Suchergebnisse

'Qualitative Interviews werden im Unterschied zu Survey-Interviews selten reanalysiert. Neben offensichtlichen Gründen der Behinderung von Sekundäranalysen durch z.B. das Betonen des Eigentums an Daten - und insbesondere einer individualistischen Kultur der Eigentumswahrung - ist auch ein methodologischer Skeptizismus verbreitet. In diesem Beitrag möchte ich für einen Datenaustausch für Sekundäranalysen plädieren. Diese Fürsprache basiert teilweise auf - und ist inspiriert von - der Diskussion während der Vorbereitung eines Gemeinschaftsprojektes von dreizehn Forschern und Forscherinnen, die eingeladen wurden, den gleichen Satz von Interviews jeweils aus ihrem eigenen theoretisch-methodologischen Blickwinkel zu analysieren (van den Berg, Wetherell und Houtkoop-Steenstra, 2003). In dieser Diskussion wurden verschiedene methodologische Argumente gegen die Durchführung von Sekundäranalyse vorgebracht. Mit einigen dieser Argumente werde ich mich auseinandersetzen, insbesondere mit den Zweifeln an der Nützlichkeit von Sekundäranalysen und den angenommenen Risiken der Dekontextualisierung: Ist eine Sekundäranalyse ohne detailliertes Kontextwissen möglich? Es werden unterschiedliche theoretische und methodologische Positionen geprüft, die sich auf die Kontextualisierung des Interviewdialogs beziehen. Einerseits argumentiere ich gegen die Tendenz der Einziehung eines immer weiteren sozialen und historischen Kontextes in die Diskursanalyse von Interviews, die dem Risiko eines spekulativen Theoretisierens als Rahmen für die Interviewinterpretation ausgesetzt ist. Andererseits glaube ich nicht, dass die Vernachlässigung jedweden sozialen Kontextes jenseits des Interviews - wie sie in einigen Formulierungen der Konversationsanalyse vertreten werden - fruchtbar oder gar möglich ist. Diese Vernachlässigung birgt das Risiko eines abstrakten Empirismus. Mein Hauptargument besteht darin, dass Art und Ausmaß der für eine Diskursanalyse notwendigen Kontextualisierung von Interviewdaten von den Forschungszielen und der Beschaffenheit der Daten abhängig gemacht werden sollte.' (Autorenreferat)

'Eine junge Frau - Hülya - kam als 17jährige auf der Suche nach einem besseren Leben aus der Türkei nach Deutschland; als 31jährige blickt sie zurück. Ihre biographische Fragestellung richtet sich auf ihre Erfahrungen, die sie im Hinblick auf die harten und unmenschlichen Bedingungen der Kontraktarbeit kommentiert. Gleichzeitig verhält sie sich kritisch gegenüber der Alltagsmeinung, dass Leidensprozesse und soziale Probleme die hauptsächlichen Folgen der Arbeitsmigration seien. In der analytischen Fragestellung diskutieren die Verfasser, wie sie das Interview mit Hülya, ihre Erzählung und Kommentare interpretierten, gerade auch in Bezug auf Alltagsmeinungen, die unkritisch in sozialwissenschaftliche Untersuchungen übernommen werden. Die Verfasser suchen nach Begriffen, mit denen Handlungsfähigkeit und Leidensprozesse in biographischen Erzählungen analysiert werden können, ohne eines über das andere zu stellen. Die Verfasser beziehen sich auf eine weitere Fallanalyse und das Konzept der 'Doppelperspektivität', um zu beschreiben, wie beides, Leidenserfahrungen und auch die Entfaltung eigener Möglichkeiten in biographischen Such- und Reflexionsprozessen bearbeitet werden.' (Autorenreferat)

"An in-depth guide to executing longitudinal confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) in Mplus, this book uses latent state-trait (LST) theory as a unifying conceptual framework, including the relevant coefficients of consistency, occasion-specificity, and reliability. Following a standard format, chapters review the theoretical underpinnings, strengths, and limitations of the various models; present data examples; and demonstrate each model's application and interpretation in Mplus, with numerous screen shots and output excerpts. Coverage encompasses both traditional models (autoregressive, change score, and growth curve models) and LST models, for analyzing single- and multiple-indicator data. The book discusses measurement equivalence testing, intensive longitudinal data modeling, and missing data handling, and provides strategies for model selection and reporting of results. User-friendly features include special-topic boxes, chapter summaries, and suggestions for further reading. The companion website features data sets, annotated syntax files, and output for all of the examples"--

