Suchergebnisse

Nowadays, the issue of resource saving is increasingly brought up for discussion. This is due to serious concerns about the problem of Ecology, depletion of land resources and economic efficiency of production. Resource saving is a set of measures associated with the economical and efficient use of different production factors. The Government plays a significant part in the formation and development of resource saving in the country. Such important instruments of regulation of spheres of economic activity as investment, monetary, tax, price, legislative, program–target, informational, administrative–organizational and managerial and stimulating, on the one hand, allow to support organizations, on the other hand, limit and control them, setting the direction of development of their activities to conserve natural resources. As the title implies the article describes the main factors of influence and directions of state regulation of the resource–saving development management system of the enterprise in different countries. Factors of external and internal influence on the management of the development of resource conservation of the enterprise were clustered and considered. The article gives a detailed analysis the crucial of public policy for development resource conservation of enterprises, because a major reforms, modernization and re–equipment process of enterprises are impossible without strong state support. Much attention is given to determinate some directions of state policy in the management system of resource saving on the example of different countries of the world. A system of principles of resource conservation in developed countries is proposed and justified. Moreover, the main motivational incentives for the use of renewable energy sources by the CIS and European Union countries are considered. The article touches upon the main issues of state regulation and management of the development of resource conservation of enterprise. The article also reveals the main problems from the point of view of ...

Проведено комплексное исследование правовых понятий «интерес», «публичный экологический интерес», рассмотрены научно-теоретические подходы к пониманию публичных экологических категорий, определению их места в экологическом праве и предпринята попутка сформулировать теоретические выводы и научно обосновать предложения по совершенствованию действующего законодательства ; In the article the complex research of the legal categories such as «interest» and «public environmental interest» has been conducted, the scientific-theoretical approaches to the understanding of the public environmental categories, definition of their place in the environmental law have been considered. Аndanattempt to formulate a theoretical findings and evidence-based proposals to improve the existing legislation ; Проведено комплексне дослідження правових категорій «інтерес», «публічний екологічний інтерес», розглянуто науково-теоретичні підходи до розуміння публічних екологічних категорій, визначення їх місця в екологічному праві. Здійснено спробу сформулювати теоретичні висновки та науково обґрунтувати пропозиції з удосконаленню чинного законодавства

Проведено комплексное исследование правовых понятий «интерес», «публичный экологический интерес», рассмотрены научно-теоретические подходы к пониманию публичных экологических категорий, определению их места в экологическом праве и предпринята попутка сформулировать теоретические выводы и научно обосновать предложения по совершенствованию действующего законодательства ; In the article the complex research of the legal categories such as «interest» and «public environmental interest» has been conducted, the scientific-theoretical approaches to the understanding of the public environmental categories, definition of their place in the environmental law have been considered. Аndanattempt to formulate a theoretical findings and evidence-based proposals to improve the existing legislation ; Проведено комплексне дослідження правових категорій «інтерес», «публічний екологічний інтерес», розглянуто науково-теоретичні підходи до розуміння публічних екологічних категорій, визначення їх місця в екологічному праві. Здійснено спробу сформулювати теоретичні висновки та науково обґрунтувати пропозиції з удосконаленню чинного законодавства

Проведено комплексное исследование правовых понятий «интерес», «публичный экологический интерес», рассмотрены научно-теоретические подходы к пониманию публичных экологических категорий, определению их места в экологическом праве и предпринята попутка сформулировать теоретические выводы и научно обосновать предложения по совершенствованию действующего законодательства ; In the article the complex research of the legal categories such as «interest» and «public environmental interest» has been conducted, the scientific-theoretical approaches to the understanding of the public environmental categories, definition of their place in the environmental law have been considered. Аndanattempt to formulate a theoretical findings and evidence-based proposals to improve the existing legislation ; Проведено комплексне дослідження правових категорій «інтерес», «публічний екологічний інтерес», розглянуто науково-теоретичні підходи до розуміння публічних екологічних категорій, визначення їх місця в екологічному праві. Здійснено спробу сформулювати теоретичні висновки та науково обґрунтувати пропозиції з удосконаленню чинного законодавства

