Suchergebnisse

One of the important research areas undertaken by political scientists remains the analysis of regime change processes or broadly understood studies on democratization. In addition, from the 1980s and 1990s, systematic research was also started into the situation or role of mass communication in transformational processes, so the purpose of these considerations will be to present and attempt to evaluate selected concepts and research approaches exploring the involvement of the media in the process of political transformation.

The diversification and politicisation of the mass media within itself and also societal pressure created by the mass media at a social level have caused changes to our social structure. The first change began with the contextual changes to the mass media, and this change led to visible changes in societies. That transformation has almost erased the distinction between the private and the public spheres, especially as social media has entered our lives. Now, things that occur in the private sphere are easily transported into the public sphere and others' private spheres. Therefore, the virtual public sphere has emerged through social media and all other practices on the internet. It appears that activist movements have either been founded in the cyberworld or that existing activist movements have been strengthened by finding supporters via social media and blogs. The public sphere and activist movements that come into existence in the virtual environment, such as social media, are a new experience in terms of societies, and they are the sign of how the future will be shaped. It is obvious that social media is now an integral part of our daily lives. It is a place where political and secular ideas spread. In this social area each individual has the opportunity to make political statements as if they were standing in an agora. Shared content represents the position within the virtual life that individuals have built for themselves. This study defines the virtual public sphere together with virtual activism and the network society in the light of the public sphere – private sphere debates.

La necesidad de desarrollar la democracia audiovisual y proponer, como su corolario, prácticas concretas de desactivación de los elementos persuasivos del medio es el objeto de este trabajo. Es sabido que el estudio y visibilidad de las principales estrategias cognitivas y emotivas de la persuasión audiovisual permite la minimización de sus efectos y la lectura más equilibrada e independiente de los mismos. Sin un desarrollo específico de la conciencia crítica ante la persuasión del medio, ésta tarda mucho en aparecer, aparece parcialmente o no aparece nunca. La alfabetización debe tener su espacio en los propios medios con una reserva de programación dedicada a tal fin y unos ciertos contenidos propuestos ; This presentation is based on the necessity for developing audiovisual democracy and for proposing specific practices for the deactivation of media persuasive elements as its consequence. It is known that the study and visibility of the main cognitive and emotive strategies of audiovisual persuasion allow minimization of their effects and a more balanced and independent interpretation. Without a specific training, a critical consciousness against media persuasion may only appear in a long term, may appear partially or even never appear. Literacy must have a space in the very same media with programming time devoted to that aim, incorporating certain proposed contents

Abstract

Examines the role of the collectivist African tradition, reinforced by President Julius K. Nyerere's formal adoption of a communitarian organization of society and a socialist press, in determining journalists' attitude toward the private and government owned media.

Discusses changes evident in US values & culture occurring in the wake of the September 11, 2001, terrorism attacks, especially in a renewed emphasis on the dignity of the individual & civic equality. Historical reference is made to cultural expression in the 1930s-era US.

Questions what has become a conventional argument throughout media studies, especially in Latin America: the idea that mass media, in general, & new telecommunication technologies, in particular, are gradually objectifying a global society. Undoubtedly, modern societies are increasingly interdependent, particularly at a technological & financial scale. Equally it is difficult to find a place on Earth that cannot be reached by cable, satellite, or Internet. However, this does not mean that modern societies are effectively integrating into some kind of "global village," nor that regional or even small-scale cultural identities are being irremediably lost. On the contrary, in the last 2 decades there has been a resurgence of national, regional, ethnic, & religious identities that, while adopting these new technologies, accentuate their own particular discourse & worldview. Adapted from the source document.

The mass media of the first decades of the new millennium (the new media), are characterized not only by the paramount informing function, but they are also distinguished by their ability to interact and influence the target audience in both spontaneous and dramatized modes. Simple navigation and a quick and easy access to their content stand behind the increasing popularity of the new media among younger generation. Modern new media provide the discourse space where young people, or "the millennials", feel as if they are in the centre of various political, social and economic events; the so-called "Big Brothers" having impact on people's life in the society. Taking into account the facts which are directly connected with the existence of the youth in the media discourse space this paper aims to track and analyze the influence of the new media on the bachelor's and master's students' professional self-concept. Our research introduces the working hypothesis that today's media discourse space affects both directly and indirectly on university students, no matter what their future specialization is. Our students' survey was conducted in three Russian higher education institutions: Institute of philology and foreign languages, Moscow Pedagogical State University (MPSU, Moscow); Faculty of Science and Technology, Chelyabinsk State Pedagogical University (CSPU, Chelyabinsk); and Ecological faculty, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (PFUR, Moscow). The survey included the responses of the junior and senior bachelor's students as well as the first and the second year master's students. Young respondents were asked to evaluate the degree of the perceived information credibility, a positive and negative impact of present-day social networks on the younger generation and on their professional future; foreign languages and cultural knowledge; the students' ability to interact with a foreign media discourse space, reading and leaving comments about different events in the Russian and foreign new media. Therefore, we established the correlation between the various types of variables which compose the system of the media discourse space and the students' multiple reactions to their comprehension of the new media. The key influencing factors in the course of information exchange between students' world perception and the media world were defined. The main conclusions about the extent of the new media influence (or its absence) on bachelor's and master's students and their professional development were drawn in the research.

Desde hace unos años América Latina ha elaborado normativas sobre los medios más comprometidas con los intereses ciudadanos, mientras desde Europa se siguen impulsando unas políticas en materia de telecomunicaciones carentes de nuevas propuestas. En un contexto en el que la información se concibe, preferentemente, como un valor económico, los medios masivos construyen identidades y sostienen imaginarios cada vez más alejados de la defensa de los intereses de la ciudadanía. Son necesarias más iniciativas sociales que promuevan el cambio de modelo empresarial mediático a partir de una reforma legislativa, con la que los medios lideren la construcción de nuevos imaginarios más acordes con los tiempos que vivimos. Es preciso una verdadera democratización de la comunicación y una participación activa y continua de la ciudadanía para superar una etapa bajo la quimera del desarrollo. ; In recent years Latin America has drawn up regulations on the most committed to the interests means citizens, while from Europe will continue to drive a few new proposals lacking telecommunications policy. In a context in which the information is conceived, preferably as an economic value, the mass media construct identities and holding imaginary increasingly further away from the defence of the interests of the citizenry. More social initiatives that promote the change of business model media from a legislative reform, with which media lead in the construction of new imaginaries more in keeping with the times in which we live are necessary. A true democratization of communication and an active and ongoing participation of citizens is needed to overcome a stage under the illusion of development.