Suchergebnisse

The article analyzes Lak proverbs about money. The research was based on the descriptive method, quantitative analysis, semantic analysis, syntactic analysis and cognitive analysis. The proverbs collected from 2 books of Lak proverbs were analyzed from the point of view of vocabulary, semantics and syntax. Lexical and semantic analysis revealed the following lexemes representing the concept 'money': artsu 'silver', 'money', ashrapi 'golden coin', appasi 'twenty kopecks', kapik 'kopeck', qurush 'rouble', musi 'gold' shahi 'five kopecks', khazina 'trasure'. The most representative lexeme in this row is artsy, while the least represented is shahi. The proverbs have been subdivided into several layers: (1) money as a value; (2) money is evil; (3) money is intelligence; (4) money is labour; (5) money is not the most important thing. Syntactical analysis has revealed the presence of proverbs with asyndetic structure within which there have been established adversative, concessive and comparative relations, as well as of proverbs with copulative, disjunctive, adversative and conditional conjunctions. The most widely represented are the proverbs with copulative conjunctions, the most polysemantic of which is the conjunction -gu which depending on the context can render collective meaning in combination with numerals; the meaning 'although' and 'even if' with verbs; intensive meaning with the negative verb; and the meaning 'at least' in other expressions. Some of the proverbs are based on the principle of alogism. Some of the proverbs are based on the principle of metaphoric transference. The concept 'money' has not been studied earlier on the material of Lak proverbs which renders this research relevant.

After launching a partnership with the Rwandan government to drive the country's payment system from a cash-based economy to a cashless one, Visa was the first – and until today the only - major credit card company to enter the Rwandan Market fully in 2012. In July 2013 the Bank of Kigali together with VISA launched mVISA, an interoperable mobile branchless banking solution. The goal of mVISA is to meet the needs of underserved and unbanked Rwandans by providing relevant, affordable and accessible financial services. The mVISA product is a digital wallet that targets 55 per cent of the country's population of 10.5 million that currently have mobile phones. It will allow clients to easily access their bank's account via their phone and also encourage non- account holders mainly rural folks to become bankable. For VISA to achieve their goal of bringing millions of additional people to profit from digital payment, the general public needs to know where to find an mVisa agent who can pay real cash withdrawn or transferred from remote accounts. To address this challenge Visa Rwanda mandated an ArcGIS Online solution showing the location and additional details of all the newly established mVisa agents. As there is no basis for an automated geocoding yet for the whole of the country (no street names, house numbers, etc.) the mVisa Agent locations have to be collected using a GPS. Using public transport and motorbike taxis in rural areas, each agent is visited and the data thus collected is uploaded to ArcGIS Online. The resulting map is updated on a monthly basis with newly registered agents and is shared with the general public. Currently mVisa is being used by Bank of Kigali (BK) and the Urwego Opportunity Bank (UOB). ; After launching a partnership with the Rwandan government to drive the country's payment system from a cash-based economy to a cashless one, Visa was the first – and until today the only - major credit card company to enter the Rwandan Market fully in 2012. In July 2013 the Bank of Kigali together with VISA launched mVISA, an interoperable mobile branchless banking solution. The goal of mVISA is to meet the needs of underserved and unbanked Rwandans by providing relevant, affordable and accessible financial services. The mVISA product is a digital wallet that targets 55 per cent of the country's population of 10.5 million that currently have mobile phones. It will allow clients to easily access their bank's account via their phone and also encourage non- account holders mainly rural folks to become bankable. For VISA to achieve their goal of bringing millions of additional people to profit from digital payment, the general public needs to know where to find an mVisa agent who can pay real cash withdrawn or transferred from remote accounts. To address this challenge Visa Rwanda mandated an ArcGIS Online solution showing the location and additional details of all the newly established mVisa agents. As there is no basis for an automated geocoding yet for the whole of the country (no street names, house numbers, etc.) the mVisa Agent locations have to be collected using a GPS. Using public transport and motorbike taxis in rural areas, each agent is visited and the data thus collected is uploaded to ArcGIS Online. The resulting map is updated on a monthly basis with newly registered agents and is shared with the general public. Currently mVisa is being used by Bank of Kigali (BK) and the Urwego Opportunity Bank (UOB).

The paper discusses the endogenous nature of money supply for national economy in conditions of financial assets digitalization. The relevance of the research is justified by a changing economic environment in which money and other financial assets can act in a digital form. The objective of the study is to describe the possible changes in the money supply with adding digital financial assets to the household portfolio with the use of endoteric approach. We use the post-Keynesian postulates, in particular, horizontalizm, to describe the process of endogenous money creation by the banking system through lending. The underlying methodology is based on the use of stock-flow consistent (SFC) modeling approach. Unlike previous research, the article considers a wider range of financial instruments in portfolios of macroeconomic agents, which made it possible to specify the demand for credit more fully. It is concluded that the adding "new" digital financial assets to portfolios is likely to affect the expansion of savings diversification, rather than endogenous money supply. The importance of real output and disposable income growth for changing in savings, investments and the demand for credit is outlined.

