This qualitative research was conducted by mining the client's behavior by using the theory and method of base mining and database. For this reason, 15 customer theories were applied through Twitter, telegrams and interviews with 10 bank managers from the province of Kurdistan. The compilation of the first topics was done during the coding process and the categories were obtained. Then, in the coding step of the base, the link between the coding paradigms was determined; In the step of selective coding, all the coding paradigms are explained. Compared with previous research, it can be found that the current model eliminates defects of the previous model and offers a complete picture of effective terms on the behavior of the banking client and, finally, offers a model of customer behavior in private and government banks.Customer' behavior, Social Media, Theory Mining Method, Database, Data Mining.
The article begins by exploring these relationships at a conceptual level and then briefly reviews the protection regimes for pluralism in the media in advanced democratic societies, specifically the European Union, the United States, France and the United Kingdom. The final section places the problem in the Chilean context, and proposes a political-legal rationale to incorporate the right to information into national regulations. ; El artículo comienza explorando esas relaciones en el plano conceptual para después revisar brevemente los regímenes de protección del pluralismo en los medios de comunicación en las sociedades democráticas avanzadas, específicamente la Unión Europea, Estados Unidos, Francia y el Reino Unido. La sección final sitúa la problemática en el contexto chileno, y propone una racionalidad político-jurídico para incorporar el derecho a la información a la normativa nacional.
Semiotics deals with habits change as mind effect, as modification trends of a person in relation to the action, but ignores the time of passage, namely the communication event. The political study of domination exercised by the media (media theory) does sociology, it is a study of technologies applicable to the society. The recent appropriation of the media by social basis through networks does not alter the character of its investigation, only suggests a collapse of the pyramid vertical structure to the benefit of its horizontal use. We are therefore still in the "media", in mediatization. There is no reason, therefore, oppose the neologism "midiatizar" to mediatization, it is tautological and only confuses. Communication occurs via the media, it is medial (das Mediale), but is not necessarily mediatic. Is in the medial everything should start. ; La semiótica habla de cambio de hábito como efecto mental, como modificación de tendencias de una persona en relación a la acción, pero ignora el momento del paso, a saber, el acontecimiento comunicacional. El estudio político de la dominación ejercida por los medios de comunicación, la teoría de los media, propuesta por la sociología, es un estudio de tecnologías aplicadas a la sociedad. La apropiación reciente de esos medios por parte de la base social, por las redes, no altera el carácter de ese estudio, apenas sugiere una implosión de la estructura piramidal, vertical, hacia un uso más horizontal. Estamos, por tanto, aún en los "medios", en la mediatización. No se justifica, de este modo, contraponer el neologismo "midiatizar" a la mediatización, pues es tautológico y solo confunde. La comunicación ocurre a través de los medios, ella es medial, pero no es necesariamente mediática. Es por lo medial que todo debe comenzar. ; A semiótica fala de mudança de hábito como efeito mental, como modificação de tendências de uma pessoa em relação à ação, mas ignora o momento da passagem, a saber, o acontecimento comunicacional. O estudo político da dominação exercida pelos ...
In: Metapolítica: revista trimestral de teoría y ciencia de la política ; publicada por: Centro de Estudios de Política Comparada, Band 3, Heft 9, S. 167-175
Media attention on climate change (cc) in developing countries is crucial for understanding the discourses that exist in vulnerable zones. Past research has focused on printed media coverage of cc in western developed countries, but there is little knowledge on online media in developing countries. Using framing theory framework, this study analyses the way in which spanish-speaking online media frames news about cc. We carried out a quantitative content analysis of 889 news items from 97 online media outlets that published news about cc during cop16 (Cancun-2010) and cop17 (Durban-2011). Findings show that the principal sources are politicians and almost half of the news items came from news wire services. The analysis also indicated an association between the quoted source and the news frame. It is discussed that there exists a 'nationalistic domestication' and that media coverage does not respond to local needs. Further qualitative and comparative analyses are suggested
El presente artículo discute y reivindica el papel del cine como objeto de estudio dentro de la Ciencia Política. Se describe el estatus científico de la Ciencia Política contemporánea y el desdén por el estudio del cine dentro de la corriente principal de la Comunicación Política. Además, se introducen los aportes de la Teoría del Discurso de la Escuela de Essex para el análisis político y su marco conceptual central. Finalmente, los autores proponen una estrategia analítica o procedimiento para el análisis político del cine basado en dicha teoría y ofrecen una reflexión sobre sus aspectos epistemológicos.
Con la intención de contribuir al estudio de los fenómenos sociocomunicativos desde la corriente sociológica de la Teoría del Encuadre (Framing), se hace un análisis de memes compartidos en Facebook y Twitter, relacionados con la escasez de gasolina en México durante enero de 2019, derivada del combate al robo de combustible. El objetivo central es identificar la manera como un conjunto de memes en la Internet ha sido empleado para dar lugar a la diseminación y reproducción de encuadres en relación con dicho suceso de alto impacto mediático. Los principales resultados muestran que, a partir de 55 memes registrados, se identificaron dos tipos principales de encuadre: amplificación y extensión de marcos.
