Suchergebnisse

This paper examines the US National Security Strategies, 2002 and 2006, with a view to understanding the impact that some of their elements, including the doctrine of pre-emptive war, may have on Brazilian military thought. By focusing on revealing articles by Brazilian military intellectuals, and re-examining the international legal implications of the Strategies, the author determines that the implicit threats to the national sovereignty of middle-range powers will intensifythe growing suspicion and senseof threat posed by the US to the ArmedForces of Brazil. ; Este trabalho analisa as Estratégias de Segurança Nacional dos EUA, de 2002 e 2006, visando compreender o impacto de alguns de seus elementos sobre o pensamento militar brasileiro, entre eles, a doutrina de "Guerra Preemptiva". Ao enfocar artigos reveladores produzidos por intelectuais militares brasileiros, e reexaminar as implicações jurídicas internacionais das Estratégias, o autor conclui que as ameaças implícitas nestes documentos à soberania de potências médias intensificarão a suspeita crescente e o temor imposto pelos EUA às Forças Armadas do Brasil.

This article analyses a series of legal and illegal state policies and ruling-party strategies, of a repressive nature or involving political persecution, which were implemented by Peronist governments between 1973 and 1976, in the period prior to the military dictatorship that imposed State terrorism in Argentina. The observation of these practices is combined with the study of the discourses of diverse members of the political system from the period. The study reveals the gradual establishment of a discourse about "national security", that is to say, based on the idea of a subversive enemy of a domestic nature and alien to the "national spirit". The Argentinian case study shows that this type of discourse, which is generally associated with the military regimes of the Southern Cone, also existed and was put into practice in constitutional regimes

In Brazil, the federal government is responsible for disseminating every four years updated versions of three defense guidance documents: the National Defense Policy, the National Defense Strategy, and the White Paper on National Defense. The authorities guide the Brazilian armed forces on these documents among various regulations. This descriptive work contributes to existing studies on Brazilian defense policy from the search and reading of official documents published by the Brazilian government between 1996 and 2020, focused on the conceptions of security and defense. Beyond documentary research, the review of the current literature on the subject helps us understand the impacts of regulations and their updates on the use of armed forces. It is argued that, despite the difficulties in updating, successive governments maintained certain inertia in modernizing the country's defense policy. Although updated, the documents preserve old concepts that allow the intensive use of the armed forces in internal missions. The paper concludes that, since the first National Defense Policy, successive concessions to the military were recorded in the documents to enable interventions in internal affairs, including military missions related to public security. In brief, it highlights the maintenance of the obsolete concept of national security, the reference to military documents (e.g., the Glossary of the Armed Forces and the Guarantee of Law and Order), and a careless expansion of the scope of security to any threats. ; En Brasil, cabe al gobierno federal divulgar, a cada cuatro años, versiones actualizadas de tres documentos orientadores de defensa: la Política Nacional de Defensa, la Estrategia Nacional de Defensa y el Libro Blanco de Defensa Nacional. Entre diversas normativas, las autoridades orientan las fuerzas armadas brasileñas sobre su empleo en estos documentos. En tal sentido, el propósito de este trabajo descriptivo es aportar a los estudios existentes sobre la política de defensa brasileña desde la búsqueda y lectura de los documentos oficiales, publicados por el gobierno brasileño de 1996 a 2020, con enfoque en las concepciones de seguridad y defensa. Para allá de la investigación documental, la revisión de la literatura actual sobre el tema nos auxilia a comprender los impactos de las normas y sus actualizaciones en el uso de las fuerzas armadas. Se argumenta que, pese a las dificultades em las actualizaciones, los sucesivos gobiernos mantuvieron cierta inercia en el esfuerzo de modernizar la política de defensa en el país. Sin embargo, aunque actualizados, los documentos conservan antiguos conceptos que posibilitan el empleo intensivo de las fuerzas armadas en misiones internas. El trabajo desarrollado nos llevó a concluir que, desde la primera Política de Defensa Nacional, sucesivas concesiones a los militares se registraron en los documentos de modo a posibilitar intervenciones en asuntos internos, entre ellos misiones militares relacionadas con la seguridad pública. En resumen, destacamos en el artículo el mantenimiento del obsoleto concepto de seguridad nacional, la referencia a documentos militares, como el Glosario de Las Fuerzas Armadas y la Garantía de la Ley y el Orden, y una descuidada ampliación del alcance de la seguridad para amenazas de cualquier naturaleza. ; No Brasil, cabe ao governo federal divulgar, a cada quatro anos, versões atualizadas de três documentos orientadores da defesa: a Política Nacional de Defesa, a Estratégia Nacional de Defesa e o Livro Branco de Defesa Nacional. Entre diversas normativas, as autoridades orientam as forças armadas brasileiras sobre seu emprego nesses documentos. Nesse sentido, o propósito do presente trabalho descritivo é contribuir com os estudos existentes sobre a política de defesa brasileira a partir do levantamento e da leitura dos documentos oficiais, publicados pelo governo brasileiro de 1996 a 2020, com foco nas concepções de segurança e defesa. Para além da pesquisa documental, a revisão da literatura corrente sobre o tema nos auxilia a compreender os impactos das normas e de suas atualizações no emprego das forças armadas. Nosso argumento central é que, apesar dos percalços nas atualizações, os sucessivos governos mantiveram certa inércia no esforço de modernizar a política de defesa do país. No entanto, ainda que atualizados, os documentos conservaram antigos conceitos que possibilitam o emprego intensivo das forças armadas em missões internas. O trabalho desenvolvido nos levou a concluir que, desde a primeira Política de Defesa Nacional, sucessivas concessões aos militares foram registradas nos documentos de modo a possibilitar intervenções em assuntos internos, entre eles missões militares relacionadas à segurança pública. Em suma, destacamos, neste artigo, a manutenção do obsoleto conceito da segurança nacional, a referência a documentos militares, como o Glossário das Forças Armadas e a Garantia da Lei e da Ordem, e uma descuidada ampliação do escopo da segurança para ameaças de qualquer natureza.

Climate changes, national security & energy dependence are deeply related questions, so energy security is on the top of the international agenda. This article starts to debate the idea of energy security, than examine the energy security & dependence on the European Union set, & finally compare Portugal & Sweden. Adapted from the source document.

This article outlines the process that can lead from present or future technological promise to ready and palpable fighting advantage, seeing its management as an expression of the connection between the logic of politics and the grammar of the means of force. A historical illustration brings to mind some things worth thinking about. Adapted from the source document.

This article aims to analyze the occurrence of the process of security outsourcing and its implications for theory/practice. This task is based on the security decisions made by the Colombia neighbours countries to, between 2000-2011. The article also takes in account their internal realities on border areas stricken from non-traditional threats of armed conflict and the spread of drug-trafficking networks. Adapted from the source document.

The aim of the paper is to delimit the definition of both concepts & levels of coverage of each policy in the Defense area & civil & military participation. Adapted from the source document.