Although since 1994 much attention has been paid to the Zapatista movement on both English and Spanish publications, its actual development revealed that in most cases the prognoses of the analysts were unduly optimistic. Despite their initial popularity and innovation, an evident decrease in activity and popularity, together with the ability to implement real change, could be perceived after 2006. This article is aimed at ascertaining long-term challenges for movements that seek radical political change by non-military means through the analysis of the Zapatistas' decrement. Most attention is paid to the lack of structure in their worldviews, the inability to create a 'success story' in their own communities promptly enough, and problems of virtual communication and mobilization. Due to the fact that in Lithuania there is very little written on the Zapatista movement, essential information about their activities and context is also provided. Adapted from the source document.
The Zapatista movement is one of the most influential social movements in Latin America, which among other things raised the issue of the indigenous rights. The aim of the research is to analyse the impact of the Zapatista movement in the area of securing the rights of indigenous people within the Mexican political process. The dissertation takes the case study approach. Also comparative method, scientific literature analysis, document analysis, quantitative and qualitative media content analysis, and secondary data analysis is used in the research. The research shows that the process of recognizing the rights of indigenous peoples in Mexico was largely influenced by the demands of the Zapatista movement. Indigenous peoples appeared in the discourse of political elite, they were included into Mexico's national development plans and political party manifestos. It can be argued that since early 1990s the process of recognizing the rights of indigenous peoples in Mexico has had five dimensions: political recognition, policy agenda, policy response, implementation and institutionalization. Nevertheless, not every demand put forward by the Zapatista movement has been realized. The right to self-determination as well as the right to land and its resources still remain unresolved. It can be therefore stated that the Zapatista movement was very influential with regard to raising the issue of the rights of indigenous peoples, however not all of movement's demands were met.
The Zapatista movement is one of the most influential social movements in Latin America, which among other things raised the issue of the indigenous rights. The aim of the research is to analyse the impact of the Zapatista movement in the area of securing the rights of indigenous people within the Mexican political process. The dissertation takes the case study approach. Also comparative method, scientific literature analysis, document analysis, quantitative and qualitative media content analysis, and secondary data analysis is used in the research. The research shows that the process of recognizing the rights of indigenous peoples in Mexico was largely influenced by the demands of the Zapatista movement. Indigenous peoples appeared in the discourse of political elite, they were included into Mexico's national development plans and political party manifestos. It can be argued that since early 1990s the process of recognizing the rights of indigenous peoples in Mexico has had five dimensions: political recognition, policy agenda, policy response, implementation and institutionalization. Nevertheless, not every demand put forward by the Zapatista movement has been realized. The right to self-determination as well as the right to land and its resources still remain unresolved. It can be therefore stated that the Zapatista movement was very influential with regard to raising the issue of the rights of indigenous peoples, however not all of movement's demands were met.
The Zapatista movement is one of the most influential social movements in Latin America, which among other things raised the issue of the indigenous rights. The aim of the research is to analyse the impact of the Zapatista movement in the area of securing the rights of indigenous people within the Mexican political process. The dissertation takes the case study approach. Also comparative method, scientific literature analysis, document analysis, quantitative and qualitative media content analysis, and secondary data analysis is used in the research. The research shows that the process of recognizing the rights of indigenous peoples in Mexico was largely influenced by the demands of the Zapatista movement. Indigenous peoples appeared in the discourse of political elite, they were included into Mexico's national development plans and political party manifestos. It can be argued that since early 1990s the process of recognizing the rights of indigenous peoples in Mexico has had five dimensions: political recognition, policy agenda, policy response, implementation and institutionalization. Nevertheless, not every demand put forward by the Zapatista movement has been realized. The right to self-determination as well as the right to land and its resources still remain unresolved. It can be therefore stated that the Zapatista movement was very influential with regard to raising the issue of the rights of indigenous peoples, however not all of movement's demands were met.
Master's thesis analyzed the free-trade agreements between the EU and third countries, trade between the investigated structure and changes in the 2000 - 2010 period. The first part, a theoretical analysis of the context of liberalization starting in Europe, and this idea of development, preferential agreements įpatybės world without Europe. It is also theoretically considered a free-trade agreements on parties. The second part deals with the EU and Mexico, Chile, South Africa, and P. Korea free-trade structure and change, in addition to evaluating the impact of the economic activity of countries. The third part of Lithuania and analyzed by third parties for marketing and strategic development of the EU in the world.