The approaches of the government compensation mechanism maintaining forest ecosystems in accordance with the Kyoto Protocol, the main advantages and disadvantages of such mechanism for Ukraine have been done. The preliminary feasibility study proposed in the refund has been ordered. ; В статье рассмотрены основные составляющие организационноэкономического механизма сохранения биоразнообразия. Обобщены подходы относительно механизма международного государственного возмещения сохранения лесных экосистем по Киотскому протоколу, основные преимущества и недостатки такого механизма для Украины. Осуществлено предварительное экономическое обоснование предложенного в статье возмещения. ; У статті розглянуто фактичну структуру організаційноекономічного механізму збереження природного капіталу. Узагальнено підходи щодо механізму міжнародного державного відшкодування збереження лісових екосистем за Кіотським протоколом, основні переваги та недоліки такого механізму для України. Здійснено попереднє економічне обґрунтування запропонованого у роботі відшкодування.

Peculiarities of legal regulation of legal relations in the field of conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity are considered. The provisions of national and international legislation in this area have been studied, as well as the meaning of the terms «biological diversity» and «sustainable use of biological diversity» from the point of view of law. From the standpoint of law, the program documents are analyzed, based on the provisions of which the state policy in the field of conservation and use of biodiversity is formed, as well as the place of norms on conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in the environmental legislation of Ukraine. The necessity of developing a single categorical-conceptual apparatus in the field of regulation of relations on conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity is substantiated. It is established that the legal regulation of conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity is provided mainly by national programs, strategies and other policy documents, and ensuring the requirements of conservation and sustainable use of natural, spatial, species, population and coenotic diversity of biodiversity components. It is noted that the term «biological diversity» and its species (spatial, species, population and coenotic diversity (depending on the level of organization)) are used mainly in setting legal requirements for the protection, use and reproduction of certain natural resources. in order to uniformly apply the term «biodiversity» and understand its meaning, its definition should be introduced into national legislation at the level of natural resource laws. It is also considered necessary to include basic terms, including the concept of «biological diversity», in the future Environmental Code. At the same time, relations in the field of biodiversity (its components) should be considered in the context of its sustainable use as part of a more global concept of sustainable development, where the principle of rational use of natural ...

The article is devoted to the study of the legal nature of procedural law as a general theoretical category and its purpose in regulating procedural activity, to determine the main task that should be faced with administrative justice and to determine its effectiveness, as well as to formulate some proposals for ensuring the effectiveness of administrative justice. It is proved that the basis of the appointment of administrative justice lies in the theoretical foundations of procedural law. Appointment of administrative justice is to protect the rights, freedoms and interests of persons in the field of public relations from violations by the authorities (state authorities, local self-government bodies, their officials and officials, other entities in the exercise of their power. management functions based on legislation, including the exercise of delegated powers). The rights, freedoms and interests that protect administrative courts can be varied (from constitutional to civil). But the largest share among them belongs to the subjective public law. Subjective public rights are usually manifested not only in the relationship of "public entity - public administration", but also in the relationship "public administration - private entity", as well as in the relations that arise between the two legal entities of public law. For example, public administration has the right to demand from a private person tax. The practical importance of the protection of subjective public rights is manifested in the possibility of securing and enforcing them by appealing to the court. According to Part 2 of Art. 55 of the Constitution of Ukraine, everyone is guaranteed the right to challenge in court the decisions, actions or omissions of state authorities, local self-government bodies, officials and officials. However, a necessary prerequisite to appeal to an administrative court is the fact that the subject of public administration violates its own, that is, the subjective public rights of an individual.

