Suchergebnisse

Regulatorni okvir za usluge vodoopskrbe u raznim zemljama Balkana ne osigurava potrebnu razinu samoodrživosti pružanja ovih usluga, pa države traže potrebna poboljšanja. Uprave pružatelja usluga vodoopskrbe obično ukazuju na to da je visina cijene ključna za njihovo poslovanje, uz navođenje kao važne i razine neprihodovane vode, broja i stručnosti zaposlenih, eventualno i naplate potraživanja. Štoviše, i visoke razine neprihodovane vode se često pravdaju postojećom niskom cijenom, za koju se tvrdi da ne može pokriti sve troškove, pa je prva aktivnost koja obično ostaje bez financijskih sredstava redovna obnova i rekonstrukcija mreže, što uzrokuje rast curenja u mreži iz godinu u godinu. Budući da se svako potrebno pokrivanje troškova može osigurati dovoljnim porastom cijene i odgovarajućim stupnjem naplate, uprave vodoopskrbnih poduzeća često ističu da zakonodavstvo EU poziva na "pokrivanje troškova" kao jedno od ključnih načela za određivanje vodnih tarifa. Štoviše, formulacija se često proširuje na "pokrivanje svih troškova", naglašavajući tako da nisu samo operativni troškovi oni koje treba pokriti. No istodobno se vrlo ograničeno ukazuje na ostala ključna načela koja bi zadržala cijenu vode opravdanom i priuštivom. U radu se raspravlja o nekoliko dodatnih načela koje treba poštovati, kao i njihovu vidljivost u pravnom okruženju odabranih zemalja zapadnog Balkana. ; Regulatory framework for water supply services in different Balkan countries does not provide the necessary level of self-sustainability of these services, and they are searching for the needed improvements. Management of water supply service providers usually point out the tariff rates as critical to their operations, together with the level of non-revenue water, staff number and expertise and eventually collection of receivables. Even more, high non-revenue water is often justified with existing low tariff, claiming that it cannot cover all costs and the first activity that is usually left without financial resources is regular renewal and reconstruction of the network, causing real network losses grow year after year. Since any needed costs recovery can be assured with sufficient rise of price and adequate collection rate, water supply managers often underline that the EU legislation requests for "cost recovery" as one of the key principles of tariff setting. Even more, wording is often extended to "full cost recovery", thus stressing that it is not only operational costs to be recovered. But at the same time limited observations are made to other key principles that would keep the tariff justified and affordable. The paper discusses several additional principles to be observed, as well as their visibility within the legal environment of the selected Western Balkan countries.

In the contemporary society, creativity is one of the most desirable abilities which an individual can possess in all the fields of human activity. On the other hand, educational policy and national curriculums marginalize the importance of art subjects in most countries in the world, while the advantage is given to STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering, mathematics). Although creativity, according to many educational standards, is one of the key abilities, in teaching practice routine activities are still valued more than creative ones. However, it is the art subjects which develop creativity (constructive) potential within an individual, although this also heavily depends on a teacher/professor, on his/her methodological approach and abilities within the scope of professional activity. Therefore, we conducted empirical research in Visual Arts Teaching Methodology training and non-training primary schools. We expected that we would foster students' development of creativity through regular collaboration with university, problem-based learning of art and artistic language, inventiveness in creating art assignments and through increasing public awareness of harmfulness of stereotypical artistic expression. Among a large number of verified tests of creativity, Urban-Jellen test "The Test for Creative Thinking - Drawing Production (TCT-DP)", which is based on the activity of drawing, was selected and used in this study. We wanted to know whether there was a statistically significant difference between training and non-training schools in students' performance on the test used to examine the level of creativity. The level of statistically significant difference between the control group and the experimental group was determined by a chi-squared test. The research has been carried out in elementary schools in the area of the city of Zagreb, on the sample that included the students of fourth and eighth grade. The results of the research indicate that there is a possible influence of collaboration between the mentors and university professors and students of teacher-training college within the scope of Visual Arts Teaching Methodology course on students' creativity. ; U suvremenom je društvu kreativnost jedna od najpoželjnijih sposobnosti koju pojedinac posjeduje u svim područjima ljudskog djelovanja. S druge strane, obrazovna politika i nacionalni kurikuli u većini zemalja svijeta umjetničke predmete marginaliziraju po važnosti, a prednost se daje STEM (engl. science, technology, engineering, mathematics) disciplinama. Iako je, prema mnogim obrazovnim standardima, kreativnost jedna od ključnih kompetencija u nastavničkoj praksi, i dalje se vrednuju rutinske više nego kreativne aktivnosti. Upravo umjetnički predmeti u obrazovanju razvijaju u pojedincu kreativni (stvaralački) potencijal, ali to uvelike ovisi i o učitelju/nastavniku, o njegovu metodičkom pristupu i kompetencijama u okviru profesionalnog djelovanja. Stoga smo proveli empirijsko istraživanje u mentorskim (za Metodiku likovne kulture) i nementorskim osnovnim školama. Očekivalo se da će se redovitom suradnjom s fakultetom, putem likovnojezične problemske nastav, inventivnosti u osmišljavanju likovnih zadataka i osvještavanjem problematike štetnosti stereotipnog likovnog izražavanja utjecati na razvoj kreativnosti kod učenika. Između većeg broja provjerenih testova kreativnosti, upotrijebljen je Urban - Jellen "The Test for Creative Thinking - Drawing Production (TCT-DP)", koji se temelji na crtačkoj aktivnosti. Zanimalo nas je postoji li statistički značajna razlika između mentorskih i nementorskih škola u rješavanju testa kojim se ispituje stupanj kreativnosti. Stupanj značajnosti razlike između kontrolne i eksperimentalne skupine statistički je utvrđen hi-kvadrat testom. Istraživanje je provedeno u osnovnim školama na području Grada Zagreba, na uzorku koji je obuhvaćao učenike četvrtih i osmih razreda. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na moguć utjecaj suradnje učitelja mentora sa sveučilišnim nastavnicima i studentima učiteljskih studija u okviru Metodike likovne kulture na kreativnost učenika.

