Suchergebnisse

Methdological bases and structure of the National Guard of Ukraine operative art theory (tactics theory) method are considered. ; Наведенi методологiчнi основи i структура методу теорiї оперативного мистецтва (теорії тактики) Нацiональної гвардiї України.

Methdological bases and structure of the National Guard of Ukraine operative art theory (tactics theory) method are considered. ; Наведенi методологiчнi основи i структура методу теорiї оперативного мистецтва (теорії тактики) Нацiональної гвардiї України.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the political modernization process, its theories and ways of development. The successful development of political modernization creates the country image of a modernized society. For the present, this term is actively under discussion. The study of the "modernization" concept uses diverse approaches. Many researchers believe it to be a process of building up a modern state. Taken into consideration this circumstance, the purpose of this article lies in the scientific sociological teaching significance and the political modernization process development within societies. The article uses the comparative analysis method in order to approach the study the "modernization" concept as well as the activity result analysis method having addressed to the indicators system that characterize the modernization role within society, the study of its factors and the reasons for their development and changes. The result of this study is an analysis of various theories about and approaches to different scientists studies concerning a political modernization process.

Introduction.The large-scale use of auctions today in various fields, while avoiding distortions in the behavior of economic agents is considered by scientists as one of the effective tools to improve public welfare. Research conducted by Nobel Laureates in Economics 2020 Paul Milgrom and Robert Wilson has made it possible to rethink the possibilities of reformatting auctions to ensure the maximum benefit from their holding for all subjects. P. Milgrom and R. Wilson demonstrated how the technically complex«constructions» of economics to build optimal auction designs make it possible to obtain complete material benefits for society.Prupose.To substantiate the specifics of auction theory, the formats of the latter and the contribution to their development of P. Milgrom and R. Wilson - winners of the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2020.Methods. During the preparation of the article general scientific research methods were used: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, as well as the method of formalization, which greatly contributed to the possibility of identifying the specifics of auction theory, their formats and substantiation of scientific achievements of Nobel Laureates in Economics P. Milgrom and R. Wilson in the development of theory and practice of auctions.Results. Research by P. Milgrom and R. Wilson, awarded the Nobel Prize «for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats»), prove that auction theory is an effective tool for regulators and governments of different countries that are interested in finding ways to most effectively use certain assets. Unlike most economic models, which usually require simplification and abstraction, the conclusions of scientists in auction theory can be applied in a specific practical area - from trade in raw materials and securities - to public procurement, tenders, subsoil and radio frequency, online advertising, etc. While previous researchers, including W. Vickrey and R. Myerson, devoted their work to private value auctions (when for each buyer the value of the object is known only to him and does not depend on the opinion of other auction participants), R. Wilson in the late 1960s, focused on the analysis of auctions with common value (when the object is of equal value to all auction participants, but each of them may have its own unique information about it). In particular, at auctions for the right to produce oil in a certain area, its value for all bidders is the same, but information on the field reserves and the specifics of the area may be different. R. Wilson also argued what should be the behavior of a rational bidder to avoid the so-called «winner's curse» (a situation in which the winner of the object will pre- set an excessively high price, if guided solely by their own assessment of profits). Radio frequency auctions in the United States are the largest and best-known example of the practical application of the findings of R. Wilson and P. Milgrom, which made the previously inefficient and virtually free distribution of licenses a way to win for sellers and buyers and society as a whole.Discussion. Auction theory will continue to develop in the future, taking into account the new challenges posed, in particular, the need to develop tools and mechanisms for conducting virtual auctions in order to adequately adapt to digital reality. The need to develop a «road map» to address the shortcomings inherent in the existing auction formats in terms of taking into account the accelerated development of technology, increasing mobility, globalization and digitalization of the economy.