Engaging Animal Minds : Matters of Perspective / Robert W. Mitchell and Julie A. Smith -- Living with Animals -- The Mental Life of Chickens as Observed Through Their Social Relationships / Karen Davis -- Tangible Affiliations : Photographic Representations of Touch Between Human and Animal Companions / Julia Schlosser -- Beaver Voices : Grey Owl and Interspecies Communication / Albert Braz -- Anthropomorphisms -- The Historical Animal Mind : "Sagacity" in Nineteenth-Century Britain / Rob Boddice -- Science of the Monkey Mind : Primate Penchants and Human Pursuits / Sara Waller -- Can Animals Make "Art"? Popular and Scientific Discourses About Expressivity and Cognition in Primates / Jane Desmond -- Embodiments and Interembodiments -- Toward a Privileging of the Nonverbal : Communication, Corporeal Synchronicity, and Transcendence in Humans and Horses / Gala Argent -- Thinking Like a Whale : Interdisciplinary Methods for the Study of Human-Animal Interactions / Traci Warkentin -- The Meaning of "Energy" in Cesar Millan's Discourse on Dogs / Julie A. Smith -- Inner Experience as Perception(like) with Attitude / Robert W. Mitchell --

Studies of militarized interstate dispute (MID) outcome variables have focused particularly on whether or not these disputes have resulted in war. With a few exceptions, this simple dichotomous dependent variable categorization largely ignores numerous militarized disputes with outcomes that fall short of war along with their respective settlement method. We propose that theories and findings on war might not apply to non-war disputes. This is especially true when considering approaches to conflict management. We find that: (I) the outcome of war almost always results in one side prevailing. Negotiated settlement and compromise are more likely outcomes of non-war disputes. (2) Power relations play a key role in outcomes of war but have a much-reduced impact on non-war outcomes. (3) Territorial issues are associated with dispute occurrence and war. Territorial issues, at the same time, seem to lend themselves to negotiated and compromise outcomes. (4) Ripeness occurs at the mid-severity range as opposed to lower or higher levels.

"This book deploys quantitative methods to focus on the operation of the Chinese economy as a whole since the reforms in 1978, by combining a range of mathematical, algorithmic and computational methods to analyze rich empirical data, seeking to demonstrate the long-term economic trends and dynamics of economic growth and fluctuations in China. To answer the core question, i.e. how did the Chinese economy become what it is, the author draws on dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) modeling and calibration, while also exploring microfoundations to reveal optimization behavior within a context of economic change at the macro level. The book examines internal shocks in the Chinese economic system including institutional changes, credit policy and monetary policy; all closely associated with issues of enhancing the coordination and sustainability of development and the effectiveness and efficiency of policy reforms. It also elaborates on China's close interactions with the global economy, shedding light on the dynamic effects of energy prices, the Chinese Yuan exchange rate and foreign direct investment. This book is an essential reference for researchers and students interested in the Chinese economy, methods of microeconomic dynamics and macroeconomic theory and policy"--

Epidemiology can be considered as a basic science for public health, but it is also crucial by its nature to apply the scientific method to health problems and supporting with its results the decisions and actions taken by the politicians of who depends on the welfare of the population. This is the case of the current pandemic by COVID 19 SARS. However, it is time for those to show interest in understanding a scientific theory and strengthening the judgment to choose the best among several alternatives with a healthy and informed skepticism. History shows that this attitude is preferable in science than to prefer a biased interest by a particular importance. ; La epidemiología puede ser considerada como una ciencia básica para la salud pública, pero también es fundamental, por su naturaleza de aplicar el método científico a los problemas de la salud, para apoyar con sus investigaciones comunitarias a las decisiones y acciones que tomen los políticos, de quienes depende el bienestar de la población. Este es el caso de la actual pandemia por el COVID 19 SARS. Sin embargo, es el momento para que aquellos demuestren interés por comprender una teoría científica y fortalecer el juicio para escoger la mejor entre varias alternativas con un sano e informado escepticismo, pues la historia demuestra que esta actitud es preferible en la ciencia y en este caso de la pandemia, para preferir la evidencia sobre la opinión y los intereses sesgados por un interés particular.

In most of Marxist economics the theory of money is grounded in commodity money. This grounding calls for reconsideration in the light of recent debate over the Marxist theory of value and recent analysis of developments in the capitalist monetary institutions. It is shown in this paper that money, credit money and a fully developed credit system can be conceptualised at the level of abstract theory, without resort to commodity money. It is also argued that this resort at the level of abstract theory is inappropriate from the point of view of method.

Der Priming-Ansatz beschreibt in der Kommunikationswissenschaft, wie Medien-Primes die Vorstellungen, Entscheidungen und Handlungen der Rezipienten prägen können. So können Rezipienten etwa durch Begriffe (z. B. "Folter") oder durch Deutungsmuster (z. B. "Guantanamo-Frame") in einem Zeitungsartikel oder in einem Blogeintrag auf eine bestimmte Sichtweise (z. B. kritische Haltung zu den USA) geprimet werden.Das Buch behandelt die kognitionspsychologische Herkunft des Ansatzes, stellt die beiden Lesarten nach Iyengar und Kinder sowie nach Price und Tewksbury vor und stellt die Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede des Priming-Ansatzes zu ähnlichen Konzepten wie Agenda-Setting, Framing und instrumenteller Aktualisierung her. Darüber hinaus werden Schlüsselstudien und zentrale methodische Umsetzungen kritisch diskutiert.