Razina ekonomske slobode svake se godine mjeri putem jedinstvene svjetske metodologije. Na taj je način kanadski Fraser Institute razvio sustavni pristup javnim politikama koje utječu na opseg javne potrošnje i državne imovine, visinu glavnih poreza, inflaciju, slobodnu trgovinu, na regulaciju poslovanja, tržišta rada i kredita te ostala mjerena područja. Takav policy okvir može biti koristan za dizajniranje strukturnih prilagodbi kojima se poduzetnike može osloboditi od prekomjernog utjecaja i troška države. Također, smanjivanjem i ograničavanjem uloge države ekonomske slobode doprinose poboljšanju institucionalnog okvira za slobodno tržište. U konačnici, ekonomske slobode usko su vezane uz geopolitiku. ; The level of economic freedom is measured each year through a unique world methodology. This way, Canadian Fraser Institute has developed a systematic approach to public policies which affect the scope of public expenditure and state assets, level of major taxes, inflation, free trade, business regulation, labor and credit market and other measured areas. Such policy framework can be useful for designing structural adjustments by which enterprises could be freed from excessive involvement and cost of government. Moreover, by reducing and limiting the role of government economic freedom contributes the institutional framework for free market. Finally, economic freedom is closely related to geopolitics.

Izrada civilnih topografskih karata tradicionalno nije bila u nadležnosti institucija u Bosni i Hercegovini. Takve karte izrađivane su u Vojno geografskom institutu u Beogradu – vojnoj instituciji Socijalističke Federativne Republike Jugoslavije. Međutim proizvodnja tzv. osnovnih državnih karata bila je u nadležnosti državnih geodetskih (kartografskih) instituta. Osnovne topografske karte (u Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine - FBiH) nisu ažurirane više od 20 godina. Stoga je odlučeno da je umjesto ažuriranja postojećih karata, potrebno izraditi nove topografske karte uz pomoć dostupnih izvora i novih tehnologija. U radu se daje prijedlog za stvaranje nove metodologije izrade osnovne topografske karte u mjerilu 1: 5000 i 1: 10000. Potrebno je naglasiti da je Federalna uprava za geodetske i imovinsko-pravne poslove Bosne i Hercegovine (FGU) inicirala stvaranje osnovnih pretpostavki suvremenog razvoja u području katastra i kartografije donošenjem strategije razvoja katastra i topografskih modela, modela podataka katastra nekretnina i distribucija podataka putem geoportala FGU itd. ; Production of civilian topographic maps is, traditionally, not common in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Such maps were produced by the Military Geographical Institute in Belgrade – military institution of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (ex-YU). However, production of the so-called basic state maps was reserved for civil surveying (cartographic) institutes. Basic topographic maps (in Federation Bosnia and Herzegovina - FB&H) have not been updated for more than 20 years. Due to that fact, it has been concluded that, instead of updating the existing maps, it is necessary to develop new metrology for creating topographic maps by using the available sources and new technologies. This paper provides a proposal for creating a new methodology for developing basic topographic maps at 1:5000 and 1:10000 scales. It is also necessary to emphasise that the Federal Administration for Geodetic and Property Affairs (FGA) initiated the creation of fundamental assumptions for contemporary development in the fields of cadastre and cartography. So, the FGA adopted the development strategies, cadastre and topographic models, established the real estate cadastre database and geoportals, etc.