After the outbreak of the Syrian war, the armed resistance of the Kurds against the radical Islamists drew considerable attention from across the world. Although the Kurdish movement has a history of forty years of armed fight in the region, especially against Turkey, they gained global fame during the war in Syria. Apart from media attention to the resistance of women, in particular, the establishment of a political system, democratic confederalism, which the world was not familiar with, came to exist in the area liberated from the religious fundamentalists in Syria. The Kurds during the Syrian civil war, on one hand, gained international fame for their fight against the radical Islamists; on the other hand, they put a new theory of governance, democratic confederalism, in practice in northern Syria. This paper seeks to provide a brief review of the theory of democratic confederalism and its practices in Rojava to build an argument regarding its future. This case study aims to explore how and why the theory and practices of democratic confederalism co-exist and which factors may influence the Rojava revolution's future. This review's central argument is that while democratic confederalism is a revolution in the field, it is also an experiment whose future depends on how the people will adopt it and how the global and regional powers will approach it.
This article introduces the Marxist Cultural and Media Studies (MCMS) to Latin America and exposes the main theoretical and epistemological backgrounds of Marxist Cultural and Media Studies. It is analyzed the relationship among the self-organization theory, dialectics and the critical theory, around the study of the Web 2.0 and the social networking sites. Also, it is explained the role of the labour theory of value into the MCMS, as a means to set up the critique of the digital labour, performed by the user of the social networking sites. In this way, it is exposed the concept of Web 3.0 as a means to supersede the Web 2.0, and insofar as a process of democratic participation, based on the construction of alternative media. ; Este artículo introduce los Estudios Marxistas de la Cultura y los Medios (EMCM) a Latinoamérica y expone los principales fundamentos teóricos y epistemológicos de los estudios marxistas de la cultura y los medios. Se analiza la relación entre la teoría de la auto-organización, la dialéctica y la teoría crítica, alrededor del estudio de la Web 2.0 y de los sitios de redes sociales. Además, se explica el rol de la teoría marxiana del valor dentro de los EMCM, como medio para establecer la crítica del trabajo digital alienado realizado por el usuario de los sitios de redes sociales. En este sentido, se expone el concepto de Web 3.0 como medio para la superación dialéctica de la Web 2.0, en cuanto proceso de participación democrática, basada en la construcción de medios alternativos.
Background: Restricting antibiotics sales to those with medical prescriptions only is a central strategy for promoting appropriate use containing antibiotic resistance; however, many low middle income countries have not enforced policies that prevent widespread self medication with antibiotics. In 2010, the Mexican government announced the enforcement of antibiotic sales regulations, a policy that gained media prominence. This study analyzes media coverage of issues, stakeholder representation, positions taken during policy agenda setting, drafting, implementation to shed light on policy making to promote appropriate antibiotic utilization. Methods: We carried out a quantitative content analysis of 322 newspaper articles published between January 2009 December 2010 in 18 national regional newspapers. Additionally, we conducted a qualitative content analysis to underst the positions adopted strategies developed by nine key stakeholders. Framing theory guided the analysis. Results: The Ministry of Health dominated media coverage, justifying the enforcement policy by focusing on risks of self medication, to a lesser degree dangers of increasing antibiotic resistance. Pharmacy associations appeared to be the leading opponents, arguing that the policy created logistical difficulties corruption, and had negative economic impact for pharmacies their clients. The associations developed strategies against the regulation such as attempting to delay implementation installing physicians' consultation offices within pharmacies. While medical associations academic institutions called for a comprehensive strategy to combat antibiotic resistance, improve prescription quality, create public awareness, these issues had little impact on media coverage. Consumer groups legislators received very little media coverage. Conclusions: The narrowly focused polarized media coverage ─centred on problems of self medication and economic impact ─ was a missed opportunity to publicly discuss to develop a comprehensive national strategy on antibiotic use in Mexico. It highlights the need for discussing developing interventions within the framework of a pharmaceutical policy.
The article shows the scarce attention given by the mass sociology to the information production conditions in comparison to the study of mass media discourse. It declares, however, that both types of study should be interrelated and complementary, proposing as a model of investigation the fields theory. This has two advantages to the researcher: first, it allows to distinguish levels in the professional fi eld analysis of journalism, and second, it recognizes the economic, political, discursive, professional and social conditions that determine the journalistic work. ; El artículo pone en evidencia la escasa atención prestada por la sociología de los medios a las condiciones de producción de la información en comparación al estudio del discurso mediático. Afi rma, sin embargo, que ambos tipos de estudio deben ser interrelacionados y complementarios, por lo que propone como modelo de investigación la teoría de campos. Lo anterior presenta dos ventajas al investigador: primero, permite distinguir niveles en el análisis del campo profesional del periodismo; segundo, reconoce las condiciones económicas, políticas, discursivas, profesionales y sociales que determinan el trabajo periodístico.