The article considers theoretical, methodical and organizational aspects of teaching of economic disciplines in the modern college. The role of innovative approaches and active methods of teaching of economic disciplines in formation of readiness of future specialists to professional activity, their economic thinking and economic behavior is clarified. The necessity of the use of interactive methods of teaching of economic disciplines for students of the college is grounded. The methods of interactive learning and their organizational-methodical forms are considered, which are the most optimal for application in a certain type of occupations during preparation of specialists. The use of the latest technologies in the practical work of teachers of economic disciplines, in particular, their use in lectures and practical classes during the study of the courses "Economic Theory" and "Political Economy" at the Volyn College of the National University of Food Technologies was analyzed. It is determined that interactive methods of teaching intensify the student's attention, his creative abilities, develop his ability to communicate and defend his thoughts and positions, create favorable conditions for the student's education in the group, his self-education, and the establishment of constructive partnerships among all subjects of the educational process.

The article confirms that at the present stage of the development of domestic military science, the simulation of military operations is an important tool for predicting the possible results of a military conflict with the subsequent development of recommendations for its planning and management. It is determined that other mathematical methods provide ample opportunity to solve particular problems in the implementation of the principles of military art. Using various mathematical methods and electronic computer technology, it is possible to develop quantitative recommendations for making decisions in various combat situations.The possibility of using queuing systems techniques for modeling the combat operations of mobile combat robots is shown. The use of such techniques made it possible to obtain an analytical description of the final probabilities for an incompletely accessible queuing system and to expand the possibilities of taking into account the conditions for fulfilling the combat tasks of military units equipped with mobile combat robots. For this purpose, a model is described and considered that describes the battle when the firing is conducted on the observed targets and, in the event of a target hit, the fire is instantly transferred to the unaffected one. This model is illustrated by a functional diagram that clearly shows the work on the targets of five of the same type of mobile combat robots. In this case, the identification of targets is carried out by an exponential law with a function of distributing the service time of the target and the average intensity of their detection and destruction.The characteristics of the efficiency of the queuing system in a stationary (steady state) mode, that is, with an unlimitedly growing time of its operation, are determined. Two coefficients have also been introduced that will characterize the relationship between the duration of the strike phase and the time of the entire process of serving the target. Based on the research, for example, the corresponding calculations were carried out and the boundaries of the possible use of a group of mobile combat robots, consisting of five units, for the military unit were outlined. The workload of each machine and, accordingly, the efficiency of the unit as a whole are determined, recommendations are given on their quantitative composition. ; У статті доведено, що на сучасному етапі розвитку вітчизняної військової науки моделювання бойових дій є важливим інструментом для прогнозування можливих результатів бойового зіткнення з подальшим виробленням рекомендацій щодо його планування та ведення. Визначено, що інші математичні методи дають широкі можливості вирішення часткових завдань під час реалізації принципів військового мистецтва. За допомогою різних математичних методів та електронної обчислювальної техніки є можливість виробляти кількісні рекомендації для прийняття рішень у різних бойових ситуаціях. Розглянута можливість застосування методик систем масового обслуговування для моделювання бойових дій мобільних бойових роботів. Застосування таких методик дозволило отримати аналітичний опис фінальних ймовірностей для неповно доступної системи масового обслуговування та розширити можливості врахування умов виконання бойових завдань військових підрозділів, які оснащені мобільними бойовими роботами. З цією метою приведена та розглянута модель, що описує бій, коли стрільба ведеться по спостережуваних цілях і, у разі ураження цілі, вогонь миттєво переноситься на неуражені. Ця модель проілюстрована функціональною схемою, яка наочно показує роботу по цілях п'яти однотипних мобільних бойових роботів. При цьому виявлення цілей здійснюється за показниковим законом з функцією розподілу часу обслуговування цілі та середній інтенсивності їх виявлення й знищення.Визначені характеристики ефективності роботи системи масового обслуговування у стаціонарному (усталеному) режимі, тобто при необмежено зростаючому часі її роботи. Також уведено два коефіцієнти, які характеризуватимуть відношення між тривалістю фази нанесення удару та часом всього процесу обслуго­вування цілі. На основі проведених досліджень для прикладу були проведені відповідні розрахунки та окреслені межі можливого застосування групи мобільних бойових роботів, яка складається з п'яти одиниць, для військового підрозділу. Визначена завантаженість кожної машини і, відповідно, ефективність підрозділу в цілому, надані рекомендації щодо їх кількісного складу.

