Virtue and medicine: explorations in the character of medicine
In: Philosophy and medicine 17
In: Philosophy and medicine 17
The concept of 'evidence-based medicine' dates back to mid-19th century or even earlier. It remains pivotal in planning, funding and in delivering the health care. Clinicians, public health practitioners, health commissioners/purchasers, health planners, politicians and public seek formal 'evidence' in approving any form of health care provision. Essentially 'evidence-based medicine' aims at the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of the current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. It is in fact the 'personalised medicine' in practice. Since the completion of the human genome project and the rapid accumulation of huge amount of data, scientists and physicians alike are excited on the prospect of 'personalised health care' based on individual's genotype and phenotype. The first decade of the new millennium now witnesses the transition from 'evidence-based medicine' to the 'genomic medicine'. The practice of medicine, including health promotion and prevention of disease, stands now at a wide-open road as the scientific and medical community embraces itself with the rapidly expanding and revolutionising field of genomic medicine. This article reviews the rapid transformation of modern medicine from the 'evidence-based medicine' to 'genomic medicine'.
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In: Oxford Medical Handbooks
Increasing popularity of Chinese traditional medicine has resulted in an explosion of herbal product marketing. Such surge in popularity has resulted rampant marketing abuse by manufacturers who has taken advantage of the absence of herbal regulation. Most of the available information provided by the manufacturers is biased towards the therapeutic aspect of the remedies leaving the American public unwary of the potential toxicity that could result from the herb/herb and herb/drug interactions. The situation is further aggravated by the placement of herbal medicine under the category of seemingly benign dietary supplements. In addition, disturbing news of contaminations and herbal substitutions all point to the need for a new parameter set up by the government. Then again, the potential devastation on the baby herbal industry caused by the new regulations is an issue that needs contemplation.
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In: The world today, Band 65, Heft 2, S. 30-31
ISSN: 0043-9134
World Affairs Online
JEL Classification System: M3, I1 ; Portugal, like the rest of the world, is going through a huge economic crisis, in this sense; other types of product emerge to meet consumer needs and the country's economy. In fast moving consumer goods, arise distributors brands, parallel in Pharmaceutical Industry and market, arise brands with Generic medicines. These medications come with a much lower cost to the consumer and present the same quality of the correspondent Brand medicines. In Portugal, these drugs have become a success story, recognized by the European Medicines Association (Gonçalves, 2009), which is related with the governmental measures adopted by governments, since the introduction of this type of medication in Portuguese market, as the creation of reference prices. However, this growth could have been even greater if it had not been observed a low rate of prescription in an initial phase. In this study, in order to understand how to enhance the consumption of these drugs and understand why in many cases Brand medicines are still elected as the first choice, the researcher proposed to observe the consumer due to its active and participatory on their health. As such, through a questionnaire, subjects were approached and questioned regarding the attitude and behavior towards the two types of medications and performed a subsequent statistical analysis. The results of this research focus on consumer perceptions about the Generic drugs, the impact that the sources of information and new technologies have on consumer behavior, perception of quality and sense of security concerning both types of medicines and intent of repeating the purchase in the future. ; Portugal, assim como o resto do Mundo, está a atravessar uma enorme crise económica, neste sentido, surgem outros tipos de produto para fazer face às necessidades do consumidor e à economia do país. No grande conumo surgem as marcas de distribuidor, paralelamente na Indústria e mercado farmacêutico, surgem as marcas de medicamentos Genéricos. Estes medicamentos surgem com um custo bastante inferior para o consumidor e apresentam-se coma mesma qualidade dos medicamentos de Marca correspondentes. Em Portugal, estes medicamentos tornaram-se um caso de sucesso, reconhecido pela Associação Europeia de Medicamentos (Gonçalves, 2009), o que está relacionado com as medidas governamentais adoptadas pelos vários governos, desde a introdução deste tipo de medicamentos no mercado Português, como é o caso da criação de preços de referência. Contudo, este crescimento poderia ter ainda sido maior, caso não se tivesse observado a baixa taxa de prescrição inicial. Neste estudo, de forma a perceber como se poderá aumentar o consumo destes medicamentos e compreender o porquê de em muitos casos ainda serem eleitos como primeira escolha os medicamentos de Marca, o investigador propôs-se a observar o consumidor devido ao papel ativo e participativo que este tem na sua saúde. Como tal, através de um questionário, foram abordados e questionados temas relativos a atitude e comportamento perante os dois tipos de medicamentos e realizada uma posterior análise estatística. Os resultados desta investigação centram-se na percepção do consumidor sobre os medicamentos Genéricos, o impacto que as fontes de informação e novas tecnologias têm no comportamento do consumidor, a percepção de qualidade e sentimento de segurança relativo a ambos os tipos de medicamentos e a intenção de repetição de compra no futuro.
