянуто питання забезпечення правового захисту працівників мас-медіа та їх відповідальності за порушення закону.Ключові слова: зона бойових дій, воєнний кореспондент, правовий захист, закони.

Introduction. There are a lot of sensitive subjects, which should be spoken politically correct. «Political correctness» is defined as a strategy for combating discrimination, and its focus is language. To be politically correct is to choose words that avoid disparaging, insulting or offending people because they belong to oppressed groups. Oppressed groups are those subject to prejudice, disrespect or discrimination on the basis of their race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation or physical disability.Purpose. The aim of the article is to analyze ethnolinguistic and ethnocultural peculiarities of pragmalinguistic category of political correctness in the English and Ukrainian mass media discourse.Methods. The key research method is the method of comparative analysis which, based on the theoretical data about political correctness in the English and Ukrainian languages, helped us to single out the cases of the use of euphemisms in modern English and Ukrainian online periodicals and compare the types of politically correct euphemisms in the two languages. Results. Driven by the culture wars, the phrase «political correctness» (PC) has become contentious in recent years. Political correctness taken to an extreme stifles communication and has created a new class of victims. Many believe that the avoidance of words that may offend, marginalize, or insult a group of people – political correctness – has gone too far. According to PC critics, PC promotes a society of victimhood and endangers the public at large by limiting discussion about controversial subjects. At the end of the 1990s many situations branded as «political correctness gone mad». Anti-political correctness has become a badge of honor to many in the English-speaking countries. Suspicious of carefully crafted rhetoric, they claim to «tell it like it is».The study reveals the influence of «political correctness» on the development of the English and Ukrainian lexis. The evolution and features of the connotation of the category of political correctness in pragmalinguistic and culturological aspects are studied. The results of the study found that, compared to Ukrainian online newspapers and magazines, modern English online periodicals are characterized by a wider use of politically correct lexemes. The number of lexical means depicting sensitive topics in the English mass media is considerably larger than in the Ukrainian mass-media discourse, which proves the topicality of the issue in the English-speaking world.Conclusion. English-speaking countries and Ukraine have common problems in the field of political correctness. In English public discourse and the media, the term «political correctness» is generally used as a pejorative, implying that these policies are excessive. In Ukraine people use the term in different ways but it is mainly used with neutral connotation to describe language, policies, or measures that are intended to avoid offense or disadvantage to members of particular groups in society.The paper findings may be useful for researches who deal with political discourse, comparative analysis, the use of euphemisms within the framework of the theory of political correctness. ; У статті проаналізовано особливості мовної реалізації лінгвопрагматичної категорії політкоректності в англійській та українській лінгвокультурах, визначено суть поняття «політична коректність». Досліджено еволюцію та особливості конотації категорії політичної коректності в прагмалінгвістичному й культурологічному аспектах. Виявлено, що на початку імплементації принципів культури політкоректності в англомовних країнах переважали позитивні культурні конотації. Встановлено появу негативних конотацій у терміні політкоректності під впливом останніх подій у США та світі; виявлено вплив «політичної коректності» на розвиток лексичного складу сучасної англійської та української мов. У роботі продемонстровано неоднозначність сприйняття категорї політкоректності в українському суспільстві та значно меншу актуалізованість даного суспільно-політичного та мовного феномена в українській культурній і мовній традиції.

Стаття присвячена вивченню проблеми маніпулювання у сучасних англомовних ЗМІ. Досліджуються особливості мовного маніпулювання та розглядаються класифікації тактик і стратегій. Під час дослідження були виявлені та систематизовані мовні засоби, що реалізують маніпулятивні тактики та стратегії на матеріалі медіа-текстів політичного спрямування англомовних видань The Independent, The Times, The New York Times,The Los Angeles Times. ; The article focuses on the analysis of manipulation in modern English mass media. The characteristic features of linguistic manipulation are investigated and the classifications of tactics and strategies are examined. The study identified and systematized language means that implement manipulative tactics and strategies in political media texts in modern English newspapers The Independent, The Times, The New York Times, The Los Angeles Times.