Having analyzed the content and correlation of methods of coercion and encouragement in the domestic criminal law doctrine and legislation, we came to the following conclusions. The modern criminal law policy of fighting against crime is directed not only on the application of coercion, but also on the encouragement (stimulation) of the behavior of the person who made (or is going to make) a criminal offense. This is provided for the purpose of preventing further criminal conduct and resolving the criminal law conflict through encouraging criminal law measures. Incentive measures of a criminal legal nature are divided into measures that are provided for in the General and Special parts of the Criminal code of Ukraine. Encouraging measures of criminal-legal character of the General part are realized in the form of: 1) final termination of preparation for a crime or attempt at a crime – Art. 17, 31 of the Criminal code of Ukraine; 2) exemption from criminal liability – Art. 45, 46, 48 of the Criminal code of Ukraine; 3) mitigation of punishment, which is the result of positive post-criminal behavior of a person – items 1, 2, 2-1 of Part 1 of Art. 66, Art. 69-1 of the Criminal code of Ukraine; 4) conditionally-early release from punishment or replacement of the unserved part of punishment more lenient, which is associated with positive post-criminal behavior of the convict – Art. 81, 82, 107 of the Criminal code of Ukraine. Criminal-legal encouragement is realized also by some norms of a Special part of the Criminal code of Ukraine in the form of special cases of voluntary refusal or active repentance. Incentives of criminal law are some methods provided by the Criminal code of Ukraine, which methods legal regulation of a criminal offence committed (or about to be committed) by means of which the state encourages a person to the desired behavior. Such behavior is aimed at preventing, neutralizing or reducing criminal damage (losses), as well as to facilitate the disclosure of a criminal offense, not committing new criminal offenses. Also, this behavior may indicate repentance of the person in the deed, and the further desire for correction. ; У статті досліджується зміст примусу та заохочення у кримінальному праві та законодавстві, простежується розвиток кримінально-правових заходів, які є альтернативними кримінальному покаранню, проаналізовано правову природузаохочувальних кримінально-правових заходів Загальної та Особливої частин Кримінального кодексу України.

Having analyzed the content and correlation of methods of coercion and encouragement in the domestic criminal law doctrine and legislation, we came to the following conclusions. The modern criminal law policy of fighting against crime is directed not only on the application of coercion, but also on the encouragement (stimulation) of the behavior of the person who made (or is going to make) a criminal offense. This is provided for the purpose of preventing further criminal conduct and resolving the criminal law conflict through encouraging criminal law measures. Incentive measures of a criminal legal nature are divided into measures that are provided for in the General and Special parts of the Criminal code of Ukraine. Encouraging measures of criminal-legal character of the General part are realized in the form of: 1) final termination of preparation for a crime or attempt at a crime – Art. 17, 31 of the Criminal code of Ukraine; 2) exemption from criminal liability – Art. 45, 46, 48 of the Criminal code of Ukraine; 3) mitigation of punishment, which is the result of positive post-criminal behavior of a person – items 1, 2, 2-1 of Part 1 of Art. 66, Art. 69-1 of the Criminal code of Ukraine; 4) conditionally-early release from punishment or replacement of the unserved part of punishment more lenient, which is associated with positive post-criminal behavior of the convict – Art. 81, 82, 107 of the Criminal code of Ukraine. Criminal-legal encouragement is realized also by some norms of a Special part of the Criminal code of Ukraine in the form of special cases of voluntary refusal or active repentance. Incentives of criminal law are some methods provided by the Criminal code of Ukraine, which methods legal regulation of a criminal offence committed (or about to be committed) by means of which the state encourages a person to the desired behavior. Such behavior is aimed at preventing, neutralizing or reducing criminal damage (losses), as well as to facilitate the disclosure of a criminal offense, not committing new criminal offenses. Also, this behavior may indicate repentance of the person in the deed, and the further desire for correction. ; У статті досліджується зміст примусу та заохочення у кримінальному праві та законодавстві, простежується розвиток кримінально-правових заходів, які є альтернативними кримінальному покаранню, проаналізовано правову природузаохочувальних кримінально-правових заходів Загальної та Особливої частин Кримінального кодексу України.

