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Bioterrorism is a complex and dynamic phenomenon, occurring in various forms. It is difficult now to define a uniform definition of terrorism that is changing under the influence of the development of civilization, and especially the rapid progress in scientific and technical knowledge. The terrorists perfectly use the latest achievements of biological sciences in their terrorist attacks. The purpose of this article is to bring the phenomenon of bioterrorism.

The Hungarian Card exemplifies how to solve nationality and citizenship issues in the transforming international reality after the collapse of the Berlin Wall and the expansion of the European Union. Regardless of the dispute in Hungary, as well as among EU politicians, Hungarian law has emphasized the need to redefine the concept of the nation, or even to substitute the political sense of this concept with the status of state membership or citizenship. The Hungarian Card, how it was passed and then successively amended, evidences that a regional policy is actually operating in Central Europe. Additionally, this Hungarian law has accelerated work on similar regulations in other countries, including Poland.

The Hungarian Card exemplifies how to solve nationality and citizenship issues in the transforming international reality after the collapse of the Berlin Wall and the expansion of the European Union. Regardless of the dispute in Hungary, as well as among EU politicians, Hungarian law has emphasized the need to redefine the concept of the nation, or even to substitute the political sense of this concept with the status of state membership or citizenship. The Hungarian Card, how it was passed and then successively amended, evidences that a regional policy is actually operating in Central Europe. Additionally, this Hungarian law has accelerated work on similar regulations in other countries, including Poland. ; The Hungarian Card exemplifies how to solve nationality and citizenship issues in the transforming international reality after the collapse of the Berlin Wall and the expansion of the European Union. Regardless of the dispute in Hungary, as well as among EU politicians, Hungarian law has emphasized the need to redefine the concept of the nation, or even to substitute the political sense of this concept with the status of state membership or citizenship. The Hungarian Card, how it was passed and then successively amended, evidences that a regional policy is actually operating in Central Europe. Additionally, this Hungarian law has accelerated work on similar regulations in other countries, including Poland.

The aim of the article was the analysis of electoral characteristics of the Sub-Carpathian Voivodeship, as well as varied political preferences of citizens, with special consideration of years 1989–2015. The basis for presenting the considerations were the election results to Sejm, as well as the results of elections to the European Parliament, by means of which it was possible to indicate recurring cyclicality of right-wing political support of the citizens of that area. High election turnout in Sub-Carpathia in comparison the nation-wide turnout was also included in the analysis. The most important part of the discussion was the answer to the question of what factors determined changes in political support of the Sub-Carpathian Voivodeship citizens and whether the contemporary political activity of the entities participating in political competition reflects historical and cultural conditioning of the partitions of Poland. ; Celem artykułu była analiza wyborczej specyfiki województwa podkarpackiego, a także zróżnicowanych preferencji politycznych mieszkańców ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem lat 1989–2015. Podstawę do zaprezentowania rozważań stanowiły wyniki wyborów do Sejmu, a także wyniki elekcji do Parlamentu Europejskiego, za pomocą których można było wskazać powtarzającą się cykliczność prawicowych sympatii politycznych mieszkańców tego obszaru. Analizie poddano również wysoką frekwencję wyborczą na Podkarpaciu w porównaniu z frekwencją ogólnokrajową. Najważniejszą częścią przeprowadzonych rozważań była odpowiedź na pytanie o to, jakie czynniki determinowały zmianę sympatii politycznych mieszkańców województwa podkarpackiego oraz czy współczesna aktywność wyborcza podmiotów uczestniczących w rywalizacji politycznej odzwierciedlała historyczne i kulturowe uwarunkowania historycznych podziałów Polski z okresu zaborów.

"Monografia dotyczy konstruowania serbskiej tożsamości narodowej w perspektywie współczesności. Zawarte w niej wnioski wywodzą się z analizy wywiadów przeprowadzonych z przedstawicielami serbskich elit symbolicznych: dziennikarzami, reprezentantami organizacji pozarządowych, działaczami politycznymi oraz członkami środowiska akademickiego. Studium badawcze opiera się też na ukazaniu przemian serbskiego dyskursu polityki. Publikacja jest napisana z perspektywy socjologicznej, ale łączy w sobie również antropologiczne i historyczne spojrzenie na badaną problematykę. Może być inspirującą lekturą dla czytelników zainteresowanych tematyką przemian tożsamości narodowej, w tym tożsamości postjugosłowiańskiej, a także specyfiką społeczno-kulturowych zmian zachodzących na Bałkanach."--

The subject of this article is energy security. An in-depth study of the literature on the subject and the analysis of normative documents allowed to formulate the main objective of the work, which is to describe energy security as a component of state security. The goal formulated in such a way creates the need to solve the main research problem of this study, presented in the form of a question: What is the significance of energy security as a component of state security? Achieving the assumed goal and solving the research problem was supported by studying the subject literature and normative documents, as well as the hypothesis that energy security is an important component of state security, and its role is constantly increasing, confirmed in the course of the study.