Suchergebnisse

"The deployment of Autonomous Weapons gives rise to ongoing debate in society and at the United Nations, in the context of the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. Yet little empirical research has been done on this topic. This volume fills that gap by offering an empirical study based on military personnel and civilians working at the Dutch Ministry of Defence. It yields insight into how Autonomous Weapons are perceived by the military and general public; and which moral values are considered important in relation to their deployment. The research approach used is the Value-Sensitive Design (VSD) method that allows for the consideration of human values throughout the design process of technology. The outcome indicates that military personnel and civilians attribute more agency (the capacity to think and plan) to an Autonomous Weapon than to a Human Operated Drone. In addition, it is clear that common ground exists between military and societal groups in their perception of the values of human dignity and anxiety. These two values arise often in the discourse, and addressing them is essential when considering the ethics of the deployment of Autonomous Weapons. The text of this volume is also offered in parallel French and German translation"--

War leads to an overthrowing of points of reference & puts the relationship between morals & action at the heart of the profession of arms. Civil society is evolving, greatly modifying or even abandoning the hierarchy of values. There has been renewed interest on the question of ethics within France's armed forces, & many articles have been published. Today just as much as in the past, consciences, which concern culture, reflection & meditation, have to be reawakened. The military leader faced with issues of conscience will have to find the answers within himself. Adapted from the source document.

This research questions the idea of military ethics. Our work uses an analytical framework combining three different disciplines: Ethics of care, developed in moral philosophy, Stakeholder theory, from business ethics, New institutionalism theory, from management science. This framework is then applied on two different research fields: the first one deals with the study of battles where ethical stakes were particularly high: the battle of Alger, the Iraqi war, the Srebrenica battle.The second one is qualitative interviews with officers coming back from the battlefield: 10 US officers from the Iraqi conflict and 7 French militaries from Afghanistan. These two research fields are completed by an analysis of initial trainings made in France and in the US for officers. Research results shows military men act upon a feeling of care, particularly strong towards their regimental comrade. This is a true ethics of care, more than virtues or an attachment to great principles that drives soldiers and officers' action, even if this care to the other needs does not apply to all stakeholders, only to people from the same unit. Lessons of this work can lead to future researches not only for soldiers and officers trainings, but also in values, ethics and corporate culture.The research originality is also in the implementation of ethics of care and stakeholder theory upon military organisations. ; Ce travail de recherche vise à questionner le concept d'éthique militaire. Le travail s'appuie sur une grille analytique combinant trois théories venant de trois disciplines différentes : l'éthique du care, développée en philosophie morale, la théorie des parties prenantes, en éthique des affaires, les approches néo-institutionnelles, en sciences de gestion. Cette grille est ensuite appliquée à deux terrains différents : le premier terrain concerne l'étude de batailles aux enjeux moraux particulièrement exacerbés : la bataille d'Alger, la guerre en Irak, la bataille de Srebrenica. Le deuxième terrain consiste en des entretiens ...

This research questions the idea of military ethics. Our work uses an analytical framework combining three different disciplines: Ethics of care, developed in moral philosophy, Stakeholder theory, from business ethics, New institutionalism theory, from management science. This framework is then applied on two different research fields: the first one deals with the study of battles where ethical stakes were particularly high: the battle of Alger, the Iraqi war, the Srebrenica battle.The second one is qualitative interviews with officers coming back from the battlefield: 10 US officers from the Iraqi conflict and 7 French militaries from Afghanistan. These two research fields are completed by an analysis of initial trainings made in France and in the US for officers. Research results shows military men act upon a feeling of care, particularly strong towards their regimental comrade. This is a true ethics of care, more than virtues or an attachment to great principles that drives soldiers and officers' action, even if this care to the other needs does not apply to all stakeholders, only to people from the same unit. Lessons of this work can lead to future researches not only for soldiers and officers trainings, but also in values, ethics and corporate culture.The research originality is also in the implementation of ethics of care and stakeholder theory upon military organisations. ; Ce travail de recherche vise à questionner le concept d'éthique militaire. Le travail s'appuie sur une grille analytique combinant trois théories venant de trois disciplines différentes : l'éthique du care, développée en philosophie morale, la théorie des parties prenantes, en éthique des affaires, les approches néo-institutionnelles, en sciences de gestion. Cette grille est ensuite appliquée à deux terrains différents : le premier terrain concerne l'étude de batailles aux enjeux moraux particulièrement exacerbés : la bataille d'Alger, la guerre en Irak, la bataille de Srebrenica. Le deuxième terrain consiste en des entretiens ...