The article is devoted to the study of such items: analysis of Ukrainian and foreign legislation relating to alienation of land lots with the purpose to submit respective propositions; review of peculiarities of legal regulation of land lot alienation in order to ensure preservation of land destination, revelation of peculiarities of legal regulation. ; Статья посвящена анализу законодательства Украины и иностранных государств, по вопросу собственности на природные ресурсы и разрешения споров с целью выработки соответствующих предложений; рассмотрения специфики правового регулирования собственности на природные ресурсы и рассмотрения споров, возникающих по данному вопросу. ; Статтю присвячено аналізу законодавства України та іноземних держав, щодо питання власності на природні ресурсі та вирішення спорів з метою вироблення відповідних пропозицій; розгляду специфіки правового регулювання власності на природні ресурси та розгляду спорів, що виникають стосовно зазначеного питання.

The article is devoted to the study of such items: analysis of Ukrainian and foreign legislation relating to alienation of land lots with the purpose to submit respective propositions; review of peculiarities of legal regulation of land lot alienation in order to ensure preservation of land destination, revelation of peculiarities of legal regulation. ; Статья посвящена анализу законодательства Украины и иностранных государств, по вопросу собственности на природные ресурсы и разрешения споров с целью выработки соответствующих предложений; рассмотрения специфики правового регулирования собственности на природные ресурсы и рассмотрения споров, возникающих по данному вопросу. ; Статтю присвячено аналізу законодавства України та іноземних держав, щодо питання власності на природні ресурсі та вирішення спорів з метою вироблення відповідних пропозицій; розгляду специфіки правового регулювання власності на природні ресурси та розгляду спорів, що виникають стосовно зазначеного питання.

The present research is devoted to the study of euphemy and euphemisms. Nowadays, the phenomenon of euphemy is drawing linguists' attention more frequently. They study it within frames of functional and semantic, pragmatic, stylistic, gender, discourse and many other linguistic approaches. As a rule, euphemisms are understood as emotionally neutral words / expressions that are used instead of synonymic words / expressions that are regarded as inappropriate, rude, offensive or tactless. Special attention is paid to the fact that euphemisms are aimed at achieving deliberate mitigating effect. According to this, it is considered that euphemisms do not belong to certain lexico-semantic group of words, rather they are referred to certain stylistic result which is achieved when a "stronger" expression gives way to a weaker one. Besides mitigating, euphemisms realize a row of other pragmatic functions to which we refer the following ones: politeness function, taboo function, veil function, etiquette function. Politeness function is based on the maxims of tact and modesty (according to P. Grice). It is implemented in situations when euphemisms substitute rude offensive words. Taboo function is realized when death, severe disease, indecent issues are talked about. In such a case, words / expressions that replace indecent or unwanted phenomena / notions are conventionally called taboo deixis. Veil function is aimed at concealing "true essence of the degnified". As a rule, euphemisms realize this function in political sphere. As for etiquette function, euphemisms implement it when the speaker avoid direct nominations of non-prestigious professions, low social status of a person, vicious habits, racial or national problems. As far as it concerns classifications of euphemisms, the criterionof usage frequency allows to single out generally-used and occasional. According to the thematic criterion, euphemisms are divided into four groups: the ones that denote physiological process and states; the ones that nominate certain ...

