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Crises and conflicts in Middle East are compounded by the fact that the settlement of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is still far from a solution and the peace process in Syria has just begun. Taking into account the current situation and taking into account the tensions between the states of the Middle East region, there is reason to believe that all the states of the region should sit at the negotiating table in order to create, based on reasonable compromises and permissible outcomes, an acceptable model for building a regional security system for everyone .

None of the major actors in the Middle East wants to see the conflict spread, but are locked into positions that lead in the contrary direction.

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After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia actively borrowed Western-primarily European-legal and bureaucratic practices. Now that the European path appears to be closed off entirely, the Middle East is fast emerging as an alternative route.

Shared support for Hamas likely means better diplomatic relations between Moscow and Ankara. But any warming of ties will only be situational.

Recent public opinion surveys offer an opportunity to reevaluate youth political engagement across the region, a decade after the 2011 Arab Uprisings and waves of subsequent protest movements.

В статье рассматривается курс Китая на Ближнем Востоке с целью определения роли и места Китайской Народной республики в контексте региональных отношений. Помимо экономических, преимущественно энергетических интересов, традиционно имевших для КНР первостепенное значение, сегодня Китай более активно продвигает и политическую повестку дня. В статье рассмотрены наиболее масштабные китайские инициативы для ближневосточного региона в области экономики и безопасности, проанализирована зарождающаяся китайская концептуализация ближневосточной политики. Последняя в настоящий момент носит максимально обобщенный характер, однако сам факт создания китайской стороной документов такого содержания представляется свидетельством намечающихся сдвигов в сторону более явной активности КНР в регионе. В ходе работы были проанализированы официальные документы и заявления, статистические данные и аналитические доклады, подготовленные коллективами авторов различных научно-исследовательских центров. Автор стремится к наиболее объективному анализу проводимого КНР политического курса, однако выстраивает аргументацию преимущественно в русле реалисткой теории международных отношений. В результате исследования выявлена тенденция к активизации китайской ближневосточной политики, а также вероятное намерение Китая закрепиться в регионе в качестве влиятельного внерегионального игрока.

At the moment, the Middle East remains one of the most explosive regions in the world. Today, Syria has become a kind of center for the global political crisis. This article explores the political prerequisites for the emergence and development of a regional problem, reveals its features, and analyzes the external factors that have had and are affecting the evolution of the Middle East problem. The preconditions for the growth of conflict potential and the intensification of the struggle for influence in the Middle East are studied. The role of Syria in the framework of the rivalry of leading Arab countries and Iran for regional leadership is examined and conclusions are drawn about the goals pursued by them in the Middle East. The issues of the formation of Syria's foreign policy are investigated, the influence of the Palestinian factor on its regional policy is analyzed, the position of Syria on the Lebanese problem is revealed. A number of factors are analyzed that influence the evolution of Syria's foreign policy in the new geopolitical situation in the region.

The article considers the Middle East policy of modern Germany, taking Turkish vector as an example. The foreign EU policy in the Middle East, as a whole and cooperation of modern Germany with Turkey in attempt to join the European Union are examined. Attention is given to the modern crisis and difficulties that stand on the way of cooperation between the two states. ; Статья посвящена рассмотрению турецкого вектора ближневосточной политики Германии в период с 1987 года до настоящего времени. Рассматривается внешняя политика ЕС на Ближнем Востоке в целом, а также сотрудничество современной ФРГ с Турцией в рамках попыток ее вступления в Европейский Союз. Уделяется внимание современному кризису и сложностям, которые стоят на пути сотрудничества двух государств.

The goal of the article is to identify the main trends in the socio-demographic composition of highly qualified specialists and to determine the issues for the development of Russian society that arise from these trends. The empirical foundation for the study is a representative sample of the 27th wave of RLMS – HSE. The article shows that the group of highly qualified Russian specialists is characterized by such socio-demographic specifics of its composition as gender asymmetry with the group's increasing feminization, escalating dominance of relatively young ages (up to 40 years), and concentration of its representatives mainly in the regional capitals. Among the other features of this group are its high heterogeneity in terms of the professional training level of its members and the enormous gaps in their income level, especially in large cities. It is demonstrated that behind all of these features is the complex intertwining of different types of inequalities, as well as an increasingly widening imbalance between the number of people with higher education and the number of workplaces for them in the economy. As a result, although the number of employment opportunities for specialists in Russia is now almost 1.5 times lower than the number of people with higher education, more than one in five of those who occupy these jobs do not have a higher education diploma. At the same time, a rapid increase in the proportion of people with higher education among the unemployed is occurring. A conclusion is drawn that structural imbalances which are demonstrated by the overproduction of people with higher education and unreasonably deep gaps in the income of specialists, as well as in the mismatch of their specializations in universities with the availability of corresponding jobs that are attractive to them, have created a "qualification pit" in relation to them, leading to deepened intergroup differentiation among specialists. This situation not only directly affects the prospects for the successful development of the Russian economy, but also requires adjustments in state social policy.

The article deals with the system of professional training of social sphere specialists. The authors identified the specifics of training personnel in social service institutions in Russia, France, Great Britain, the United States, and Japan. The results of the conducted empirical research, as well as recommendations for improving the professional training of social professionals, are of interest.

A U.S.-Iran understanding may have calmed tensions, but this was followed by Kurdish-Arab fighting that did precisely the opposite.