The article shows the scarce attention given by the mass sociology to the information production conditions in comparison to the study of mass media discourse. It declares, however, that both types of study should be interrelated and complementary, proposing as a model of investigation the fields theory. This has two advantages to the researcher: first, it allows to distinguish levels in the professional fi eld analysis of journalism, and second, it recognizes the economic, political, discursive, professional and social conditions that determine the journalistic work. ; El artículo pone en evidencia la escasa atención prestada por la sociología de los medios a las condiciones de producción de la información en comparación al estudio del discurso mediático. Afi rma, sin embargo, que ambos tipos de estudio deben ser interrelacionados y complementarios, por lo que propone como modelo de investigación la teoría de campos. Lo anterior presenta dos ventajas al investigador: primero, permite distinguir niveles en el análisis del campo profesional del periodismo; segundo, reconoce las condiciones económicas, políticas, discursivas, profesionales y sociales que determinan el trabajo periodístico.
International audience ; The article shows the scarce att ention given by the mass sociology to the information production conditions in comparison to the study of mass media discourse. It declares, however, that both types of study should be interrelated and complementary, proposing as a model of investigation the fi elds theory. Th is has two advantages to the researcher: fi rst, it allows to distinguish levels in the professional fi eld analysis of journalism, and second, it recognizes the economic, political, discursive, professional and social conditions that determine the journalistic work. ; El artículo pone en evidencia la escasa atención prestada por la sociología de los medios a las condiciones de producción de la información en comparación al estudio del discurso mediático. Afi rma, sin embargo, que ambos tipos de estudio deben ser interrelacionados y complementarios, por lo que propone como modelo de investigación la teoría de campos. Lo anterior presenta dos ventajas al investigador: primero, permite distinguir niveles en el análisis del campo profesional del periodismo; segundo, reconoce las condiciones económicas, políticas, discursivas, profesionales y sociales que determinan el trabajo periodístico.
Concerning the Middle Ages it is difficult to distinguish between political theory and the more comprehensive although somewhat vague, ideas of political orientation. The area of political acting was by no means clearly defined. The formation of a political theory in the Middle Ages started relatively late. Political theory took the same road as all the other theoretical attempts in medieval society. The first universities began to spread in a homogenous progress all over Europe. From that time scholasticism provided the unchallenged methodical ideal and the pattern for any systematic thinking. In spite of the differences of faculties, the methods of learning were altogether observed by everyone contributing to in the development of theories. Yet conditions were more difficult in the field of political theory because it was not a discipline of its own from the beginning. It had never been at the cathedral schools and the monasteries in pre-university times, and it took a long time before political theory established itself as an autonomous field of studies. In the Middle Ages nobody could have had the idea that political theory was only possible by way of a single method, faculty or by one tradition alone. Several established disciplines were competing with one another in delivering their own contributions without excluding the others. Thus, political theories were being occupied by different strings of humanities and sciences, and yet none of the disciplines alone could claim to be the only one responsible for political theory. Indeed, all the authors of the late Middle Ages dealing with political theory show in their treatises the process and speed of this occupation by the sciences. ; En la Edad Media es difícil distinguir entre la teoría política y las ideas, más abarcativas pero a la vez bastante vagas, de orientación política. El área de acción política no estaba en absoluto definida de forma clara. La formación de una teoría política en el Medioevo comentó relativamente tarde. La teoría política tomó el mismo camino que todos los otros intentos teóricos en la sociedad medieval. Las primeras universidades comenzaron a desplegarse en un progreso homogéneo alrededor de toda Europa. Desde ese tiempo, la escolástica se erigió como el ideal metódico indiscutible y el modelo para todo sistema de pensamiento. A pesar de las diferencias entre facultades, los métodos de aprendizaje eran observados en conjunto por todos aquellos que contribuían al desarrollo de teorías. Y, con todo, las condiciones eran más difíciles en el campo de la teoría política porque no era una disciplina por sí sola desde el principio. Nunca había estado en las escuelas catedrales o en los monasterios de los tiempos pre-universitarios, y pasó un buen tiempo antes que la teoría política se estableciera por sí misma como un campo de estudios autónomo. En la Edad Media nadie podría haber tenido la idea de que la teoría política solo era posible a través de un método único, o una facultad propia, o por solo una tradición. Varias disciplinas ya establecidas competían una con la otra para prestar sus propias contribuciones sin excluir la de otras. Así, las teorías polítias eran ocupadas por diferentes ramas de humanidades y ciencias, y, con todo, ninguna de estas disciplinas por sí sola podía reclamar ser la responsable de la teoría política. De hecho, todos los autores de fines del Medioevo que trabajaron cuestiones referidas a teoría política presentan en sus tratados el proceso de su ocupación por las ciencias.