Master's thesis analyzed the free-trade agreements between the EU and third countries, trade between the investigated structure and changes in the 2000 - 2010 period. The first part, a theoretical analysis of the context of liberalization starting in Europe, and this idea of development, preferential agreements įpatybės world without Europe. It is also theoretically considered a free-trade agreements on parties. The second part deals with the EU and Mexico, Chile, South Africa, and P. Korea free-trade structure and change, in addition to evaluating the impact of the economic activity of countries. The third part of Lithuania and analyzed by third parties for marketing and strategic development of the EU in the world.
Many separate economics after world economic crises are looking to help their economies improve faster through export. Recently some accusations between main world exporters to USA have risen for possible exchange rate manipulation, with intention to increase export. According to results of the paper, these accusations are reasonable. In the first part of the paper the theory analysis on export and exchange rate is presented. Also there is a review of other researches of exchange rate influence on export and possible manipulation of same exchange rate. In the second part of the paper hypothesis of the research, data and econometric model is presented. In the last part of the study there are results of the research. According to the results, Mexico's and Canada's exports to USA have elasticity of exchange rate. Also Granger causality of exchange rate on separate exports of Mexico, Canada, Japan, China and European Union has been found. These results justify the accusations and tension between mentioned exporters
Many separate economics after world economic crises are looking to help their economies improve faster through export. Recently some accusations between main world exporters to USA have risen for possible exchange rate manipulation, with intention to increase export. According to results of the paper, these accusations are reasonable. In the first part of the paper the theory analysis on export and exchange rate is presented. Also there is a review of other researches of exchange rate influence on export and possible manipulation of same exchange rate. In the second part of the paper hypothesis of the research, data and econometric model is presented. In the last part of the study there are results of the research. According to the results, Mexico's and Canada's exports to USA have elasticity of exchange rate. Also Granger causality of exchange rate on separate exports of Mexico, Canada, Japan, China and European Union has been found. These results justify the accusations and tension between mentioned exporters
Many separate economics after world economic crises are looking to help their economies improve faster through export. Recently some accusations between main world exporters to USA have risen for possible exchange rate manipulation, with intention to increase export. According to results of the paper, these accusations are reasonable. In the first part of the paper the theory analysis on export and exchange rate is presented. Also there is a review of other researches of exchange rate influence on export and possible manipulation of same exchange rate. In the second part of the paper hypothesis of the research, data and econometric model is presented. In the last part of the study there are results of the research. According to the results, Mexico's and Canada's exports to USA have elasticity of exchange rate. Also Granger causality of exchange rate on separate exports of Mexico, Canada, Japan, China and European Union has been found. These results justify the accusations and tension between mentioned exporters
War, domestic violence, and economic instability in a country force its residents to flee their homeland and their place of birth to a different part of the world to save their lives, and around 70.8 million people have been displaced across the world (UNHCR, 2019). It is also a fundamental fact that women and children who have fled in this manner have been subject to various forms of violence and torture during their journey. Refugees are increasingly interested in emigrating to the United States of America, given the political and economic importance of the nation. Nevertheless, the United States has a strict legal system in place to prevent uncontrolled immigration, and hence the refugees face a variety of problems in order to travel to it. Refugees, particularly those travelling tens of thousands of kilometres are from Central American countries, Africa, Iran, and Syria, have arrived inmany towns along the US-Mexico border. Increasing numbers of refugees force governments of the receiving countries to provide accommodation, food, and other facilities, which causes an inevitable financial crisis in the receiving regions. In such cases, the non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a significant role in helping refugees with various types of assistance, and it is important to analyze the human rights activities of NGOs. NGOs have been a lobbyist in influencing legislators through a variety of political consultations and creating laws that protect refugees. It is crucial that NGOs can influence the Government level and various types of Cabinet Meetings, to study the issues of refugees and provide different kinds of possible support and assistance through their advocacy activities. The influence of the new media technologies in this twenty-first century has increased the opportunity to understand the lives of different people from different parts of the world and conduct various socio-political debates on global issues, such as the refugee crisis. Therefore, we need to evaluate the role of the social media of NGOs as a lobbyist in advocacy on addressing the refugee crisis. The article aims to identify the role of NGOs in addressing the migrant crisis and upholding the sanctuary policy in Florida that facilitates migrant integration. Research methods include a qualitative interview with the Florida Immigrant Coalition (FIC) and analyzing its social media discourse. The anti-sanctuary bill passed by the Florida state legislature were analysed; the analysis shows that the advocacy for the refugee crisis by NGOs using social media platforms increases civic participation. Such activism has a significant role in influencing policy framework on combating the crisis of refugee integration.
