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Messenia was one of the core areas of the Middle and Late Helladic culture in Greece. Based on a catalogue of 57 sites, which comprises about 240 tombs, their topographic situation, architectural design and the offerings found in them are analysed. This work provides a contribution to a better understanding of the social hierarchy and political changes in these phases of Greek prehistory. - Die Landschaft Messenien bildete eines der Kerngebiete der mittel- und späthelladischen Kultur Griechenlands. Ausgehend von einem Katalog von 57 Fundorten mit etwa 240 Grabanlagen werden die topographische Situation der Gräber, ihre architektonische Ausgestaltung und die Beigabeninventare analysiert. Dadurch bietet die Arbeit einen Beitrag zum besseren Verständnis der sozialen Hierarchie und der politischen Änderungen in dieser Phase der griechischen Geschichte.

Messenia was one of the core areas of the Middle and Late Helladic culture in Greece. Based on a catalogue of 57 sites, which comprises about 240 tombs, their topographic situation, architectural design and the offerings found in them are analysed. This work provides a contribution to a better understanding of the social hierarchy and political changes in these phases of Greek prehistory.

Main description: Die Einsicht, daß Heroenkulte als zeitlich bedingtes Phänomen aufgefaßt werden müssen, nicht als zeitloses Faktum der griechischen Religion, ist der Horizont, vor dem D. Boehringer seine Untersuchung durchgeführt hat. Da insbesondere für die geometrische und die archaische Epoche kaum Schriftquellen zum Thema vorliegen, hat der Autor das gesamte archäologische Fundmaterial von Heroenkulten - vor allem aus mykenischen Gräbern - als Grundlage seiner Interpretation erfaßt. In deren Mittelpunkt steht die gemeinschaftsstiftende Funktion der Heroenkulte für verschiedene Gruppen der Gesellschaft. D. Boehringer versucht, aus dem Charakter der archäologischen Funde auf die jeweiligen Kultgruppen zu schließen. Deren Auftauchen und Verschwinden interpretiert er im Rahmen der gesellschaftlichen Organisation - des Staatswerdungsprozesses - in dieser für die Geschichte der Griechen wichtigen, prägenden Zeit.

Die Einsicht, daß Heroenkulte als zeitlich bedingtes Phänomen aufgefaßt werden müssen, nicht als zeitloses Faktum der griechischen Religion, ist der Horizont, vor dem D. Boehringer seine Untersuchung durchgeführt hat. Da insbesondere für die geometrische und die archaische Epoche kaum Schriftquellen zum Thema vorliegen, hat der Autor das gesamte archäologische Fundmaterial von Heroenkulten - vor allem aus mykenischen Gräbern - als Grundlage seiner Interpretation erfaßt. In deren Mittelpunkt steht die gemeinschaftsstiftende Funktion der Heroenkulte für verschiedene Gruppen der Gesellschaft. D

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explore how companies can adopt digital humanism (DH), defined as the integration of humanistic skills in the development process of digital technologies, to create value and consequently develop effective business models. Specifically, the aim is to answer the following research question: what are the main DH mechanisms through which companies create value?


Design/methodology/approach
Given the limited understanding of the phenomenon under investigation, a qualitative approach was adopted based on a multiple-case study to explore how companies are embracing DH. The study will focus on three exemplar cases in the use of DH, namely, IBM, Microsoft and SAP, well recognized as three of the market leaders in the IT industry. In addition, the selected companies are recognized as some of the most innovative in their specific industries, hence offering a rich set of information on how to specifically embrace DH.


Findings
This study unveils the main mechanisms through which companies can create value by implementing DH's approaches into their business models.


Originality/value
The originality of this research lies in its focus on how companies integrate DH into their business models. Indeed, the study aims at uncovering the main mechanisms that companies use to integrate DH into their overall business practices. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into how companies can effectively integrate DH into their business models, which could have important implications for creating responsible, sustainable and inclusive solutions that prioritize human needs and values.

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore how incumbents adapt their business models in response to digital innovation whose impact is either incremental or radical and source industry is either their own industry or other industries. The authors propose a conceptual matrix that is built on these two dimensions.


Design/methodology/approach
The authors build examples of four multinational incumbents operating in different sectors and known for their forefront approach to digital innovation to populate the matrix. Cases were chosen because of their polar nature that could provide variation in the two dimensions. The authors draw on a variety of qualitative secondary data sources to build the cases.


Findings
The study reveals how incumbents' response to digital technologies (DTs) may differ depending on the resources or assets (including knowledge-based ones) that need mobilising. Business model changes and innovations may require full reconfiguration of a firm's activity system; hence, one business model may be preferred to others depending on how burdensome the reconfiguration process will be.


Research limitations/implications
As the study is exploratory in nature, the anecdotal evidence provided in the paper are only some of the possible strategic responses of firms. Future studies may further into the dimensions the authors identified by empirically testing their validity with primary data.


Practical implications
The research offers managers and executives of incumbent firms a clear indication as to which elements of their business model ought to be adapted given the opportunities as well as the challenges brought about by DTs.


Originality/value
This research has explored incumbents' response to DTs by primarily focusing on the nature and source industry of the underpinning innovation, besides any consideration of the drivers or processes that may lead to business model change.

AbstractIn order to adhere to the concept of sustainable development, firms are increasingly expected to develop innovations that reconcile economic, environmental, and social goals (i.e., sustainable innovations). However, achieving this goal is not straightforward, and although several studies have attempted to improve our understanding of sustainable innovation, a systematization of extant findings is lacking. Therefore, this paper conducts a literature review with the objective of organizing previous research regarding sustainable innovation. A systematic approach is adopted, identifying 69 relevant articles. These articles are organized according to three key perspectives: internal managerial, external relational, and performance evaluation. The results demonstrate that the first perspective, incorporating diverse managerial aspects, is the most considered, whereas the second and third perspectives remain underdeveloped. The paper concludes with suggestions for future research.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to elucidate the relationship between three types of process innovations (i.e. innovation in production, IT, and logistics processes) and ambidexterity performance. Specifically, the paper attempts to examine whether changes in business processes help companies to reconcile exploration and exploitation learning activities within the firm domain.Design/methodology/approachThis research is based on data of 2,843 manufacturing firms, whose data are available from the Italian Innovation Survey (period 2010-2012). Hypotheses are developed and tested by using a Tobit regression approach.FindingsInnovation in production and IT processes favors ambidexterity performance, whereas changes in logistics activities, despite being positive, are less relevant.Originality/valueThis is one of the first attempts to offer empirical evidence about the relationship between process innovations and ambidexterity performance (without engaging in domain separation), hence providing additional insights into the ambidexterity literature and the literature on process innovation.