Introduction. Basically, the issues of economic security are considered at the macroeconomic level. Attention focuses on the segment, sectoral approach in the study of the problem, which in turn makes it impossible for economies of European countries to fully prepare for the existing threats. In this connection, there is a need for further study of the issue especially in the context of macroeconomics as a segment of mega European economic system. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze different points of view regarding the concepts of economic security of the state. Methods. Causal method, methods of analysis and synthesis of historical and logical methods. Results. The economic security providing is the main topic of the article. Comprehensive analysis of modern and former views on the given question was conducted in its historical transformation. Various approaches of determining economic security were considered. The best model of ensuring the economic security was offered for Ukraine. The need of close cooperation of Ukraine with the European Union was proved. Originality. It was determined that the choice of models providing economic security should be determined according to the stages of development. Detailed classification of the stages of development of countries in violation of the objective economic laws and mechanisms of influence on the management of economic and financial systems criminogenic factors is offered. Conclusion. The issues of economic security are considered at the macroeconomic level. Attention focuses on the segment, sectoral approach in the study of the problem, which in turn makes it impossible for economies of European countries to fully prepare for the existing threats. In this connection, there is a need for further study of the issue especially in the context of macroeconomics as a segment of mega European economic system. The question was researched considering stable social and political situation in the country as well as in the whole world. The research to provide economic security as the basis for national security was not carried out under conditions of social and political crisis, war.

У статті проаналізовано, систематизовано та узагальнено найбільш поширені методи психологічного впливу на поведінку споживача, які можуть використовуватися в рекламі. Розкрито сутність і особливості кожного із методів. Особливу увагу приділено способам і технологіям використання даних методів в сучасній рекламі для формування необхідної поведінки споживачів. Визначено ситуації, в яких застосування окремих методів є найбільш дієвими, та фактори, які впливають на їх використання. Дане дослідження носить теоретично-практичний характер. На основі досліджень підприємства і рекламодавці зможуть ознайомитися з аспектами сучасної теорії і практики психології щодо реклами та краще зорієнтуватися в сучасному рекламному виробництві. Також результати дослідження допоможуть зрозуміти яка реклама, яким чином і який вплив здійснює на психіку людини для того, щоб створювати психологічно грамотну і ефективну рекламу. ; Modern advertising is aimed to change the customers' behavior to goods on the market and stimulate them to do the purchase of it. Advertising is one of the main means to impact on the customers' behaviour, to obtain a benefit and effective tools for development of an individual company and field in total. Advertising has a significant psychological and socio-cultural impact on customers, inducing them to certain actions. From the point of view of psychology, advertising is one of the possible mediators between the need and is the subject that could satisfy it. The various methods of psychological impact on the customer are used to increase the advertising impact and effectiveness of the advertisement itself. Such methods are persuasion, suggestion, psychoanalytic method, ericonic hypnosis, neurolinguistic programming, linguistic manipulation, socio-psychological settings, stereotypes, identification, mechanism of "aureola", imitation, psychological infection, advertising shows and technology of the 25th frame. In the article we have revealed the essence and features of each method. We paid special attention to the methods and technologies of using these methods in modern advertising to form the necessary consumers' behavior. We have found that the attitude of scientists and practitioners to use of these methods is ambiguous. Some are convinced of the efficiency and utility of these methods. The second, on the contrary, argue that the use of most methods is ineffective, because the main driving force of consumers' behavior is the objective needs of man. Others believe that the effectiveness of methods of psychological influence depends on certain circumstances, as well as the level, nature and technology of using the methods themselves. We concluded that in the process of creating modern advertising used and closely intertwined various methods of psychological influence, the nature of which can be positive and negative. Psychologically competent, positive advertising does not destroy the psyche and promotes the formation of positive thinking of the consumer. Positive advertising is a psychologically competent advertisement that attracts the attention of the customer, shapes his behavior, and shows the benefits of the product, the uniqueness, the need for the product through the knowledge of the basics of psychology, and elementary information about the psychology of the individual. The research of methods of psychological influence and possibilities of their use in advertising involves the solution of a number of topical issues: scientific, technological, ethical, legislative and others. This research is theoretically practical. On the basis of a research, companies and advertisers will be able to get acquainted with the aspects of modern theory and practice of psychology with regard to advertising and better orientation in modern advertising production. Also, the results of the study will help you understand what is advertising, how and which impact does on the human psyche in order to create psychologically competent and effective advertising.