War, domestic violence, and economic instability in a country force its residents to flee their homeland and their place of birth to a different part of the world to save their lives, and around 70.8 million people have been displaced across the world (UNHCR, 2019). It is also a fundamental fact that women and children who have fled in this manner have been subject to various forms of violence and torture during their journey. Refugees are increasingly interested in emigrating to the United States of America, given the political and economic importance of the nation. Nevertheless, the United States has a strict legal system in place to prevent uncontrolled immigration, and hence the refugees face a variety of problems in order to travel to it. Refugees, particularly those travelling tens of thousands of kilometres are from Central American countries, Africa, Iran, and Syria, have arrived inmany towns along the US-Mexico border. Increasing numbers of refugees force governments of the receiving countries to provide accommodation, food, and other facilities, which causes an inevitable financial crisis in the receiving regions. In such cases, the non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a significant role in helping refugees with various types of assistance, and it is important to analyze the human rights activities of NGOs. NGOs have been a lobbyist in influencing legislators through a variety of political consultations and creating laws that protect refugees. It is crucial that NGOs can influence the Government level and various types of Cabinet Meetings, to study the issues of refugees and provide different kinds of possible support and assistance through their advocacy activities. The influence of the new media technologies in this twenty-first century has increased the opportunity to understand the lives of different people from different parts of the world and conduct various socio-political debates on global issues, such as the refugee crisis. Therefore, we need to evaluate the role of the social media of NGOs as a lobbyist in advocacy on addressing the refugee crisis. The article aims to identify the role of NGOs in addressing the migrant crisis and upholding the sanctuary policy in Florida that facilitates migrant integration. Research methods include a qualitative interview with the Florida Immigrant Coalition (FIC) and analyzing its social media discourse. The anti-sanctuary bill passed by the Florida state legislature were analysed; the analysis shows that the advocacy for the refugee crisis by NGOs using social media platforms increases civic participation. Such activism has a significant role in influencing policy framework on combating the crisis of refugee integration.
War, domestic violence, and economic instability in a country force its residents to flee their homeland and their place of birth to a different part of the world to save their lives, and around 70.8 million people have been displaced across the world (UNHCR, 2019). It is also a fundamental fact that women and children who have fled in this manner have been subject to various forms of violence and torture during their journey. Refugees are increasingly interested in emigrating to the United States of America, given the political and economic importance of the nation. Nevertheless, the United States has a strict legal system in place to prevent uncontrolled immigration, and hence the refugees face a variety of problems in order to travel to it. Refugees, particularly those travelling tens of thousands of kilometres are from Central American countries, Africa, Iran, and Syria, have arrived inmany towns along the US-Mexico border. Increasing numbers of refugees force governments of the receiving countries to provide accommodation, food, and other facilities, which causes an inevitable financial crisis in the receiving regions. In such cases, the non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a significant role in helping refugees with various types of assistance, and it is important to analyze the human rights activities of NGOs. NGOs have been a lobbyist in influencing legislators through a variety of political consultations and creating laws that protect refugees. It is crucial that NGOs can influence the Government level and various types of Cabinet Meetings, to study the issues of refugees and provide different kinds of possible support and assistance through their advocacy activities. The influence of the new media technologies in this twenty-first century has increased the opportunity to understand the lives of different people from different parts of the world and conduct various socio-political debates on global issues, such as the refugee crisis. Therefore, we need to evaluate the role of the social media of NGOs as a lobbyist in advocacy on addressing the refugee crisis. The article aims to identify the role of NGOs in addressing the migrant crisis and upholding the sanctuary policy in Florida that facilitates migrant integration. Research methods include a qualitative interview with the Florida Immigrant Coalition (FIC) and analyzing its social media discourse. The anti-sanctuary bill passed by the Florida state legislature were analysed; the analysis shows that the advocacy for the refugee crisis by NGOs using social media platforms increases civic participation. Such activism has a significant role in influencing policy framework on combating the crisis of refugee integration.