This research questions the idea of military ethics. Our work uses an analytical framework combining three different disciplines: Ethics of care, developed in moral philosophy, Stakeholder theory, from business ethics, New institutionalism theory, from management science. This framework is then applied on two different research fields: the first one deals with the study of battles where ethical stakes were particularly high: the battle of Alger, the Iraqi war, the Srebrenica battle.The second one is qualitative interviews with officers coming back from the battlefield: 10 US officers from the Iraqi conflict and 7 French militaries from Afghanistan. These two research fields are completed by an analysis of initial trainings made in France and in the US for officers. Research results shows military men act upon a feeling of care, particularly strong towards their regimental comrade. This is a true ethics of care, more than virtues or an attachment to great principles that drives soldiers and officers' action, even if this care to the other needs does not apply to all stakeholders, only to people from the same unit. Lessons of this work can lead to future researches not only for soldiers and officers trainings, but also in values, ethics and corporate culture.The research originality is also in the implementation of ethics of care and stakeholder theory upon military organisations. ; Ce travail de recherche vise à questionner le concept d'éthique militaire. Le travail s'appuie sur une grille analytique combinant trois théories venant de trois disciplines différentes : l'éthique du care, développée en philosophie morale, la théorie des parties prenantes, en éthique des affaires, les approches néo-institutionnelles, en sciences de gestion. Cette grille est ensuite appliquée à deux terrains différents : le premier terrain concerne l'étude de batailles aux enjeux moraux particulièrement exacerbés : la bataille d'Alger, la guerre en Irak, la bataille de Srebrenica. Le deuxième terrain consiste en des entretiens ...

Ecrite entre 1386 et 1389 pour le jeune roi français Charles VI dans une situation d'instabilité extrême causée par la guerre avec l'Angleterre et le Grand Schisme, cette oeuvre d'un clerc et juriste provençal constitue un miroir de prince très particulier. Sur la base de sources latines, les quatre livres réunissent un abrégé de l'histoire d'Israël et de l'Eglise catholique, un résumé de l'histoire des quatre royaumes de l'Antiquité et un traité sur les problèmes juridiques de la guerre. L'auteur insiste sur les conséquences dévastatrices des conflits guerriers, sociaux ou religieux. Il incite le jeune roi à exercer le pouvoir de manière juste et à rétablir la paix dans le monde chrétien. Le texte s'est répandu immédiatement parmi la noblesse, du Sud de l'Europe jusqu'en Ecosse, et principalement à Paris. Parmi les quatre-vingt-sept manuscrits conservés, celui qui sert de base à l'édition présente est le plus ancien manuscrit daté et localisé (Paris, 1397).

Kopft. ; Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: Regensburg, Staatliche Bibliothek -- 999/Hist.pol.3200(2

In a number of incidents, particularly in Rwanda (1990- 1994) & in Cote d'Ivoire (2004), the behavior of certain French soldiers as regards their respect for military ethics & war ethics has been questioned. Can the hypothesis that democracies are increasingly taking liberties with the ethical standards in post-Cold War conflicts, liberties that are illustrated by the attitude of the US forces in Iraq, be applied to the French army? On the contrary. There has been a reinforcement of external & especially internal control of soldiers' behavior in these conflicts. This is reflected particularly in a special concern for the issues of civilian losses, the controlled use of force as well as the implementation of a voluntaristic policy by the Army high command as regards the ethics of the military career since the French Army has become a professional one. The various forms of human rights violations committed in operations conducted since the end of the Cold War are analyzed here to assess the change in behavior of the Army as regards ethics. Adapted from the source document.