The Russian Federation has a consistent policy to combat money laundering and corruption. The fight against these negative phenomena requires further improvement of the regulatory, supervisory and monitoring and law enforcement efforts as well as focused activities of the government bodies in the financial and economic sphere through the formulation and joint implementation of special measures in this area.The article uses an integrated approach, system analysis, analysis of research results of a wide range of domestic and foreign works, synthesis of managerial decisions.The paper outlines causes and conditions underlying money laundering and corruption and proposes targeted economic and financial measures to prevent and combat these phenomena. The author points out that specific management and organizational measures based on the proposed approach should be worked out and applied. ; В Российской Федерации проводится последовательная политика по борьбе с легализацией преступных доходов и коррупции. Цель статьи —показать, что эффективное противодействие этим негативным явлениям может быть обеспечено лишь при условии дополнительных мероприятий, осуществляемых в сферах совершенствования нормативно-правовой, контрольно-надзорной, правоохранительной, правоприменительной деятельности, направленной активностью органов государственного управления в финансово-экономической сфере, через формирование специального комплекса мероприятий в этой сфере. В статье используются комплексный подход, методы системного анализа, анализ результатов научных исследований в виде широкого спектра отечественных и зарубежных работ, метод синтеза управленческих решений. В результате исследования сформирован уточненный комплекс причин и условий феноменов легализации и коррупции, предложен комплекс финансово-экономических мер противодействия данным явлениям. В дальнейшем необходимо отрабатывать конкретные управленческие и организационные мероприятия на основе предложенного подхода.

The Government of Rwanda has adopted a very ambitious financial sectordevelopment plan which is at the implementation stage. This has made the administration to create atleast one SACCO at every administrative level hence known as '' umurenge''. This plan is captured in the vision 2020 under the Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy (EDPRS). It is realized that micro financial institutions MFIs is an important sector in mobilising savings and availability of credit at reasonable rates and other financial services for investment to the rural majority. However, despite all these effort by Government, the level of domestic savings remains very low and the financial exclusion highly alarming. MFIs is a strategy to eradicate poverty amongst the vulnerable youth and women. Mobile money is a tool to allow individuals to transact using cell phone technology. The study will explore how Digital Economy has gained competitive advantage over SACCOs/ MFIs. The study is motivated by the acceptance and embracing of technology (ICT) amongst low income earners giving it competitive advantage and encouraging e-commerce services in Rwanda. A qualitative analysis will be undertaken, and an in depth examination of the variables using business models to establish a relationship in the Rwandan context. ; The Government of Rwanda has adopted a very ambitious financial sectordevelopment plan which is at the implementation stage. This has made the administration to create atleast one SACCO at every administrative level hence known as '' umurenge''. This plan is captured in the vision 2020 under the Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy (EDPRS). It is realized that micro financial institutions MFIs is an important sector in mobilising savings and availability of credit at reasonable rates and other financial services for investment to the rural majority. However, despite all these effort by Government, the level of domestic savings remains very low and the financial exclusion highly alarming. MFIs is a strategy to eradicate poverty amongst the vulnerable youth and women. Mobile money is a tool to allow individuals to transact using cell phone technology. The study will explore how Digital Economy has gained competitive advantage over SACCOs/ MFIs. The study is motivated by the acceptance and embracing of technology (ICT) amongst low income earners giving it competitive advantage and encouraging e-commerce services in Rwanda. A qualitative analysis will be undertaken, and an in depth examination of the variables using business models to establish a relationship in the Rwandan context.

The evolution of the market economy models for the last 150 years has been considered in the article. The modern mixed type of the economy and contemporary form of money is discussed on the basis of definitions "ideal economic forms" and "economic form of government" implemented into the scientific analysis. The results can be used in economic theory and methodology. ; Рассматривается эволюция моделей рыночной экономики за последние 150 лет. Исследуется современный, смешанный тип экономики и современная денежная форма на основе введения в научный анализ понятий «идеальные экономические формы» и «экономическая форма государства». Результаты могут быть полезны в экономической теории и методологии.