Any mathematical model is the interpretation of natural, technological, mental process in mathematical language. In scientific researches one faces interpretations method at every step. It is sufficient to mention the graph theory, analytic geometry, differential equations, Laplace transformation, Fourier transformation, encoding theory etc. As a rule in the interpretations method the problem of one branch of mathematics is interpreted in other branch, where it is either simplified or better responds to our intuition or allows usage of other approaches etc. We paid our attention to Gaussian quadratures not only because they are used in modern standard programs of integration. We made sure that there is certain didactic potential in Gaussian quadratures, which can be useful for those who study and teach mathematical modelling. We have selected problems in which nodes of Gaussian quadrature appear unexpectedly as a result of received solution. Traditionally the search of nodes and weighting factors of Gaussian quadrature involves making and solving the system of (non-linear!) algebraic equations, while simple mathematical folklore requires more 'trivial' proves which are good for simple understanding. Simple quadrature formula of Gauss (two nodes of integration) has been reviewed in the work. Examples of problems which contain latent connection to Gaussian quadrature are given. These problems are peculiar combination of simplicity and non-triviality in which a reader can find something interesting to his/her taste. It is natural that every problem is formulated on two 'canonic' intervals: [-1, 1] and [0, 1], to cover two versions of quadrature: Gauss-Legendre and Gauss-Bernoulli ones. Reviewed examples give new subjects for reflections and observations. It is worth noting that approaches suggested in the work has been successfully tested for 'clearness + briefness + convenience' among students of higher education institutions. We agree with the point of view of Lithuanian mathematician R. Kashuba who thinks that interpolations method contributes to spread of democracy because it improves the ability to change point of view. ; Будь-яка математична модель насправді є інтерпретацією природного, технологічного, розумового процесу математичною мовою. В наукових дослідженнях метод інтерпретацій зустрічається на кожному кроці. Достатньо нагадати про теорію графів, аналітичну геометрію, диференціальні рівняння, перетворення Лапласа, швидке перетворення Фур'є, теорію кодування тощо. В методі інтерпретацій, як правило, задача однієї області математики інтерпретується в іншій області, де вона або спрощується, або більше відповідає нашій інтуїції, або дозволяє використання інших підходів і т. ін. Ми звернули увагу на квадратури Гаусса не тільки тому, що саме вони використовуються в сучасних стандартних програмах інтегрування. Ми переконалися, що в квадратурах Гаусса є певний дидактичний потенціал, який може бути корисним для тих, хто вчиться і навчає математичному моделюванню. У роботі розглядається проста квадратурна формула Гаусса (два вузли інтегрування). Наведено приклади задач, в яких існує латентний зв'язок із квадратурою Гаусса. Ці задачі – своєрідна комбінація простоти і нетривіальності, в якій читач може знайти щось цікаве на свій смак. Природно, що кожна задача формулюється на двох "канонічних" інтервалах: [-1, 1] і [0, 1], щоб охопити дві версії квадратури: Гаусса-Лежандра і Гаусса-Бернуллі.

Actuality. Management as a phenomenon of culture and an exclusively unique object of scientific knowledge occupies a special place in the life of society. As historical development of mankind is complicated as organizational structures, as well as the culture of management and a set of theories that describe them. However, modern science does not take into account that radical changes in organizational reality occur not continuously, but during the bifurcation of civilization. A specific culture that arose precisely in such conditions is mechanistic management, the study of which is devoted to this article. Purpose and methods. The purpose of the article is a theoretical and historical analysis of the culture of mechanistic management, the identification of the basic determinants of the genesis of this management culture and the formation of the main directions of its development in conditions of industrialism. The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical principle of cognition, systemic, civilization, historical approaches to the study of social phenomena and processes, and the fundamental provisions of the theory of management. Results. The objective preconditions of the formation of a culture of mechanistic management are determined: European science and mechanism arising from the Newtonian picture of the world – the presentation of organizational reality as a machine, as well as atomism, rationalism and social Darwinism as a "natural law" about inter-species struggle; Protestant ethics as a justification of profit; political economy, which introduced the economy in the form of a machine operating under the laws of Newtonian mechanics; great scientific and technical discoveries, demanding new forms of organization of production. The essence of the article is given, comparative characteristics are given and prospects of further application of the main directions of culture of mechanistic management: scientific organization of labor and management are outlined; administrative management; the ...