In modern conditions, the interaction of society and nature is often manifested in the emergence, reconstruction, modernization of various types of economic objects, which is necessarily accompanied by a change in parameters, qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the environment. The magnitude and mass character of such transformations cause environmental implications in accordance with the presumption of the negative impact of economic objects of various degrees of adversity. The latter, with an impressive rate, have transformed socio-economic growth into a category with significant negative anthropogenic factors, limiting or minimizing which is the key to the effective survival of mankind. A profound understanding of this fact contributed to the emergence of many environmental protection strategies and concepts that proposed various ways of harmonizing the interaction of society and nature. However, a small fraction of them was of a preventive nature. Among the ways, methods, mechanisms that would ensure an environmentally safe environment, preventing negative environmental implications were environmental assessment, environmental expertise, strategic environmental assessment and environmental impact assessment. Being genetically interrelated, they became an effective means of environmental policy at the level of regions or countries.The publication analyzes the latest legislation that regulates the sequence and the procedure of conducting environmental impact assessment as a tool for identifying all possible environmental implications of the planned activities. The organizational and legal aspects of implementation of separate stages in the procedure of environmental impact assessment are specified. The ways of realization of interaction of subjects of environmental impact assessment with the aim of preventing environmental harm, ensuring environmental safety, environmental protection, rational use and reproduction of natural resources, in the process of making decisions on conducting economic ...

In this article national ecological network is analyzed as an environmental management strategy and not in the traditional legislative aspect. The necessity to rethink the traditional static approach is caused by the fact that considering the national ecological network exclusively as a sustainable territorial system of objects under environmental protection and underestimating its format as a dynamic environmental management strategy led to the failure to implement the State-Wide Program of the National Ecological Network of Ukraine Formation for 2000-2015. The strategy process management of formation, sustainable use and protection of the national ecological network should use the whole set of tools foreseen by the current environmental legislation of Ukraine. Management plans, such as those used during the design of the Emerald Network, should be developed for each structural element of the ecological network. Ecosystem conservation programs and other environmental protection measures must be adequately funded and implemented as planned. It is worth to form the special permanently acting central Agency in the sphere of the formation of the National Environmental network in Ukraine and its regional offices for making and implementing the local programs and schemes of the formation of the environmental network that are included in the General Scheme of the territory planning in Ukraine. The strategic environmental management will improve the interaction of organizational and legal mechanisms aimed at preservation of landscape and biological diversity, increase of the natural resource potential and recreational attractiveness of Ukraine. The dynamics of the ecological network should be reflected not only in the gradual extension of its territory in Ukraine, but also in the general improvement and constant monitoring of the environment due to the updated environmental management strategy, in particular to balanced environmental planning and effective environmental control.

В современных условиях, когда экологический кризис охватил весь цивилизованный мир, изучение природоохранного законодательства и экологического права приобретает приоритетное и чрезвычайно актуальное значение. Охрана окружающей среды, сбалансированное использование природных ресурсов, обеспечения экологической безопасности жизнедеятельности человека – неотъемлемое условие устойчивого социо-экономико-экологического развития нашего государства. Согласно концепции национальной безопасности Украины экологическую безопасностьопределен как новый важный составной элемент национальнойбезопасности. Создание системы обеспечения экологической безопасности в государстве является одной из основ, на которой базируется стратегия, оперативное искусство и тактика государственной политики. ; В современных условиях, когда экологический кризис охватил весь цивилизованный мир, изучение природоохранного законодательства и экологического права приобретает приоритетное и чрезвычайно актуальное значение. Охрана окружающей среды, сбалансированное использование природных ресурсов, обеспечения экологической безопасности жизнедеятельности человека – неотъемлемое условие устойчивого социо-экономико-экологического развития нашего государства. Согласно концепции национальной безопасности Украины экологическую безопасностьопределен как новый важный составной элемент национальнойбезопасности. Создание системы обеспечения экологической безопасности в государстве является одной из основ, на которой базируется стратегия, оперативное искусство и тактика государственной политики. ; In modern conditions, when the ecological crisis has spread to the whole civilized world, the study of environmental legislation and environmental law become a priority and extremely relevant value. Environmental protection, balanced use of natural resources, provision of ecological safety of human life are an integral condition of sustainable socio-economic and ecological development of our state.According to the concept of national security of Ukraine, ecological security is defined as a new important element of national security. Creation of a system of environmental safety in the state is one of the foundations on which the strategy, operative art and tactics of state policy are based.