Cet article présente un tableau sombre de la situation archéologique en Syrie après plusieurs années de conflit militaire. L'analyse présentée met en évidence le rôle négatif de la Direction Générale des Antiquités et des Musées (DGAM) et en particulier sa subordination aux ordres de la propagande de l'autorité politique du pays. Nous observons également avec les changements qui ont eu lieu à la tête de cette institution à la fin de 2017, un refus ferme de coopérer avec les spécialistes syriens qui ont émigré au début de la crise, Les conséquences de cette attitude vont rendre les projets de reconstruction du patrimoine ancien de la Syrie caduque. La DGAM étant l'unique autorité en Syrie après dix années de soulèvement, va engager la « question archéologique syrienne » dans un cycle infernal qui l'amènera vers la ruine et la perte de toutes ses valeurs nobles et particulièrement de l'« archéologie de l'humain ». ; This article offers a bleak view of the desperate situation of Syria's national heritage after from nine years of military conflict. The study describes the negative role of the current archaeological authorities (DGAM), in particular their subordination to the current powers. The study also highlights the changes stemming from the staunch refusal of the DGAM since the end of 2017 to cooperate with qualified Syrian cadres who emigrated at the outset of the crisis which has led to the abandonment of reconstruction projects of ancient Syrian heritage. The DGAM as the sole authority in Syria after ten years of conflict is guiding the "Syrian archaeological question" into an infernal cycle toward a state of shambles and the loss of all its noble values, particularly those of "human archaeology".

Legal and non-legal norm -- Les limites des pouvoirs du Conseil de Sécurité -- Security Council's targeted sanctions against presumed terrorists : the need to comply with human rights standards -- Limits to the use of force imposed by international law current problems -- Will current international crises result in structural shifts in international law? -- Terrorism and the legality of pre-emptive force -- Peacekeeping and international humanitarian law friends or foes? -- Obligations and protection of individuals -- Verification of disarmament treaties -- Non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction treaty regimes between efficiency and discrimination -- Le droit de la guerre et les nations unies a propos des incidents armés au Congo -- The historical evolution of international humanitarian law, international human rights law, refugee law and international criminal law -- Multiculturalism and the development of international humanitarian law -- Setting the scene new technologies - new challenges for IHL? -- De facto control of land or sea areas its relevance under the law of armed conflict, in particular air and missile warfare -- The international committee of the red cross and the additional protocols of 1977 -- Protection of the environment in times of armed conflict -- Legal restraints on targeting protection of civilian population and the changing faces of modern conflict -- The ethics, principles and objectives of protection of the environment in times of armed conflict -- The ILC special rapporteur's preliminary report on the protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts an important step in the right direction -- Protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts a preliminary comment on the work of the international law commission -- Le sort des blessés et malades un but fondamental de la croix-rouge -- Relief actions the position of the recipient state -- Human rights law and international humanitarian law as limits of security council action -- Beginning and end of occupation -- Limits of the right of expropriation (requisition) and of movement restrictions in occupied territory -- Cutting off electricity and water supply for the Gaza strip limits under international law -- The right to provide and receive humanitarian assistance in occupied territories - neutrality in naval warfare what is left of traditional international law? -- Conflits armés internes et droit international humanitaire -- Fact-finding as a means of ensuring respect for international humanitarian law -- Remedies of victims of war crimes and crimes against humanities some critical remarks on the ICJ's judgment on the jurisdictional immunity of states -- Prevention and repression of breaches of international humanitarian law -- Complementarity ensuring compliance with international law through criminal prosecutions - whose responsibility? -- The role of national law in the implementation of international humanitarian law.