Introduction. A key element of the study of economic relations in the high-quality animal products market is the disclosure of the theoretical and methodological bases of pricing. Pricing processes directly affect the results of public reproduction in the agricultural sector, determine the satisfaction of the population's needs for basic animal products. The problems of securing high rates of livestock intensification in the current conditions and raising the standard of living of the population cannot be solved without establishing an effective pricing mechanism and harmonization of price proportions in the agro-industrial complex.The purpose of the article is to determine the principles and methods of pricing for high quality animal products in modern conditions.Results. The need to develop a systematic concept of price based on the study of the impact on the price of a number of interrelated factors is substantiated. To substantiate this concept, the toolkit for the concept of alternative value of goods was used. It is proved that price is a form of monetary value of goods. It is formed under the influence of a system of pricing factors (economic, technological, psychological, political, etc.) that have different orientations and potentials of influence depending on a particular situation for a certain period of time. The pricing process is related not only to production but also to market conditions. The principles and methods of pricing for high quality livestock products in modern conditions are determined. The basic principles of pricing, along with the scientific, goal-oriented, continuity, include the principles of proportionality and adequacy. It is concluded that the application of pricing methods with a focus on demand and competition in the context of large scale falsification of products, with the predominance of oligopolistic environment does not ensure the establishment of a price for high quality animal products, which will guarantee at least a simple reproduction.Originality. Theoretical approaches to substantiating the systematic concept of pricing for high-quality livestock products have been further developed. Such approaches are a logical continuation of the part of economic theory that has been called value theory by prominent representatives of economic thought. A conceptual clause has been formed whereby value as an economic category expresses the subjective aspect of the perception of the goods, both by the consumer (on the basis of its usefulness, rarity), and by the producer (on the basis of awareness of the alternative value of the goods, i.e. the value of lost opportunities from alternative use of resources).Conclusions. The existing animal husbandry support methods in Ukraine are insufficient and ineffective and do not provide equivalent cross-sectoral exchange. Partial compensation for interest rates on loans, some subsidies for livestock production and milk production, and partial compensation for fixed assets indirectly influence the increase in animal products production. For a commodity producer, the main motive for his activity is to obtain income from the sale of products, at the expense of which it is possible to cover the available costs. Therefore, the most rational method of stimulating the production of high quality animal products is the introduction of a mechanism of government support for purchase prices, which will create economic interest in increasing its output and sale.

The proposed article analyzes the motives for voter behaviour before and during the election. It is stated that understanding the patterns of their actions greatly mitigates the surprise of the election results. Recently, political scientists, sociologists, and analysts have learned a great deal about how voters actually make decisions that have a final impact on their choices, how important their views are for understanding democratic responsibility and social well-being. However, these studies have provoked more open-ended questions than answers. In the fall of 2014, the United States held by-elections to Congress. Scientists have another chance to test their versions of the American election results, to monitor the electoral behaviour patterns, to predict the results. Of particular interest, in terms of results, there is the behaviour of a voter known as swing voter. The article analyzes the social status of voters in this group, indicates the possible reasons for changing their electoral positions. Our study is based on a descriptive method and a method of systematic analysis of a number of procedures for collecting, primary analysis, and presentation of data and their characteristics. Administratively, we have focused our attention on the North-Eastern states, the findings of the study should be used responsibly to the situation in other regions of the country. The basic methodology is the most popular in the United States theory of retrospective voting. Its essence is that the political results should correspond to the indicators of competence and efficiency of the elected officials.

