Suchergebnisse

The lecture is devoted to the national characteristics of Russian philosophy, as they are the historians of the 19th and 20th centuries.Key words: Russian philosophy, philosophy in Russia, national identity, political fortunes. ; Лекция посвящена национальным особенностям русской философии, как их представляли ее историки XIX–ХХ вв.

The article examines national models of higher education organization. The analysis is based on the higher education systems of the USA, Germany, the Netherlands, China and Russia. The authors proposed a number of criteria for differentiating the principles of organizing the higher education system in different countries: classifying higher education as private (satisfied on the basis of private effective consumer demand) or collective (patronized) benefits, organizing financing of the higher education system, barriers (filters) for students «at the entrance» and «at the exit», the degree of commercialization of the activities of universities, the role of the academic community.
On the basis of the conducted research, ideal-typical models of the organization of higher education that exist in developed and rapidly developing countries are distinguished: the market for private services, state paternalism, the market for merit goods, the quasi-market and the hybrid model.
It is concluded that the low level of funding and the total commercialization of the activities of state universities give rise to many problems of Russian higher education, first of all, such as the decline in the quality of educational services and the prestige of this education itself.

The development of civilization at the present stage faced with a phenomenon that is still poorly studied and little known, which we call trauma society. The fact is that meaningful, prominent and significant events are taking place in the world, which cannot be defined and qualified in the previous terms – evolution and revolution, which describe and reflect the current changes. At present, there are 53 States that, according to the world Bank, have been or are in a state of chaotic, unbalanced and turbulent development for a long period of time. Countries that are stagnating in their development for a long time or are in a state of recession and are losing previously achieved milestones are considered to be trauma societies. Special attention is paid to Russia, which, according to the author, can be attributed to traumatizes societies, since in its development, having rejected the socialist past, it did not reach the boundaries from which it began its journey. At the same time, the transformations that have been taking place for more than a quarter of a century form a mosaic in which it is difficult/impossible to distinguish between evolutionary and revolutionary trends. In this regard, an analysis of the obstacles that have not been overcome for the implementation of a truly democratic, effectively functioning society is given. The analysis of the state of trauma societies carried out in the scientific and expert community, based on the practice of successfully developing countries, allows us to determine ways out of the state of traumatized society.

The article develops models and methods for calculating quantitative indicators of the response of the national state and society to the hazard of spreading COVID-19 coronavirus infection in different countries. There are used the concepts, models and methods in reliability theory to describe the development of the epidemiological situation with probability functions (possibilities) of no-failure operations (survival, health protection), probability density (distribution) of the failure (infection rates), integrated hazard of infection, failure rate (risk to take ill), acceptable risk, and manageability of the epidemic situation. Government control is carried out through pressure on the acceptable risk. Based on the results of statistical processing of data on the number of confirmed cases of the disease in different countries, a comparative analysis of the epidemic process in different national circumstances of the fight against the world pandemic was conducted. The reliability functions are based on a double interpretation of the equation of changes in the hazard measure over time and on the factors of development of the epidemic process, in particular, the age structure of the population is taken into account. The mathematical and statistical analyses are based on the exponential hazard equation, which is represented in a semi-logarithmic scale by a linear dependence on time. Nonlinear distortions are due to variations in the controlled value of acceptable risk and show national features of regulating the epidemic load on the population. The results obtained confirm the model's efficiency in clear terms of reliability theory and determine the direction of its improvement in the context of an ongoing global pandemic on the basis of newly emerging data and circumstances for a better understanding of the features of current processes across countries and continents.

This preprint examines the migration of the population of the regions of the South of Russia in the second half of the 20th - early 21st centuries. Migration processes are considered in two "dimensions". On the one hand, their development is investigated in a historical perspective, in connection with which migration in the Soviet and post-Soviet times is considered separately. On the other hand, migration flows are opposed to each other in terms of "distance", for which intraregional and interregional migrations are separately characterized.

In the article there is given a general overview of the sources of the international sport law, which is a new dynamically developing branch of law. The author underlines that international sport law unites norms of international law and national legislation regulating sport relations of international nature.

This article presents the results of sociological research on "Regional
characteristics of pensioners living in Magadan region."
The article describes the main activities of pensioners work activity, housework,
leisure time, the main problems of pensioners of the Magadan Region.

Volumetric characteristics and renewal time of the Pacific waters (PW) in the Arctic Ocean were calculated based on the data of oceanographic expeditions during the 2007-2008 International Polar Year (617 stations). Isopycnal surfaces of their upper and lower boundaries (25,5 and 27,5 kg/m3, respectively), the thickness between these limits and the equivalent thickness (i. e. the specific thickness of untransformed "pure" water mass) have been determined, as well as the boundaries where the highest concentrations of silicates in the selected density interval disappears. The Pacific waters extend to the north up to the North Pole region (thickness up to 40-50 m), in the west they can be traced up to the northern part of the Laptev Sea (thickness 20-30 m), in the east they are preserved in a minimally transformed form (thickness of more than 100 m) up to the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. The characteristic depths are between 50 and 150 m. The thickest PW exceeding 150 m were found within the Beaufort Gyre. The total volume of "pure" (untransformed) Pacific waters in the Arctic Ocean was estimated at (197 ± 19) · 103 km3 or about 1,1% of the overall volume of the Arctic Ocean. If their mixing with the surrounding waters between selected isopycnic surfaces is taken into account, the volume of Pacific waters is (313 ± 16) · 103 km3, or about 1,7% of the volume of the Arctic Ocean. Taking into account the total inflow of the PW through the Bering Strait, their renewal time in the Arctic basin is estimated to be about 5-6 years.

