Suchergebnisse

Songs and writings: oral and literary cultures in early-modern Finland renews the understanding of exchange between the learned culture of clergymen and the culture of commoners, or "folk". What happened when the Reformation changed the position of the oral vernacular language to literary and ecclesiastical, and when folk beliefs seem to have become an object for more intensive surveillance and correction? How did clergymen understand and use the versatile labels of popular belief, paganism, superstition and Catholic fermentation? Why did they choose particular song languages, poetic modes and melodies for their Lutheran hymns and literary poems, and why did they avoid oral poetics in certain contexts while accentuating it in others? How were the hagiographical traditions representing the international medieval literary or "great" tradition adapted to "small" folk traditions, and how did they persist and change after the Reformation? What happened to the cult of the Virgin Mary in local oral traditions?
The first Finnish 16th-century reformers admired the new Germanic models of Lutheran congregational hymns and avoided the Finnic vernacular Kalevala-metre idiom, while their successors picked up many vernacular traits, most notably alliteration, in their ecclesiastical poetry and hymns. Over the following centuries, the new features introduced via new Lutheran hymns such as accentual metres, end-rhymes and strophic structures were infusing into oral folk poetry, although this took place also via secular oral and literary routes. On the other hand, seventeenth-century scholars cultivated a new academic interest in what they understood as "ancient Finnish poetry".
The book has an extensive English Summary for the international readership.

Engl. Zsfassung u.d.T.: The rules of the timber trade : the timber trade of the non-industrial private forest owners and the forest companies in Eastern Finland from 1919 to 1939

This book deals with approaches, sources, and methods in health history from the middle ages to the twentieth century. Individual chapters demonstrate how historians of medicine and health choose their methodological approaches and form interpretations from primary sources. They discuss the practices of writing and show how obstacles in the research process can be overcome. Practical examples of source materials, used methods and research challenges give tools to students for carrying out projects independently and help them to understand different possibilities in the field of health history. In this book, history of health includes but is not limited to medical science. Emphasising medical pluralism, it places (public) health in a cultural and social field encompassing official and unofficial practitioners, medical institutions, and patients. Individual case studies highlight themes in Finnish, European, and African history.

The present volume is a multidisciplinary collection of research articles exploring language use, language contact and multilingualism in the history of Turku, the first town in Finland, founded around the turn of the fourteenth century. Consisting of an introduction by the editors and nine case studies in the fields of linguistics, history, archeology, and literary and cultural studies, the volume participates in a wider discussion on multilingual communities while offering a closer look into linguistic encounters in Turku and its immediate vicinity. The volume covers the period from the Middle Ages (c. 1100–1500) to the latter half of the twentieth century. The case studies illustrate the wide array of languages, linguistic varieties and registers that the inhabitants and travellers used in their daily lives, the specific contexts in which certain languages were used, and the effects of these linguistic encounters at personal, social or institutional levels.

Mechthild of Hackeborn represents medieval mysticism. Her Revelations were written down in the 1290s in Helfta, Germany. The oldest surviving versions are in Latin, but in the Middle Ages, the Revelations were translated at least into Dutch, English, Swedish, and German. The text was translated into Swedish in 1469 by Jöns Budde, a Bridgettine brother from Naantali. Budde made few omissions but many additions in the text, mainly explanations to meet the needs of the Bridgettine sisters. Budde's translation is faithful to the original text, and he made few mistakes. My Finnish translation of the text follows Budde's version where possible. However, Budde translated an abridged version that omitted some chapters, and the only surviving copy of Budde's translation is incomplete. I have therefore translated the missing sections from Latin and incorporated them in the text. My translation also includes editorial comments on the language, the contents, and the historical and theological contexts of the Revelations.

Finnish Lapland is a historical borderland of Finnish and Sámi cultures. Such a region offers various social-political identifications for people to choose: people may see it possible to identify as Finnish, Laplanders, Lappish or Sámi, for instance. However, the choices have social and political limits, and some identifications are more contested than others. The book examines the processes of identifications in the middle parts of Lapland, just south of the region defined as Sámi homeland in Finland. While the study reveals differences and nuances in people's thinking, it also shows that there is a recognizable sense of shared cultural specifity around the region. Lapland is conceptualized as an extraordinary place with unusual nature and history, characterized by particular livelihoods (such as reindeer herding) and lively cultural interaction. The book concludes that while Lapland is extraordinary as a historical dwelling region of indigenous Sámi, it may be politically significant to recognize it as a unique borderland of cultures with features of its own.

The present multidisciplinary study deals with the legendary bishop Saint Henry of Finland ‒ both the historical person and his medieval ecclesiastical cult, as well as the vernacular folk tradition including The Death-lay of Bishop Henry. The book contains an English and Swedish summary. - Kuka oli tarunhohtoinen piispa Henrik, josta Suomen evankelis-luterilainen kirkko katsoo institutionaalisen historiansa alkaneen, vai oliko häntä? Milloin Henrikin ja Lallin väitettyyn kohtalokkaaseen kohtaamiseen johtaneista tapahtumista kertova Piispa Henrikin surmavirsi sepitettiin? Entä oliko piispa Henrikin aikalaiseksi väitetty Ruotsin kuningas Erik Jedvardsson eli Eerik Pyhä ammatiltaan pappi? Näihin ja moniin muihin kysymyksiin pyrkii vastaamaan filosofian tohtori Mikko K. Heikkilän teos Kuka oli herra Heinäricki? – piispa Henrikin arvoitus, joka käsittelee monitieteisesti suomalaisittain mm. piispa Henrikiksi ja herra Heinärikiksi kutsuttua kirkonmiestä, Suomen varhaiskeskiajan henkilöistä jälkimaineeltaan ehkä merkittävintä. Teos koostuu kolmesta osasta. Ensimmäisessä osassa jäljitetään usean eri tieteenalan metodein monen tutkijan historialliseksi henkilöksi olettamaa piispa Henrikiä. Toisessa osassa käsitellään Pyhän Henrikin pyhimyskultin syntyä ja ajoitusta. Kolmannessa osassa pyritään rekonstruoimaan ja ajoittamaan Piispa Henrikin surmavirreksi kutsuttu vanha suomenkielinen runo(laulu). Kaikissa kolmessa osassa käsitellään myös kirkollisen ja kansanomaisen Henrik-perinteen ajallista kehitystä. Herra Heinärikkiä jäljittäessään Heikkilän teos käsittelee Pohjois-Euroopan varhaiskeskiajan yleis-, kieli- ja kirkkohistoriaa laajemminkin.

The book focuses on intangible and tangible heritage, language and vernacular religion of the Ingrians, Setos and Votes, three Finnic ethnic minorities sharing a long-standing identification with the Russian Orthodox faith. Written by 16 authors, the chapters are mainly based on nineteenth- and twentieth-century materials. The research history and collecting of folklore are also discussed.The historical area of the Ingrians and Votes is located in Ingria, adjacent to St. Petersburg, while the Setos have inhabited both sides of the border of southern Estonia and Russia. All three groups live on the borderline of the Eastern and Western Churches and cultural realms.Currently, the Ingrian and Votic languages are extremely endangered, while the Seto language has approximately 12,000 speakers. There is a high local interest in the maintenance and revitalisation of all three languages and cultural traditions.