The article based on an integrated approach to developed within the European Union mechanisms of preventing crimes, which affect the financial interests of the EU. In terms of specific examples the legal basis of anti-corruption interaction, especially the structural building of the basic institutions of the European Union, are analyzed. The article discusses the information potential to facilitate the implementation of effective cooperation among the competent authorities in the sphere of combating corruption, fraud, money laundering and other economic crimes. ; В статье с учетом комплексного подхода рассматриваются механизмы противодействия преступлениям, затрагивающим финансовые интересы Европейского Союза. На конкретных примерах анализируются правовые основы борьбы с коррупцией, легализацией преступных доходов и другими связанными с ними экономическими преступлениями. Автор раскрывает особенности структурного построения основных институтов и органов Европейского Союза и созданный межгосударственный информационный потенциал, способствующие эффективному взаимодействию компетентных органов в сфере противодействия преступлениям, затрагивающим финансовые интересы данной международной организации.

This article considers the understudied aspect of financial history in the final period of the Civil War in Eastern Siberia. The author aims to describe the correlation between the financial and economic activities of the partisans and the Yenisei Provincial Revolutionary Committee during the restoration of Soviet power and their policies. With the help of a comparison between the forms of financial policies of the rebels and the Soviet government, the comparative-historical and problem-chronological methods make it possible to track the dynamics in the economic sphere of the region. The author demonstrates the connection of the issue considered in the article and the general historiography of the situation with the circulation of money in Siberia during the Civil War. The research is based on office records from the Soviet period as well as unpublished documents (orders, minute books, correspondence) of revolutionary committees of Yenisei Region which are first introduced into scholarly circulation (from the funds of the State Archive of the Russian Federation, the Russian State Archive of the Economy, the State Archive of Krasnoyarsk Krai, the State Archives of Novosibirsk and Tomsk Regions, and the Krasnoyarsk Regional Museum of Local History). Having examined the monetary activities of the partisans and the Soviet authorities in Yenisei Province, the author concludes that in the first half of 1920, the "rebel view" on the regulation of the financial and economic spheres persisted in the region. The experience of the pro-Soviet and Soviet authorities of Yenisei Province is another indication of the fact that during the Civil War, the issue of their own money was the key method for solving financial difficulties for all authorities, regardless of the degree of their legitimacy and political stance. ; Исследование посвящено малоизученному аспекту финансовой истории в заключительный период Гражданской войны в Восточной Сибири. Цель работы — осветить взаимосвязь финансово-экономических мероприятий партизан и Енисейского губернского ревкома в период восстановления советской власти с проводимой ими политикой в целом. Сравнительно-исторический и проблемно-хронологический методы позволили, сопоставив формы финансовой политики повстанцев и советской власти, отследить динамику в экономической сфере региона. Представлена связь вопроса, рассматриваемого в статье, с общей историографией ситуации в денежном обращении в Сибири в годы Гражданской войны. Основой для исследования стали делопроизводственные источники, опуб­ликованные в советский период, а также неопубликованные документы (приказы, протоколы заседаний, переписка) ревкомов Енисейской губернии, впервые вводимые в научный оборот (из фондов Государственного архива Российской Федерации, Российского государственного архива экономики, Государственного архива Красноярского края, Государственного архива Новосибирской области, Государственного архива Томской области, Красноярского краевого краеведческого музея). В результате рассмотрения денежно-­эмиссионных мероприятий просоветских и советских властей Енисейской губернии автор приходит к выводу о том, что в первой половине 1920 г. в регионе продолжало отмечаться «повстанческое видение» регулирования финансово-экономической сферы. Опыт просоветских и советских властей Енисейской губернии в очередной раз свидетельствует о том, что в период Гражданской войны выпуск собственных денег выступал ключевым методом решения финансовых затруднений у всех властей, вне зависимости от степени их легитимности и политических воззрений.