War, domestic violence, and economic instability in a country force its residents to flee their homeland and their place of birth to a different part of the world to save their lives, and around 70.8 million people have been displaced across the world (UNHCR, 2019). It is also a fundamental fact that women and children who have fled in this manner have been subject to various forms of violence and torture during their journey. Refugees are increasingly interested in emigrating to the United States of America, given the political and economic importance of the nation. Nevertheless, the United States has a strict legal system in place to prevent uncontrolled immigration, and hence the refugees face a variety of problems in order to travel to it. Refugees, particularly those travelling tens of thousands of kilometres are from Central American countries, Africa, Iran, and Syria, have arrived inmany towns along the US-Mexico border. Increasing numbers of refugees force governments of the receiving countries to provide accommodation, food, and other facilities, which causes an inevitable financial crisis in the receiving regions. In such cases, the non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a significant role in helping refugees with various types of assistance, and it is important to analyze the human rights activities of NGOs. NGOs have been a lobbyist in influencing legislators through a variety of political consultations and creating laws that protect refugees. It is crucial that NGOs can influence the Government level and various types of Cabinet Meetings, to study the issues of refugees and provide different kinds of possible support and assistance through their advocacy activities. The influence of the new media technologies in this twenty-first century has increased the opportunity to understand the lives of different people from different parts of the world and conduct various socio-political debates on global issues, such as the refugee crisis. Therefore, we need to evaluate the role of the social media of NGOs as a lobbyist in advocacy on addressing the refugee crisis. The article aims to identify the role of NGOs in addressing the migrant crisis and upholding the sanctuary policy in Florida that facilitates migrant integration. Research methods include a qualitative interview with the Florida Immigrant Coalition (FIC) and analyzing its social media discourse. The anti-sanctuary bill passed by the Florida state legislature were analysed; the analysis shows that the advocacy for the refugee crisis by NGOs using social media platforms increases civic participation. Such activism has a significant role in influencing policy framework on combating the crisis of refugee integration.
This paper analyzes the possibilities of generating creative tools for Social Practice Art (SPA) to be used at Migrating Academy. The research focuses on the concept of social practice art in the international context, analyses creative forms and their potential development. The goals and objectives of the activity are clearly defined, and the possibilities to generate new forms of art and education at Migrating Academy are presented. The aim of the research is to analyse the possibilities of generating creative tools for social practice art. To achieve this aim, the following objectives have been set: to analyse the concept of social practice art, its origin and development, to define different forms of social practice art and their future prospects, to discuss the peculiarities of their generation at Migrating Academy and to investigate the possibilities to generate creative tools of social practice art by carrying out a qualitative research. The hypothesis in the thesis is that the generation of creative tools for social practice art through the development and implementation of social and education policy at Migrating Academy as a social and institutional process opens opportunities for social, cultural and political changes in society. In order to analyse the possibilities of generating creative tools for art of social practice at Migrating Academy, a research was carried out by using a qualitative research strategy as well as the interview method. The survey included 9 informants-experts from nine countries (Lithuania, Italy, the UK, Bangladesh, Indonesia, the USA, Canada, Nigeria and Mexico): 5 females and 3 males. The selected age group was from 30 to 65 years. The respondents from Italy, Mexico, and Nigeria are experts who have PhD degrees in Arts, are working in higher education and create works in the sphere of SPA. The Bangladesh-UK respondent is a PhD student who is studying in the UK and working for the Bangladesh Ministry of Education. The respondents from Lithuania, Indonesia, Canada, the USA are artists or activists in the SPA area. The traditional method of qualitative content analysis was used for the analysis of the research data. The analysis of scientific literature and documents confirmed that both social practice art and Migrating Academy have a significant impact on the generation of creative tools for social practice art in the international context, on the expansion of artistic views and horizons going beyond the usual perception and covering all possible areas from politics, economics to fast-growing technological advances and neuroscience achievements. The results of the research showed that Migrating Academy may offer significant opportunities to generate tools for social practice art and education. This is clearly proved by the experts' opinions which have been collected and processed by qualitative research tools, and they provide strong arguments that: - the boundary separating social practice from social practice art is dynamic so the opportunities to participate in SPA activities will increase in the future. This would depend on the artists' creativity and their ability to develop the scope of their creative activities and their outcomes through the variety of organized projects; - the United States of America with its neighbouring countries on the continent remains the epicentre of SPA. A great variety of SPA projects is also noticeable in the countries with high class exclusion and multinational culture, as well as in the countries where the state funding is provided for project implementation; - by promoting the active involvement of social groups and solving their problems, artists and groups of artists can become leaders who will offer their innovative ideas and problem-solving techniques; - innovative, sometimes unconventional but clearly defined methods are required to establish contacts between artists and communities or social groups, to deal with difficult situations and build mutual trust; - most artists use the principles of traditional pedagogy to create SPA, however, they intuitively feel that it is not enough for their projects. Consequently, they start to create innovative forms. The pedagogical principles of SPA projects are developing and changing, because the form of this art itself is very dynamic and flexible, dependent on the environment and its problems; - SPA activities are gradually eliminating the boundaries between disciplines, leading to the development of a new form of art that is not oriented to the production of artistic products, but to the social process which stimulates social changes through art. This process is only possible through unique forms of expression, including pedagogical ones, because pedagogy which is affected radically by SPA has to develop new forms and completely new quality; - social practice art itself includes great opportunities which allow artists to generate new skills, knowledge and art forms. New project opportunities allow to create innovative creative spaces and new thinking strategy. The stereotypical perception of art and its academic model are changing; - migrating academy is becoming a continually pulsating and changing world culture that makes information accessible to everybody and provides opportunities to perform not only online but also in real life with real people. Migrating academy can provide its students with work and creative tools that will be impossible if only traditional models of perception of art and creativity are used. The respondents' statements investigated by the means of qualitative research confirmed the hypothesis that the generation of creative tools for social practice art through the development and implementation of social and education policy at migrating academy as a social and institutional process opens opportunities for social, cultural and political changes in society.
