Moski in zaposlovanje v predsolski vzgoji
In: Uprava, Band 8, Heft 4, S. 143-167
In: Uprava, Band 8, Heft 4, S. 143-167
Izziv za raziskovanje predstavlja analiza, koliko denarnih sredstev Latvija in Slovenija prispevata v proračun EU ter koliko se v izbrani državi vrne preko evropskih skladov. Namen analize v magistrskem delu je analizirati področja, ki jih ti dve državi prednostno obravnavata in njuno učinkovitost pri doseganju zastavljenih ciljev v finančni perspektivi 2014 - 2020. Opisovanje dejstev in pojmov ter njihovo preučevanje na podlagi tuje in domače strokovne literature temelji na metodi deskripcije. Zbiranje številčnih podatkov in statističnih analiz je izvedeno s kvantitativno metodo. Z metodo komparacije je bila izvedena primerjava med državama, z metodo kompilacije pa je bila izvedena potrditev oziroma zavrnitev hipotez. Z analizo je bilo ugotovljeno, da prebivalec Latvije prejme več sredstev iz skladov EU kot prebivalec Slovenije, kljub temu, da prebivalec Slovenije prispeva v proračun EU več kot prebivalec Latvije. Prejeta sredstva kohezijskega sklada na prebivalca so odvisna od BDP na prebivalca in tako vplivajo na razvitost države. Latvija iz kohezijskega sklada prejme več sredstev kot Slovenija, ima pa nižji BDP na prebivalca kot Slovenija. Slovenija uspešneje črpa sredstva Evropskega socialnega sklada in sredstva za področje razvoja in inovacij. Analiza pripomore k temu, da bo pri naslednji finančni perspektivi omogočena večja učinkovitost pri pridobivanju in koriščenju sredstev EU. Analiza je pokazatelj uspešnosti držav pri črpanju sredstev, ugotavlja pa tudi kazalnike porabljenih sredstev. Z uspešnim črpanjem sredstev iz evropskih skladov je mogoč razvoj in rast v državi, predvsem na področju gospodarskega, ekonomskega in socialnega stanja. ; A challenge for the research is mainly to analyse how much money do Latvia and Slovenia contribute to the European Union's budget and how much money do they recompensate from the European funds. The purpose of the analysis is to find out which areas do the two countries treat with the highest priority and also to find out how effective they are in achieving the set goals of the 2014 – 2020 financial perspective. Description of facts and concepts, as well as their study on the basis of foreign and domestic scientific literature, was based on the method of description. Collection of numerical data and statistical analyses were carried out using the quantitative method. The comparison method was used to conduct a comparison between the countries, whereas the compilation method was used to confirm or reject the hypotheses. The analysis showed that a resident of Latvia receives more financial means from the EU funds than a resident of Slovenia. Furthermore, the latter also contributes more to the EU budget than the resident of Latvia. Cohesion fund's received financial means per capita depend on gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and thus affect the country's development. Latvia receives more such means and also has lower GDP per capita than Slovenia. However, Slovenia is more efficient at using the resources of the European Social Fund and Funds for research and innovation. The analysis that was carried out aids in the improvement of next financial perspective to be more efficient in gaining and using the EU funds. It is also an indicator of how successful both countries are when it comes to using EU funds and what are the indicators of the funds used. The successful absorption of European funds enables the development and growth of the country, especially in the economic and social perspective.
