Suchergebnisse

Explores the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO's) role in nation-building, challenged by smaller Western armed forces and increasingly populous and urbanized developing societies. While NATO's capacity for peacekeeping should be strengthened, it needs to develop more reliable arrangements with the European Union, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe and the United Nations, the West's nation-builder of first resort, to ensure that these organizations contribute civil assets in support of Alliance-led operations.

A discussion of how &/or whether nation building works focuses on the US government's invasion & occupation of Afghanistan & Iraq & its continuing efforts in nation building. America is unlikely to stop there. Deploying armed forces to 'fix' other countries is seen as a tempting idea, one that has gained support among the academic & foreign-policy community. William Kristol & Robert Kagan (1996) opined that the US should adopt a posture of "benevolent global hegemony," promoting American principles of free markets, democracy, & respect for liberty around the world. It is argued here that the experts & theorists have failed to seriously consider the historical record of this type of policy: it usually fails, or if it seems to succeed, it is probably for other reasons. Lacking a theory, proven techniques, or carefully designed methods, establishment of a democracy through military occupation is not a coherent, defensible policy. Tables, References. J. Stanton

AbstractDemocracies and dictatorships have different incentives when it comes to choosing how much and by what means to homogenise the population, i.e., 'to build a nation'. We study and compare nation-building policies under the transition from dictatorship to democracy in a model where the type of government and borders of the country are endogenous. We find that the threat of democratisation provides the strongest incentive to homogenise. We focus upon a specific nation-building policy: mass primary education. We offer historical discussions of nation-building across time and space, and provide correlations for a large sample of countries over the 1925–2014 period.

Nach dem Ende der bipolaren Blocklogik ist eine auffallende Zunahme innerstaatlicher kriegerischer Gewalt bei gleichzeitigem Rückgang zwischenstaatlicher Kriege zu verzeichnen. Mehr als neunzig Prozent aller gewaltsamen Konflikte in den 90er Jahren des 20. Jahrhunderts waren Bürgerkriege. Die innerstaatliche kriegerische Gewalt stellt die internationale Politik vor neue Herausforderungen, auf die sie schlecht vorbereitet ist. Der vorliegende Beitrag diskutiert einige Gründe für diese Entwicklung. Einer besteht darin, dass die Epochenwende von 1989/90 sämtliche vertrauten Koordinaten der Weltordnung verschoben hat. Seit die Block-Rivalität nicht mehr existiert und sich die neue internationale Machtkonfiguration noch nicht endgültig abzeichnet, kann prekäre, gar scheiternde Staatlichkeit weniger denn je zuvor eine bloß "innere Angelegenheit" sein. Sie betrifft das internationale System und damit auch Sicherheitsinteressen jedes einzelnen Staats. Dieser Zusammenhang kommt in der vielstimmigen Kritik, die in Europa an Washingtons Unilateralismus, Neoimperialismus und Hybris artikuliert wird, meist zu kurz. (ICA2)

Irish Adventures in Nation-building is a collection of essays examining the debates and processes that have shaped the modernisation of Ireland since the beginning of the twentieth century. Vantage points examined include those of prominent revolutionaries, cultural nationalists, clerics, economists, sociologists, political scientists, public intellectuals, journalists, influential civil servants, political leaders and activists who weighted into debates about the condition of Ireland and where it was going. For the most part the focus is on influential arguments and critiques of these set out in seminal periodicals, books and government reports. Collectively these essays chart the main shifts in dominant ideas and shifting cultural, economic and political circumstances during the last hundred years. Topics considered range from why Patrick Pearse's ideas about education were ignored to why Ireland has been recently so open to large-scale immigration, from the intellectual conflicts of the 1930s to the future of Irish identity. This is a genuinely multi-disciplinary book that draws on sociology, political economy, political science as well as upon debates within Irish historiography and Irish Studies to offer a coherent overview of how Ireland and what it means to be Irish has changed during the last century. -- Publisher description

Preface; Editors as Leaders; Electronic Media's Effects on Tobacco Use Among Indian Children; The History and Role of the Media in U.P. during the 19th Century; Media is a Bliss or Curse for National Security in Nation-building; Nation-building, Intercultural Communication for Communal Harmony; Portrayal of Women in Hindi Films of the 1960s; The Role of the Media in a Democratic Nation; The Role of the Media in Nation-building; The Role of New Media in Nation-building; The Role of Social Media in Education and Nation-building; Social Media; The Effect of Media on Learning

Despite continuing difficulties, European institutions for the management of civil-military operations have developed to the stage where more than brief, tentative experiments can be embarked upon with some confidence. The greatest challenges faced by the EU are not in the efficacious employment of armed force, but rather in formulating and applying the broader political-military strategy which must underlie it. Outside of Europe, the most efficient way for European governments to contribute to international peace operations will be to assign national contingents directly to UN peacekeeping missions. It is, thus, time for European governments, militaries and populations to get over the trauma of Srebrenica and related UN failures in the Balkans in the early 1990s, take on board the subsequent improvement in the UN's performance, and begin once again to do their share in manning, as they are already doing in paying for, these efforts. (Survival / SWP)