The article is devoted to the theoretical analysis of the general laws and age-related characteristics of self-development. It describes such general patterns of self-development as an increase of subjectivity, focus and qualitative features, unevenness and individual charac-ter, recurrence and stadiality. The author characterized some parameters of self-development such as the level of subjectivity, the specificity of identity and self-knowledge, the presence or absence of a subject position, the type of social activity, the prevalence of a certain form of self-development (self-assertion, self-improvement, self-actualization, self-realization).

The preprint systematizes information on measures to support the birth rate in the Russian Federation, acting at the regional level. The main attention is paid to measures provided at the birth of a third child, which include regional maternity capital, monthly allowances for families with three or more children, and the provision of land plots to large families. Changes in the regional system of measures to support families with three or more children from 2011 to 2019 are considered.

The article considers the review of village evolution research tendencies. The analysis of research devoted to villagers' psychology study, integrated psychological characteristics of villagers and the factors which influence upon transformation mechanisms of "villagers' consciousness" are presented.

The set of credit goods and services is changing to meet the demand of users, however, if there is enough information about generation X and Y — the parents of modern «zoomers» («zoomers» are representatives of generation Z) and they have already shown their credit behavior, then generation Z is new customers of banks and there are no exact characteristics of their credit behavior yet.
The aim of the work was to study the behavior of generation Z, in accordance with the theory of U. Strauss and N. Howe, in order to make a forecast of zoomer's credit behavior based on the information received. At the first stage of the study, information about the behavior of generation Z in different spheres of their lives was collected and analyzed, as well as the conditions of the surrounding reality in which they live, and how it affects them. The article reveals that generation Z was born in a relatively quiet period, they grew up simultaneously with the active development of technology and the Internet, so since childhood, speed in everything is important for them. Representatives of the generation like a creative approach to the presentation of information, do not like physical labor and are ready to work remotely or as freelancers. The author of the article separately noted that at a young age, the «zoomers» witnessed global changes in the world: coronavirus, exams in online format, a special military operation, partial mobilization, which affected their expectations of the world. Representatives of Z are ready to raise the global problems of the planet for discussion and present solutions to these problems. In order to determine the attitude of «zoomers» to loans and identify their values, at the second stage of the study, a survey of representatives of generation Z «Credit behavior of Yaroslavl residents» was conducted (August — September 2023). Yaroslavl, the sample is spontaneous (N = 570), the age of respondents is from 17 to 22 years, of which 47 % are men and 53 % are women. Among the respondents, 87 % receive higher education, 5 % receive secondary vocational education, 8 % receive secondary general education.
Method of collecting information: oral survey and on-line questionnaire. As a result of the study of the generation of «zoomers», the author of the article revealed that education will be important for them in order to keep up with the realities of the time and possess key, in-demand competencies. Generation Z is ready to take out a loan on a smartphone to always stay in touch with the outside world. A personal car, as the third purchase in the popularity rating of «zoomers», must necessarily reflect their individuality and be eco-friendly. This generation will open up new approaches to the consumption of goods, the attitude to the disposal of funds and their accumulation.

The article presents the results of study of the positions of university graduates in the Russian labor market. The relevance of the subject is due to the fact that getting higher education instead of starting to work directly after school is now considered a social norm, and the fact that the structure of training in specialties and its quality, as stated by the top officials, does not meet the needs of the economy. The research is based on data of the first selective observation of employment of graduates of Rosstat, obtained in 2016, and the Ministry of Education and Science monitoring of graduates employment of 2015-2017. In the paper we assess the employment rate of young people with higher education by age groups; highlight regional features of university graduates employment; evaluate employment characteristics by groups of specialties; we study the distribution of employed university graduates by types of economic activity in comparison with the all-Russian structure of employment. It is concluded, that with an increase in the level of education the probability of success employment, including finding a job in the specialty, increases; and that job satisfaction is higher for those who work in their professional field. For NEET youth with higher education, recommendations on how to integrate into the labor market relations have been suggested.

Статья посвящена изучению отношения румынских военнослужащих многонациональной Австро-Венгерской армии, оказавшихся в плену на Урале, к Великой российской революции и Гражданской войне. Затрагивается вопрос участия в Гражданской войне подданных Румынии из числа военнослужащих и гражданских лиц, перешедших на территорию союзной для них Российской империи в результате тяжелых поражений на Румынском фронте в 1916-1917 гг. ; The article is dedicated to the study of the attitude of the Romanian soldiers, who were captured in the Urals, to the Great Russian Revolution and the Civil War. The article also addresses the issue of participation in the Russian Civil War of Romanian citizens, who were the military personnel and civilians and moved to the territory of the Russian Empire as a result of heavy defeats on the Romanian front in 1916-1917. That time Romanian Kingdom and Russian Empire were allies.