This paper analyzes the possibilities of generating creative tools for Social Practice Art (SPA) to be used at Migrating Academy. The research focuses on the concept of social practice art in the international context, analyses creative forms and their potential development. The goals and objectives of the activity are clearly defined, and the possibilities to generate new forms of art and education at Migrating Academy are presented. The aim of the research is to analyse the possibilities of generating creative tools for social practice art. To achieve this aim, the following objectives have been set: to analyse the concept of social practice art, its origin and development, to define different forms of social practice art and their future prospects, to discuss the peculiarities of their generation at Migrating Academy and to investigate the possibilities to generate creative tools of social practice art by carrying out a qualitative research. The hypothesis in the thesis is that the generation of creative tools for social practice art through the development and implementation of social and education policy at Migrating Academy as a social and institutional process opens opportunities for social, cultural and political changes in society. In order to analyse the possibilities of generating creative tools for art of social practice at Migrating Academy, a research was carried out by using a qualitative research strategy as well as the interview method. The survey included 9 informants-experts from nine countries (Lithuania, Italy, the UK, Bangladesh, Indonesia, the USA, Canada, Nigeria and Mexico): 5 females and 3 males. The selected age group was from 30 to 65 years. The respondents from Italy, Mexico, and Nigeria are experts who have PhD degrees in Arts, are working in higher education and create works in the sphere of SPA. The Bangladesh-UK respondent is a PhD student who is studying in the UK and working for the Bangladesh Ministry of Education. The respondents from Lithuania, Indonesia, Canada, the USA are artists or activists in the SPA area. The traditional method of qualitative content analysis was used for the analysis of the research data. The analysis of scientific literature and documents confirmed that both social practice art and Migrating Academy have a significant impact on the generation of creative tools for social practice art in the international context, on the expansion of artistic views and horizons going beyond the usual perception and covering all possible areas from politics, economics to fast-growing technological advances and neuroscience achievements. The results of the research showed that Migrating Academy may offer significant opportunities to generate tools for social practice art and education. This is clearly proved by the experts' opinions which have been collected and processed by qualitative research tools, and they provide strong arguments that: - the boundary separating social practice from social practice art is dynamic so the opportunities to participate in SPA activities will increase in the future. This would depend on the artists' creativity and their ability to develop the scope of their creative activities and their outcomes through the variety of organized projects; - the United States of America with its neighbouring countries on the continent remains the epicentre of SPA. A great variety of SPA projects is also noticeable in the countries with high class exclusion and multinational culture, as well as in the countries where the state funding is provided for project implementation; - by promoting the active involvement of social groups and solving their problems, artists and groups of artists can become leaders who will offer their innovative ideas and problem-solving techniques; - innovative, sometimes unconventional but clearly defined methods are required to establish contacts between artists and communities or social groups, to deal with difficult situations and build mutual trust; - most artists use the principles of traditional pedagogy to create SPA, however, they intuitively feel that it is not enough for their projects. Consequently, they start to create innovative forms. The pedagogical principles of SPA projects are developing and changing, because the form of this art itself is very dynamic and flexible, dependent on the environment and its problems; - SPA activities are gradually eliminating the boundaries between disciplines, leading to the development of a new form of art that is not oriented to the production of artistic products, but to the social process which stimulates social changes through art. This process is only possible through unique forms of expression, including pedagogical ones, because pedagogy which is affected radically by SPA has to develop new forms and completely new quality; - social practice art itself includes great opportunities which allow artists to generate new skills, knowledge and art forms. New project opportunities allow to create innovative creative spaces and new thinking strategy. The stereotypical perception of art and its academic model are changing; - migrating academy is becoming a continually pulsating and changing world culture that makes information accessible to everybody and provides opportunities to perform not only online but also in real life with real people. Migrating academy can provide its students with work and creative tools that will be impossible if only traditional models of perception of art and creativity are used. The respondents' statements investigated by the means of qualitative research confirmed the hypothesis that the generation of creative tools for social practice art through the development and implementation of social and education policy at migrating academy as a social and institutional process opens opportunities for social, cultural and political changes in society.