У статті розглянуто застосування методу стискаючих відображень та методу послідовних наближень на прикладі фрактального стиску зображень, вказано загальний алгоритм фрактального кодування зображень і його переваги та обґрунтовано важливість вивчення даного питання студентами закладів вищої освіти, зокрема студентами фізико-математичних факультетів педагогічних університетів. У обчислювальній математиці виникає багато задач, що можна звести до відшукання нерухомої точки відображення. Для цього використовують метод послідовних наближень (метод ітерацій), в основу якого покладено принцип стискаючих відображень. Цей принцип застосовують до доведення теорем про існування та єдиність розв'язків деяких типів диференціальних і інтегральних рівнянь; він також дозволяє розв'язувати наукові проблеми в алгебрі, геометрії, фізиці, медицині, інформатиці, у теорії фракталів тощо. Серед переваг фрактального методу стиснення зображення можна виділити такі: він здатний забезпечити найкраще співвідношення ступеня стиснення та якості відновленого зображення; має короткий час розпакування; надає можливість відновлювати лише частину зображення і будь-якого розміру; має широкі можливості у виборі параметрів стиску. На сучасному етапі стиск даних є важливим як для швидкості передачі, так і ефективності зберігання. Він застосовується у медицині для реконструкції зображень у комп'ютерній томографії, до того ж крім багатьох видів комерційного використання, технології стиску є важливими й для військових потреб. Отже, метод стискаючих відображень має досить широке коло використання та відіграє велику роль у нашому житті. Одним із прикладів його застосування є фрактальне кодування зображень. Знання даного методу дозволить спеціалістам з фізико-математичних спеціальностей застосовувати його при розв'язуванні прикладних задач, а майбутні вчителі зможуть пояснити учням математичний апарат на якому побудовані сучасні технології в багатьох галузях життя. ; The article considered application of the method of compression mappings and the method of successive approximation on the example fractal compression of images, a general algorithm for fractal coding of images is indicated and its advantages and the importance of studying this issue by students of higher educational institutions, in particular students of the physics and mathematics faculties of pedagogical universities, is substantiated. There are many problems in computational mathematics that can be reduced to finding a fixed point of reflection. To do this, use the method of sequential approximations (method of iterations), which is based on the principle of compression mappings. This principle is applied to the proof of the theorems on the existence and uniqueness of solutions of certain types of differential and integral equations; it also allows you to solve scientific problems in algebra, geometry, physics, medicine, computer science, fractal theory, and more. Among the advantages of the fractal image compression method are the following: it is able to provide the best ratio of compression ratio and quality of the reconstructed image; has a short unpacking time; provides the ability to restore only part of the image and any size; has a wide range of compression options. At the current stage, data compression is important for both transfer speed and storage efficiency. It is used in medicine for the reconstruction of images in computed tomography, and in addition to many commercial uses, compression technology is also important for military use. So, compression mapping has a wide range of uses and plays a big role in our lives. One example of its application is fractal image encoding. Knowledge of this method will allow specialists in physical and mathematical specialties to apply it when solving applied problems, and future teachers will be able to explain to students the mathematical apparatus on which modern technologies in many branches of life are built.

The theory of signs or semiotics which studied signs and symbols of language was considered. The well developed methodology of this science enabled to use its methods in researches of other disciplines. The article was about using methods of the theory of signs in the research of the political images. The political image as a unit of the communication had three basic functions: an interaction, a cognition and an influence. The functions of signs (a nomination, a predicacion and a locacion) helped to understand political image and also integrate it in the process of communication. The mechanisms of an influence of mass-media and political advertising on the forming of political images in the modern society were considered.Key words: a political image, the semiotics, signs, a language, a broadcasting. ; Розглянуто теорію знаків, або семіотику, що вивчає знаки й символи мови та мовлення. Добре розроблена методологія цієї науки дає змогу використовувати її методи в дослідженнях інших дисциплін. У статті також розглянуто питання використання методів семіотики в дослідженні політичних образів. Визначено, що політичний образ, як одиниця комунікація, має три основні функції: спілкування, пізнання, впливу. Функції знаків (номінація, предикація, локація) допомагають краще зрозуміти політичний образ, а також інтегрувати його в процес комунікації. Розглянуто механізми впливу ЗМІ і політичної реклами на формування політичних образів в сучасному суспільстві. Ключові слова: політичний образ, семіотика, знаки, мова, мовлення.