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Abstract The intention of the researcher is to study about the generic medicines and the patented medicines. discusses about the history of patent laws in India, here she does a thorough study of how Indian laws have emerged to be progressive from the erstwhile British laws which did not foster growth and development in India. The researcher then proceeds to talk about the circumstances which led India to amend its Patents act of 1970 in 2005 and the effects of this amendment. Further the researcher focusses on the generic medicines where she talks about how they are manufactured and various factors of genetic medicine. The researcher then proceeds to clear various apprehensions and misconceptions with regard to generic medicines such as its quality and effectiveness and its low price factor in concern to its quality.Moves on to clear the dilemma of majority of Indians of choosing between the generic and patented medicines, here she details on their respective advantages and disadvantages for this purpose. To a name a few - The advantages of generic medicines are cheaper prices, easily available, Bioequivalent and so on while its disadvantages are it halts the innovation, not easy to spell or remember and son; The advantages of patented medicines are high efficiency, promote innovation and so on while its disadvantages areUnaffordability, supports monopolies. Importantly, the researcher deals with various judicial cases relating to IPR in India. Finally concludes this chapter stating that generic and patented medicines support the country in their own way.
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In: Monthly review: an independent socialist magazine, Band 38, Heft 3, S. 61-73
ISSN: 0027-0520
The practice of medicine is examined from radical & orthodox socialist points of view. Medicine's contribution to the maintenance of health & the cure of disease is seen as a function of the need to reproduce the dominant power relations in society. The opposition of the medical profession to the redefinitions of homosexuality (from an illness to a health-neutral status) & abortion (from a solely medical to a social intervention) is illustrative of the bourgeoisie's domination of medicine. The history of this domination is traced, & it is concluded that the practice of medicine "should be based on a different technical & social DofL in which health & medical interventions are undertaken in collaborative rather than exploitative relations.". T. Berke
Family physicians are naturally concerned with the work effects or causes of their patients' health problems. As occupational risk factors have become better understood, however, a new specialty of occupational medicine has been recognized by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1984, two years after the Canadian Board of Occupational Medicine started its own certification. Occupational physicians are available to act as an extension of the family doctor's care and can provide trustworthy medical resources in the workplace. The family physician should be aware of some of the games poorly trained or ill-informed personnel managers may play in the workplace if they have no medical consultant to rely on. New human rights legislation has given more opportunities to rehabilitate workers back to their jobs, and occupational physicians and family physicians can achieve a great deal in co-operation as a result.
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In: The Clinics: Orthopedics v.35-2
In: The Clinics: Orthopedics Ser. v.Volume 35-2
The world of sports medicine faces unique medical ethics issues. In this issue articles will include: Fundamental Ethical Principles in Sports Medicine, Confidentiality in Sports Medicine, Informed Consent in Sports Medicine, Conflicts of Interest in Sports Medicine, Performance enhancing drugs in sports medicine, Gene doping in sports medicine, Ethical considerations for analgesic use in sports medicine, and many more!
In: Kentucky Bicentennial Bookshelf
In: Kentucky Bicentennial Bookshelf Ser
In this informed and entertaining essay, John H. Ellis describes the efforts of physicians and laymen to keep illness at bay during Kentucky's first 200 years. Medicine in Kentucky is part of the Kentucky Bicentennial Bookshelf, ""a celebration of two centuries of the history and culture of The Commonwealth."" John H. Ellis outlines the practice and development of medicine in Kentucky from the state of medical practices during the colonial era and the paucity of trained practitioners, to the frontier doctors of the early days of Westward expansion, to the founding of the first medical school
The discipline of disaster medicine is the study and collaborative application of various health sciences towards the prevention of, preparation for, response to and recovery from health problems arising from a disaster. Because disasters can strike anywhere in the world and can have devastating effects on the community, it is vitally important that the different agencies, government departments and medical disciplines work together to draw up adequate mitigation plans. It is also crucial that each agency is aware of its responsibilities and understands the chain of command in a disaster situation.