Suchergebnisse

A distinct characteristic of the judicial activity of integration courts is that it is aimed not only at resolving legal conflicts, but also at interpreting the law in order to fill the existing gaps. Filling legal gaps may be described as a key function of an integration court. This special characteristic leads to the phenomenon of judicial activism. The study of the case law of integration courts reveals the possibility to formulate activist legal findings using different methods of interpretation. The possibility to use the teleological method of interpretation, which is the most suitable in order to eliminate legal gaps, stems directly from the provisions of the Vienna convention on the law of international treaties. The analysis of the acts of the Court of Justice of the European Union allows to establish a strong correlation between activist approaches and the use of the teleological method of interpretation. However teleological interpretation does not necessarily mean the choice of the most progressive available options. Often the activism manifests itself in the search of a balance between the interests of the integration organization and its Member States. The Court of the Eurasian Economic Union develops activist approaches by using both traditional methods of interpretation and teleological interpretation as well as having recourse to constitutional traditions of the Member States.

The article specifies the place of contrastive linguistics in linguistic
research, how it is different from the other linguistic disciplines based on language
comparison: comparative-historical linguistics, translation studies and typology. In
particular, the author comments on one of the main concepts of contrastive linguistics
formulated by A.A. Reformatsky: when comparing facts of language, one must study those descriptive categories in which these facts are presented in each of the languages.
Using a number of examples of Russian (conjunctions a to, prichem and the
preposition krome), the author shows that comparing languages can lead to a revision
of the categorial apparatus in a particular grammar area of one of them. This becomes
possible due to the development of new contrastive analysis methods, for instance,
unidirectional and bidirectional analysis. Thus, contrastive linguistics can solve not
only practical problems, mostly related to foreign languages teaching, but also
contribute to theoretical language description.

The article discusses the various methods of attracting investment to the level of
the municipality. The analysis of investment activities in the framework of these methods offer a tool, allows one to step up in investment processes in the city of Vologda.

Current trends in fertility are similar in most countries of the world. To reduce the level of fertility, actively manifested since the second half of the last century, important changes in the calendar of births were added. The classical indicators of demographic statistics are more often dealing with the intensity of fertility, to a lesser extent — with the timing of fertility. The authors made an attempt to compile a system of indicators for the timing, which was then used to study the stages and types of ageing of fertility.

The review presents a discussion at the session of the Scientific Council of Moscow State University on the development of modern economic theory and Russian model of social and economic development. The session, held on November 28, 2019 at the Faculty of Economics in Lomonosov Moscow State University, was dedicated to two dates - the 215th anniversary of the Department of Political Economy and the 115th anniversary of N. A. Tsagolov. The topic of scientific discussion: "Interdisciplinary approach - the key to solving theoretical and practical problems of modern time". During the discussion, issues related to interdisciplinary method in economic theory, University traditions and modern experience of interdisciplinary method in economic science were discussed. Speakers also concentrated on the problems of national political economy development, inseparably connected with the history of the Department of Political Economy at the Faculty of Economics in Moscow University. Special attention was paid to the period of the development of the Department under the leadership of N. A. Tsagolov and formation of the scientific school connected with his name. The discussion focused on the interdisciplinary approach developed by "Tsagolov School", the possibility of its development under the conditions of a new scientific and technological revolution, and its role in the effective study of economy and society in the twenty-first century.

The article provides an overview of interactive teaching methods and educational technologies which are used by authors during laboratory work. The possibilities and the practical value of using these methods in higher education are demonstrated.

В статье проведена общая оценка необходимости синтеза реалистичных ландшафтов местности для тренажерных комплексов (ТК) с целью улучшения процесса обучения экипажей военной техники, повышения качества взаимодействия между оператором и ТК. Выделены аспекты, которые говорят о целесообразности проведения обучения на синтезированном ландшафте заданной области. Разработан алгоритм и согласно ему реализована программа для обработки данных цифровой модели местности, результатом которой является карта высот SRTM в проекции Меркатора (эллиптической или Web). На практических примерах показано совпадение наложенного изображения снимка земной поверхности с преобразованной картой высот, что подтверждает корректность описанного метода и его реализации. ; In article the general assessment of need of synthesis of realistic landscapes of terrain for the training complexes (TC) for the purpose of improving of training activity of crews of military equipment, improvement of quality of interaction between the operator and TC is carried out. Aspects which speak about feasibility of carrying out training at the synthesized landscape of the given area are mentioned. The basic data containing geospatial information and methods of operation with them are analyzed. For processing of geospatial data the GDAL/OGR library was used. The area of restriction is set in the KML format. The cartographical projections applied to display of geospatial data are described. The used digital model of terrain (Digital Elevation Model (DEM)) is result of carrying out radar topographical filming (Shuttle radar topographic mission (SRTM)) the most part of the territory of the globe. The data SRTM are organized in the form of the individual rasterized cells, or tile. For training of staff unit, the terrain section suffices usually less than what provides one tile to a surface of SRTM data. The algorithm is developed and according to it the program for data handling of digital model of terrain of which the heightmap of SRTM in Merkator projection is result is realized. For expert monitoring of coincidence, in the raster editor the heightmap is superimposed on the image of a surface. On practical examples coincidence of the imposed image of a picture of an earth surface to the transformed heightmap is shown that confirms a correctness of the described method and its implementation.

The risk in General and in the theoretical understanding of security, in particular, should be considered as an indivisible all-encompassing phenomenon inherent in any activity. Manifestations of interest and analysis require the essence of risk, its features, components and qualities, the interaction of subjective and objective risk, the prerequisites that give rise to risk in real life, aspects of risk assessment. In real financial, economic and managerial practice, the concept of "risk" is applied in any way and not necessarily correct. This is due, first of all, to different objective reasons (risk is a complex manifestation, which has a large number of non-matching grounds); second, different subjective reasons (attitude to risk).