Suchergebnisse

Prepared by the Department on foreign economic problems of capitalism, Institute of the world economy and international relations, U.S.S.R. academy of sciences.

Monopoli sebagai anak keturunan dari ekonomi kapitalis dengan pandangan hidup liberalnya,banyak ditentang oleh masyarakat. Sebab monopoli ternyata membawa dampaknegatif bagi kompetisi pasar yang sehat. Pada pasar monopolis produsen-produsen laintidak akan dapat bertahan., bahkan yang lebih buruk produktifitas dengan sengajaditurunkan demi tujuan politis, yaitu mengatur harga agar maksimal. Maka dengansendirinya akan terjadi kelangkaan akan barang (scarcity) dan dampaknya akansangatdirasakan oleh masyarakat (konsumen). Islam dengan sistem ekonominya mencobauntukmementahkan ideologi monopolistik dengan memunculkan berbagai konsep baruyang bertentangan dengan sistem ekonomi kapitalis.

In the West, at least, monopolies are generally thought to be threatening. An illustration of this concern about the potential consequences of a dominant presence in a market is the fact that most Western countries have introduced anti‐monopoly legislation. Rightly or wrongly, the presence of a monopolist suggests to many that the purchaser of goods or services from such an organisation will not get value for his money. It is often argued that the monopolist will seek to make unnecessarily large profits, or that he will be inefficient and in turn that this will result in his selling prices being higher than they ought. Little attention is usually paid in such discussion to what the economists call "non‐price variables". However, by implication at least, in this respect too, the seller is thought to perform at a lower level than he might under competition (for example, specification, delivery and service).

This book is a key example of the emergence of public choice theory by an economist who was to become one of its major exponents. It combines a detailed, critical study of the Monopolies Commission, with an analysis of the economic issues involved in monopoly supervision and control.