Suchergebnisse

The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is the top destination for Russian food exports, grains in particular. Focusing on Turkey, Egypt, Iran, and Saudi Arabia, this chapter shows that Russia's food trade with MENA countries is strongly affected by bilateral political relations. Russia banned most food imports from Turkey over a political conflict in 2016. In the same year, improved intergovernmental cooperation with Saudi Arabia resulted in a diversification of Russia's food exports to the Gulf country, and in 2019, Iran's accession to the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) led to increasing food trade with Russia. Food imports in MENA countries are usually managed by powerful state trading enterprises (STEs), which recurrently disapprove food products originating from Russia based on non-adherence to food quality standards. Our analysis shows that Russia is successfully working to open additional destination markets, while simultaneously impeding imports of food products that it aims to produce domestically.

APPROVED ; Interpretations of the period following the disintegration of the Carolingian empire in Western Europe at the end of the ninth century have long divided historians, between those who believe a violent rupture in political and social structures took place around the year 1000 and those who argue for an essential continuity. This thesis aims to transcend these debates, by approaching medieval society through a case-study in the Loire valley region relying on two fresh methodological insights. Firstly, it will investigate changes in the economic structures which provided society's material base; secondly, it will analyse how those ?lites claimed, performed and maintained their status. Based on these two approaches, the thesis explores changing patterns of ?lite behaviour in order to better understand the social and economic changes which took place from the late ninth century onwards. The thesis examines the effects of shifting landholding patterns, the emergence of seigneurial customs, changing attitudes to church patronage and lay violence, and the methods by which ?lites were identified in documents, to establish their implications for the ways by which ?lites could claim and maintain their status. It concludes that there was a significant and fundamental transformation of social and economic structures, beginning in the middle of the tenth century, in the middle Loire valley, although the pace of change is slower than would be appropriate for a 'Feudal Revolution'. Nevertheless, the breakdown of the Carolingian political order unleashed a wave of competition amongst local and regional ?lites, which saw them innovate and adapt the heritage of Carolingian culture to create a new, 'feudal' social order. This was fuelled by the changes in economic structures which provided ?lites with more wealth to promote their own status; the competition for status in turn fuelled ?lites' need for more wealth and their incentive for economic expansion.

Based on two studies with Bosniak and Croatian students in Bosnia and Herzegovina, this paper analyzes the effects of religiosity on intergroup forgiveness and reconciliation. Both Christianity and Islam advance forgiveness and reconciliation as one of the major moral imperatives. Previous studies also indicate that religiosity can increase readiness to grant forgiveness on the inter-personal level and facilitate rapprochement. When it comes to inter-group level, prescripts of religious piety often conflict with norms of group solidarity and care. Another set of research suggests that religion obstructs conflict transformation due to the dogmatic reasoning it promotes, including reframing of immanent disputes in transcendental (and thus non-negotiable) terms. This study initially tested whether adding religious symbols to conflict narratives impacts prosocial attitudes of respondents and came with negative results. In other words, adding religious codes to already known narratives about conflicts did not have a significant impact on participants' attitudes. In a subsequent SEM analysis, it was found that religiosity in both groups is strongly correlated with group-centricity, which negatively mediates its relationship with both forgiveness and reconciliation. We conclude that collectivistic forms of religiosity that privilege ingroup solidarity might have negative effects on intergroup forgiveness and reconciliation in post-conflict settings.

Based on two studies with Bosniak and Croatian students in Bosnia and Herzegovina, this paper analyzes the effects of religiosity on intergroup forgiveness and reconciliation. Both Christianity and Islam advance forgiveness and reconciliation as one of the major moral imperatives. Previous studies also indicate that religiosity can increase readiness to grant forgiveness on the inter-personal level and facilitate rapprochement. When it comes to inter-group level, prescripts of religious piety often conflict with norms of group solidarity and care. Another set of research suggests that religion obstructs conflict transformation due to the dogmatic reasoning it promotes, including reframing of immanent disputes in transcendental (and thus non-negotiable) terms. This study initially tested whether adding religious symbols to conflict narratives impacts prosocial attitudes of respondents and came with negative results. In other words, adding religious codes to already known narratives about conflicts did not have a significant impact on participants' attitudes. In a subsequent SEM analysis, it was found that religiosity in both groups is strongly correlated with group-centricity, which negatively mediates its relationship with both forgiveness and reconciliation. We conclude that collectivistic forms of religiosity that privilege ingroup solidarity might have negative effects on intergroup forgiveness and reconciliation in post-conflict settings.

[8], 188, 187-590, [14] p. ; E.G. = Edward Grimeston?. ; Translation of: Historia natural y moral de las Indias. ; The first leaf and the last leaf are blank. ; Includes index. ; A variant omits the words "the R.F." on the title page. ; Reproduction of the original in Cambridge University Library.

[12], 114, [2] p. ; The first leaf is blank except for a signature-mark and two headpieces. ; The last leaf is blank. ; Leaf [par. par.]2 is a cancel bearing verses by Robert Wright and John Budden. Variant (described by Madan): leaf [par. par.]2 is a conjugate blank. ; Reproduction of the original in the Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery.

A messenger relates details of the state of government. References are made to taxes, the nobility, the marriage of Louis XIII's sister, Henrietta Marie, etc. Against Richelieu. ; Electronic reproduction ; [2], 3-11 p. ; 16 cm.

1 broadside. ; At head of title: Apud Falkland vltimo die men[?]s Iulij, anno. Dom. 1599. ; Formerly STC 21956.--Cf. STC (2nd ed.). ; Imperfect: creased and torn with loss of print. ; Reproduction of original in the Bodleian Library.

Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- Helv. 659

Vorlageform des Erscheinungsvermerks: A COLOGNE. Par Hierome Bertulphe. 1574. [i.e. Genf: Jakob Stoer] ; Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- Gall.g. 484

Compilation of 150 ordinances proclaimed during the reign of Charles IX. The ordinances are divided into ecclesiastical, justice, the university, nobility, taxes, and commerce. Includes an index. ; Electronic reproduction; 38, [10] leaves ; 16 cm.

Composto Per Donato Giannotti ; Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: Regensburg, Staatliche Bibliothek -- 999/Hist.pol.200

[14], Clxiij leaves ; Imprint from colophon. ; Woodcut illustration on title page. ; Title page line 3 ends: "the". ; Folio xvi misnumbered xiiii. ; Some print faded and some pages stained. ; Reproduction of original in the National Library of Scotland.

[32] p. ; Dedication signed: Tho: Powell. ; Signatures: [A]² B-D⁴ E² . ; Reproduction of the original in the British Library.

[8], cc.lxiiii leaves ; Caption title. ; An enlarged edition of STC 9515.5; translated by John Rastell. ; Imprint from colophon. ; Reproduction of the original in the British Library.