Поступила в редакцию: 05.11.2019. Принята к печати: 15.12.2020. ; Submitted: 05.11.2019. Accepted: 15.12.2020. ; Исследование посвящено малоизученному аспекту финансовой истории в заключительный период Гражданской войны в Восточной Сибири. Цель работы — осветить взаимосвязь финансово-экономических мероприятий партизан и Енисейского губернского ревкома в период восстановления советской власти с проводимой ими политикой в целом. Сравнительно-исторический и проблемно-хронологический методы позволили, сопоставив формы финансовой политики повстанцев и советской власти, отследить динамику в экономической сфере региона. Представлена связь вопроса, рассматриваемого в статье, с общей историографией ситуации в денежном обращении в Сибири в годы Гражданской войны. Основой для исследования стали делопроизводственные источники, опуб ликованные в советский период, а также неопубликованные документы (приказы, протоколы заседаний, переписка) ревкомов Енисейской губернии, впервые вводимые в научный оборот (из фондов Государственного архива Российской Федерации, Российского государственного архива экономики, Государственного архива Красноярского края, Государственного архива Новосибирской области, Государственного архива Томской области, Красноярского краевого краеведческого музея). В результате рассмотрения денежно- эмиссионных мероприятий просоветских и советских властей Енисейской губернии автор приходит к выводу о том, что в первой половине 1920 г. в регионе продолжало отмечаться «повстанческое видение» регулирования финансово-экономической сферы. Опыт просоветских и советских властей Енисейской губернии в очередной раз свидетельствует о том, что в период Гражданской войны выпуск собственных денег выступал ключевым методом решения финансовых затруднений у всех властей, вне зависимости от степени их легитимности и политических воззрений. ; This article considers the understudied aspect of financial history in the final period of the Civil War in Eastern Siberia. The author aims to describe the correlation between the financial and economic activities of the partisans and the Yenisei Provincial Revolutionary Committee during the restoration of Soviet power and their policies. With the help of a comparison between the forms of financial policies of the rebels and the Soviet government, the comparative-historical and problem-chronological methods make it possible to track the dynamics in the economic sphere of the region. The author demonstrates the connection of the issue considered in the article and the general historiography of the situation with the circulation of money in Siberia during the Civil War. The research is based on office records from the Soviet period as well as unpublished documents (orders, minute books, correspondence) of revolutionary committees of Yenisei Region which are first introduced into scholarly circulation (from the funds of the State Archive of the Russian Federation, the Russian State Archive of the Economy, the State Archive of Krasnoyarsk Krai, the State Archives of Novosibirsk and Tomsk Regions, and the Krasnoyarsk Regional Museum of Local History). Having examined the monetary activities of the partisans and the Soviet authorities in Yenisei Province, the author concludes that in the first half of 1920, the "rebel view" on the regulation of the financial and economic spheres persisted in the region. The experience of the pro-Soviet and Soviet authorities of Yenisei Province is another indication of the fact that during the Civil War, the issue of their own money was the key method for solving financial difficulties for all authorities, regardless of the degree of their legitimacy and political stance.

The article explores modern trends in the development of digital money. The purpose of the article is to identify and analyze the risks of digital money, and to study scientific approaches and tools for managing these risks. The authors use general scientific and special research methods, including comparative legal analysis and a systematization method, as well as methods of economic theory: positive analysis and scientific abstraction. The research highlights the strategic challenges and guidelines in the development of digital money in the Russian Federation and shows the difference and common features of digital and electronic money. Based on a comparative analysis of private and national digital money, we conclude that the digital money of Central Banks is more flexible and more reliable for consumers than private cryptocurrencies. We systematize the risks of digital money circulation at the micro, mezzo and macro levels, as well as identify the essential tools for managing them. The authors note that exogenous risk management tools are more typical for private cryptocurrencies, and endogenous tools will apply to digital money of central banks, in particular, the development of an appropriate configuration of Central Bank digital currency. The study may be useful for digital money users, as well as government agencies implementing policies and regulations on the issue and circulation of digital money in Russia. ; Статья посвящена исследованию современных тенденций в развитии цифровых денег. Цель статьи состоит в идентификации и анализе рисков, присущих цифровым деньгам, и определении научных подходов и инструментов управления обозначенными рисками. Авторы используют общенаучные и специальные методы исследования, включая сравнительно-правовой анализ и метод систематизации, а также методы экономической теории: позитивного анализа и научной абстракции. Выделены стратегические вызовы и ориентиры в развитии цифровых денег в Российской Федерации. Показаны отличие и общие черты цифровых и электронных денег. На основе сравнительного анализа характеристик частных и национальных цифровых денег сделан вывод, что цифровые деньги центробанков обладают большей гибкостью и более надежны для потребителей, чем частные криптовалюты. Систематизированы риски обращения цифровых денег на микро-, мезо- и макроуровнях, а также необходимый инструментарий для управления ими. Авторы отмечают, что для частных криптовалют более характерны экзогенные инструменты управления рисками, а для цифровых денег центральных банков актуальны эндогенные инструменты, в частности разработка соответствующей конфигурации цифровой валюты центробанка. Результаты исследования могут быть полезны для пользователей цифровых денег, а также для государственных органов при реализации политики в области регулирования эмиссии и обращения цифровых денег в России.

The article is dedicated to the cognitive study of the semantic structure of the German concepts Money and Politics, which are reconstructed by four conceptual features: anthropomorphic, artifact, social and natural. These metaphors describe the social reality (finance and political relations) and reflect experience and knowledge of the modern German language culture. ; В статье описываются семантические особенности экспликации немецких концептосфер «Деньги» и «Политика», в структуре которых выделяются четыре когнитивных признака: антропоморфный, предметный, социальный и природный. Данные номинации метафорически представляют опыт и знания о сфере денежных и социальных отношений, аккумулированные в современной немецкой лингвокультуре.