Recent research on multi-actor civil wars highlights that rebel organizations condition their conflict behavior on that of other rebel organizations, with competition and free-riding constituting the core theoretical mechanisms. We provide a new actor-centric approach to explicitly model strategic interdependence in multi-actor civil wars. We argue that rebel organizations have incentives to remain mobilized until the end of a conflict to maintain their power to negotiate, power to spoil, power to enforce, and power to protect. This induces strategic complements that dominate duration dynamics in multi-actor conflicts. Based on a network game-theoretic model, we derive a spatial econometric framework that allows for a direct test of strategic interdependence. We find that the estimated duration interdependence is positive but partially offset in secessionist conflicts where the public goods nature of the incompatibility also induces strategic substitution effects.

Wardani, Irma. 2021. Analysis of Society Political Perceptions at the 2019 Concurrent Election in Cabawan, Margadana sub-District, Tegal City. Thesis, Goverment Science, Pancasakti University, Tegal. Advisor I: Drs. Sana Prabowo. M. Si and Supervisior II: Dra. Erny Rosyati, M.Si General election is implementation of democratic state, The assumption of successfully election, if the level of voter turnout in elections achieve was high score. However, Cabawan district always reaching low level of voter turnout in elections. Everyone's behavior has begining with perception, as well as political behavior. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to find out the society political perception of 2019 Concurrent Election. This research was carried out with qualitative methods through questionnaire with 100 respondents, and in-depth interview with 6 (six) various informants equipped with existing documents. The theory was used in this study is perception theory by Zulkarnain. The problem in this study related to the perceptions component such as selection and interpretation. The result of this study show that society perception of general elections in Cabawan was influenced of education, and profession of Cabawan society. Perceptions of Cabawan society in 2019 general election was in kind category with a total score of 111210 obtained from the calculation of the scale range formula. However, if connected with voter turnout participation in 2019 general election. Participation of general electoral in Cabawan was in low category with 47,61% score. Therefore, society participation of Cabawan was included in the typology category of passive or inactive participation, as in Paige's typology of political participation theory.

The debate about persecutory Fascist legislation, in its anti-Jewish and racial-colonial articulation, has represented one of the most innovative branches of historical research in Italy in the last twenty years. In 1988, the celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the promulgation of anti-Jewish legislation marked the symbolic beginning of fruitful studies on the racial character of Fascism. It allowed the integration, development, and refinement of the research carried out for a long time only by Renzo De Felice and Meir Michaelis. The actual enforcement of persecutory legislation, especially against the Italian Jewish minority, has been an object of detailed study in the last ten years, as were the material and cultural consequences of such enforcement. Serious factual lacunae that had heavily distorted the interpretation of the Fascist era have been cleared. Today, the intensity, the methods, the times, and the sites of the persecution are widely known. Here, Pavan explores one of the important debates among scholars concerning the Fascist regime's turn toward racism, whether this was a matter of continuity or discontinuity, given the ambiguities and 'gray zones' that characterized the first half of the 1930s. Adapted from the source document.

The large numbers of deadly conflicts between ethnic & other identity groups around the world call for more extensive & systematic applications of interactive problem-solving methods of conflict resolution. This article urges the conflict-resolution community to explore the necessity, value, & feasibility of establishing a new international & largely non-governmental organization or consortium devoted to monitoring such conflicts as they evolve & ready to help prevent, de-escalate, & resolve them through the use of interactive problem-solving techniques. The approach to conflict resolution envisaged by the author for this organization is based on direct communication, in a non-official context, between politically influential members of the communities in conflict. The article presents a model of the organization & its three components & concludes with a series of research questions to help determine (1) whether the proposed concept of an international facilitating service ought to be pursued &, if so, (2) how best to define its structure & functions so that it can make a unique contribution to international conflict resolution in constructive interaction with other non-governmental, governmental, & intergovernmental organizations devoted to peacemaking, peacekeeping, developmental aid, humanitarian assistance, human rights, & reconciliation. References. Adapted from the source document.

The article is about the role of basic values of Russian and Italian linguacultures in teaching Russian as a foreign language. It considers the possibilities of using the results of a comparative study of common human values in teaching intercultural communication. The author describes the methods of studying and describing common human values, presents the data obtained through experimental research of specific values of the Russian and Italian linguacultures, and identifies common and nationally labeled elements.