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V prvem delu magistrskega dela sem se osredotočil na zgodovino in organiziranost gasilcev v Sloveniji in Združenih državah Amerike, predstavil sem požarno preventivo in vzroke za požare. V svetu požari postajajo vedno večji problem, saj zaradi klimatskih sprememb, staranja prebivalstva, malomarnosti ljudi, nepazljivosti, novih tehnologij, različnih novih materialov in zmanjševanja vlaganj v požarno varnost lahko povzročijo vse večjo premoženjsko, materialno in človeško škodo. S tem lahko opozorimo na dejstvo, da je gasilstvo zelo pomembna družbena panoga, ki pa je v Sloveniji slabše cenjena kot v Združenih državah Amerike. K znanju in usposobljenosti gasilcev izjemno pripomorejo zgodovina, organiziranost in vlaganje denarja. Seveda ne smemo pozabiti tudi na izboljševanje zakonodaje področja požarne varnosti, ki zajema tako načrtovanje požarne varnosti in tudi samo gašenje požarov. Organiziranost gasilcev v Sloveniji in Združenih državah Amerike je različno, saj se zdi da so ameriški gasilci bolje tehnično in organizacijsko izurjeni. V zgodovini obeh držav se je zgodilo mnogo uničujočih požarov, ki so terjali veliko smrtnih žrtev in premoženja. V drugem delu magistrskega dela sem opravil statistično analizo števila požarov in škode, ki je pri tem nastala v Sloveniji in v Združenih državah Amerike v obdobju od leta 1992 do leta 2018. V Sloveniji se vsako leto zgodi od 4000 do 6000 požarov, v Združenih državah Amerike pa se v zadnjih letih zgodi od 1,3 milijona do 1,6 milijona požarov letno. Najpogostejši požari so požari v objektih, v prometu, v naravi in v komunalnih ali drugih zabojnikih. V Sloveniji se skozi leta število požarov drastično ni spremenilo, vendar pa število ves čas niha. V Združenih državah Amerike se je število požarov iz leta 1992 zmanjšalo za okoli 25 %. Število poškodovanih v požarih se v Sloveniji v zadnjih letih malce zvišuje, število smrtnih žrtev požara pa ostaja dokaj konstantno. V Združenih državah Amerike obe ti številki skozi leta padata. Izjema je le leto 2001, ko se je zgodil napad na World Trade Center. Premoženjska škoda, ki je nastala v požarih, je v Sloveniji v zadnjih letih okoli 7 milijonov evrov, v Združenih državah Amerike pa se ta številka že več kot 15 let vrti okoli 15 milijard dolarjev. Spet pa je izjema leto 2001 zaradi napada v New Yorku, ki je povzročil več kot 30 milijard denarne škode. ; In the first part of the master's degree thesis, I focused on the history and organization of firefighters in Slovenia and United States of America, I presented fire prevention and the causes of fires. In the world, fires are becoming an increasing problem, as they can cause increasing property, material and human damage due to climate change, population aging, human negligence, carelessness, new technologies, various new materials and reduced investment in fire safety. Therefore, firefighting is a very important social sector, which is less valued in Slovenia than in the United States. History, organization and investment of money contribute enormously to the knowledge and skills of firefighters. Of course, we must not forget to improve the legislation in the field of fire safety, which includes both fire safety planning and firefighting itself. The organization of firefighters in Slovenia and the United States is different, it seems that American firefighters are better technically and organizationally trained. In addition, this profession is also more valued there. There have been many devastating fires in the history of both countries, claiming many lives and property. In the second part of my master's degree thesis, I performed a statistical analysis of the number of fires and damage that occurred in Slovenia and the United States in the period from 1992 to 2018. In Slovenia, between 4,000 and 6,000 fires occur every year. In the United States, however, 1.3 million to 1.6 million fires have occurred in recent years. The most common fires are fires in buildings, in traffic, in nature, and in communal or other containers. In Slovenia, the number of fires has not changed drastically over the years, the number fluctuates all the time. In the United States, however, the number of fires in 1992 fell by about 25 percents. The number of people injured in fires in Slovenia has been rising slightly in recent years, while the number of fatalities in fires has remained fairly constant. In the United States, however, both of these numbers have been falling over the years. The only exception is 2001, when the attack on the World Trade Center took place. The property damage caused by fires in Slovenia in recent years is around 7 million euros, and in the United States this figure has been hovering around 15 billion dollars for more than 15 years. Again, the exception is 2001 due to the attack in New York, which caused more than 30 billion in monetary damage.
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