The article presents the research tradition of interpretive policy analysis. After the academic context from which it can be understood is sketched & important theoretical influences which shape its theoretical field are roughly identified, arguments from the works of its main authors, establishing interpretive policy analysis as a paradigm for public policy research, are presented. With the help of categories of ontology, epistemology & methodology, its main characteristics are then schematized. In the end, the question from the article's heading is answered. It is concluded that equating interpretive policy analysis with the political program of deliberative democracy is not necessary & probably not advisable as well. Tables, References. Adapted from the source document.

Theodor Lowi 1969 marked the end of a "Big Government" era in American politics & theory. In 2001, he announced the end of fundamentalist laissez-faire approaches in recent politics & theory, especially in the field of globalization & the world corporate system. He argues that political science with political economy provides a better understanding of these processes & phenomena than economics without political economy. Here, Strpic accepts "Lowi's challenge" & formulates with him an "agenda for a new global politics" & an "agenda for a new global political economy." He refers to a few recent articles & a book of his own, where he already has done it, & also reminds us of his immediate & accurate politico-economic forecasting of the actual change in American politics after the terrorist attack on the US, & the absence of a great economic crisis, which leading American economists realized only a few weeks later. 26 References. Adapted from the source document.

Prvi iz niza od četiri teksta o odnosu metodologije povijesti političkih ideja i tumačenja, problematiziranom na primjeru Machiavellijeva Vladara, bavi se Leom Straussom. I Straussova metoda i njegovo čitanje Machiavellija snažno su obilježili raspravu koja se o tim temama vodila u drugoj polovini 20. stoljeća. Cilj je teksta pokazati vezu između Straussova metodološkog polazišta i na njemu utemeljene interpretacije. U uvodnom dijelu prvoga teksta razmatra se Straussova metodološka pozicija, najprije s obzirom na svoj općenitiji oblik iznesen u djelu Progoni i umijeće pisanja, a potom i u pogledu njezina specifičnog oblika u kojem je prisutna u studiji posvećenoj upravo Machiavelliju, Misli o Machiavelliju. Središnji dio rada odnosi se na Straussovo tumačenje Vladara. Zaključno se Straussova metodologija i njegova interpretacija Machiavellija suočava s kritikama koje su uputili Quentin Skinner, J. G. A. Pocock i Claude Lefort, trojica autora s čijim ćemo se tumačenjima sučeliti u sljedećim tekstovima. ; the first in a series of four articles on the relation between history of political ideas' methodology and interpretation, discussed on the example of Machiavelli's The Prince, deals with Leo Strauss. Both his method and reading of Machiavelli proved to have a deep impact on the discussion of those themes in the second half of the twentieth century. The aim of the article is to show the connection between Strauss' methodological standpoint and interpretation based on it. In the introductory part of the article I will discuss Strauss' methodological point of view: first in respect of its more abstract version expounded in Persecution and the Art of Writing and then regarding its more specific form developed in his study devoted to Machiavelli himself, Thoughts on Machiavelli. The central part deals with Strauss' interpretation of The Prince. Finally, in the last part Strauss' methodology and his interpretation is confronted with critiques that were formulated by Quentin Skinner, J. G. A. Pocock and Claude Lefort, the three authors with whose methodological standpoints and interpretations of The Prince we will engage in the following articles.

The article brings up the basic issues of comparative public policy, a separate research orientation in contemporary political science. First, the principal works that have defined this research discipline are looked into. The contributions of two subdisciplines of contemporary political science -- public policy & political economy -- are highlighted. The second part of the article investigates the fundamental methodological issues, synthesized into two basic dilemmas: what should be understood under the term government activity, & how it is possible to measure this performance. The author is of the opinion that most works from the field of comparative public policy are largely devoted to the comparison of governments' financial activities, which are the easiest to measure due to a broad accessibility of the data on public expenditure, public sector growth, unemployment, etc. Referring to the Canadian author Louis Imbeau, the author stresses the need for a broader understanding of comparative public policy that would include those comparisons that do not exclusively rely on governments' financial activities. 2 Tables, 34 References. Adapted from the source document.