Do distance and national borders make a difference in grandparents' relation and communication practices with their grandchildren? Is transnational grandparenthood a unique phenomenon? Research on diverse types of grandparental care and virtual co-presence in transnational families suggests migrants and their parents have mastered the ways to care at a distance. However, what does it actually mean? In this issue of CMR Spotlight Weronika Kloc-Nowak and Sylwia Timoszuk outline some results of the 2019-2020 nationwide survey which puts 'flying granny' and 'skyping grandpa' tropes in the context of Polish families.
The subject of this article is energy security. An in-depth study of the literature on the subject and the analysis of normative documents allowed to formulate the main objective of the work, which is to describe energy security as a component of state security. The goal formulated in such a way creates the need to solve the main research problem of this study, presented in the form of a question: What is the significance of energy security as a component of state security? Achieving the assumed goal and solving the research problem was supported by studying the subject literature and normative documents, as well as the hypothesis that energy security is an important component of state security, and its role is constantly increasing, confirmed in the course of the study.
The aim of the article was to identify the subject areas related to the management of the proposals of some elements and to propose the concept of managing Poland's national security for the purposes of developing the act on national security management announced in the National Security Strategy of the Republic of Poland-2020. The main research problem was the question: What key elements and solutions should be included in the concept of national security management for the purpose of developing a draft act on national security management? The following hypothesis was adopted: The national security system should form a coherent, in terms of organization and functionality, system of interrelated management and executive bodies. Unfortunately, the existing national security system of the Republic of Poland does not fully meet the above requirements, which has already been signaled many times, for example during successive strategic national security reviews and strategic defense reviews. Moreover, the concept of national security management should, in particular, specify the answers to the following questions: 1) What is contemporary national security? 2) What is national security management? 3) What are the key challenges facing national security management? 4) What is the role of policy and strategy in national security management? 5) What should be the architecture of the national security management system during the war. The verification of the above hypothesis and answering the above questions required a critical analysis of legal acts, strategic documents and selected items of literature on the subject. The results of the author's many years of research in this area were also taken into account.
The main purpose of the article is to present the evolution of legal regulations regarding national minorities in Ukraine, the structure of these minorities and the dynamics of demographic change. The authors analyzed the geographical distribution as well as the political, cultural and educational activity of the most numerous national minorities. They presented the main reasons for the increase or decrease in the size of the largest national groups. The political and legal foundations of minority activities, the specificity of the organization of their educational institutions, national-cultural associations and ethnic parties were analyzed. Particular attention was paid to the problematic provisions of the new Education Act (2017), which reduced the status of languages of national minorities in education and led to the deterioration of relations with individual countries with which minorities are associated. The authors discussed the most severe problems in bilateral relations arising from Ukraine's policy towards minorities and some ideas on how to solve them. The main methods of improving nationality policy in contemporary Ukraine were also presented.
