Suchergebnisse

In the perspective of environmental law, welfare which is the political goal of national law is not enough to be based only on the rule of law and democracy, but must also be based on the principles of the utilization of natural resources and environmental management. The principle must be a direction and policy making in the implementation of development, otherwise the welfare achieved will not last long, because Natural Resources as one of the elements of development capital cannot be functioned sustainable. Based on these arguments, conceptually the concept of implementing natural resource utilization and environmental management is the most important thing in national development that has been outlined in the legal policies set by the state or government to achieve the goals and objectives of environmental management. The goals and objectives are so that the environment is not damaged or polluted and maintained its function is preserved to preserve the carrying capacity and environmental capacity in order to achieve national development goals. If this function is not carried out properly, then the environment will be damaged or polluted, natural resources will be increasingly depleted, which in turn people's welfare which is one of the country's goals will not be achieved and sustainable.

Human resources and natural resources are two key components of a life. Both should be in line with the very good. If it can not balance each other then life will not go well. In a state where the two are not in line will result in a state of life. Advance whether or not a country is caused also by the quality of natural resources and human resources. The most influential thing is how the quality of the human resources sector in the country. If a country already has a good natural resources but does not have the human resources, the quality of the country can be governed by foreign nations who have the human resources of high quality. Human resources is an asset of the nation to build the Indonesian economy. In an effort to realize the nation and the people of Indonesia are developed, independent and prosperous, the role of education is very important. Higher education can produce a variety of ideas and concepts to advance the dignity of the people of Indonesia. With the knowledge someone will be able to organize and utilize natural resources well. So that the economy in a country can be increased and the welfare society.Keywords: natural resources, human resources, economics

p. 155-173 ; Regional autonomy must be understood as a process of democratization, open the space of democratic governance, responsive to the public interest, and maintain decision-making mechanisms that adhere to the principle of public accountability. But behind the above advantages, there are some disadvantages, such as excessive aspiration can lead to disintegration, which causes conflict of interests is growing, particularly conflict of using the natural resource. Water use disputes of the Udanuwuh village and the Dlingo village is an example of conflict of using water resources not only between people in two villages, but involves two regencies, namely Boyolali Regency and Semarang Regency. This study shows that the solution of the conflict depends on the role of mediator, the pattern of negotiation, legal certainty, and coordinative functions of governments.

Opportunities and challenges in today's era of globalization also affect the relationship between Indonesia and Malaysia. As the two allied countries which have a sea and land borders, there are many issues that arise as a result of interaction between citizens of both countries and the issue of political and teritorial issues which sometimes led to tensions between the two countries. In spite of it all there is another problem that is actually more substansial and that is people welfare. Commonly the border region can be regarded as disadvantaged areas, and most of its inhabitants live in poverty. This indicated the failure of both governments take advantage of the potential of natural resources and human resources as well as the geographical conditions that actually have great potential to inprove the well-being of border residents. However, with a good cooperation and mutual benefit in the future pattern of the pattern of bilateral cooperation has a great opportunity in order to improve the welfare of society. ; Opportunities and challenges in today's era of globalization also affect the relationship between Indonesia and Malaysia. As the two allied countries which have a sea and land borders, there are many issues that arise as a result of interaction between citizens of both countries and the issue of political and teritorial issues which sometimes led to tensions between the two countries. In spite of it all there is another problem that is actually more substansial and that is people welfare. Commonly the border region can be regarded as disadvantaged areas, and most of its inhabitants live in poverty. This indicated the failure of both governments take advantage of the potential of natural resources and human resources as well as the geographical conditions that actually have great potential to inprove the well-being of border residents. However, with a good cooperation and mutual benefit in the future pattern of the pattern of bilateral cooperation has a great opportunity in order to improve the welfare of society.

The coral triangle is the epicenter of marine biodiversity in the world which located in the eastern part of Southeast Asia and the western part of the Pacific Ocean. Despite the benefit of this area, the coral triangle also faces unsustainable fishing practices called Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU). This paper is aiming to provide the benefit of the coral triangle, and the efforts to overcome the problem that occurs in this area. To analyze this paper, the authors applied a descriptive approach, and most of the data obtained through literature review. And the result shows that the coral triangle is very beneficial to the countries in this area. Furthermore, to protect these precious natural resources from IUU, the government in this area decided to work together to overcome through the establishment of a multilateral partnership The Coral Triangle Initiative on Coral Reefs, Fisheries, and Food Security (CTI) ; The coral triangle is the epicenter of marine biodiversity in the world which located in the eastern part of Southeast Asia and the western part of the Pacific Ocean. Despite the benefit of this area, the coral triangle also faces unsustainable fishing practices called Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU). This paper is aiming to provide the benefit of the coral triangle, and the efforts to overcome the problem that occurs in this area. To analyze this paper, the authors applied a descriptive approach, and most of the data obtained through literature review. And the result shows that the coral triangle is very beneficial to the countries in this area. Furthermore, to protect these precious natural resources from IUU, the government in this area decided to work together to overcome through the establishment of a multilateral partnership The Coral Triangle Initiative on Coral Reefs, Fisheries, and Food Security (CTI)

Indonesia's marine territory has become a big challenge for the Government of Indonesia to manage it. Nowadays, Indonesian marine has lot of regulation in the sea. But it's cannot prevent the basic interest of all people that earnings life from there. A lot of migrant has been smuggled in and by Indonesian's marine territory. The main concerns that arouse are: how should government give an equation for Indonesian migrant workers that are smuggled and how should the government put migrant workers protection to supply the equation for them. These questions will solve by a normative juridical study on the protection of natural resources and the resources of Indonesian fisherman. The study uses normative legal research which elaborated with conceptual approach from numbers of regulations that apply in marine labor law and employment law. This research is also complemented by a literature approach in the form of Indonesian legal literature and marine journals to address the issues raised in this paper. The findings in practice prove that the government should give more attention for the fisherman's welfare and protection related to fish catching. The objective protection for Indonesian marine resources is from regulated all the regulation to develop Indonesia economic from Maritime sector. It is all needed to make a new system in legal protection for Fisherman and Marine Resources in Indonesia.

While Indonesia has been experiencing relatively considerable and stable economic growth in the last decades, the country is prone to income disparity across regions due to uneven distribution of population, natural resources and the persistent impacts of centralized development imposed by the New Order regime. This study examines the economic growth convergence in East Java, Indonesia, from 2010 to 2019 and explores the influence of government expenditure on education, health, and capital sector on the economic growth convergence. By considering spatial dependence across regions, the result shows no strong evidence of regional income convergence in East Java. Also, this research claims the presence of spillover effect of government expenditure on education and capital sector on regional income growth. Notably, higher government expenditure of the education sector in one region could stimulate higher economic growth of its neighboring regions. Conversely, higher government expenditure on the capital sector in one region may lower the economic growth of its surrounding regions.

South Kalimantan is an area that is very rich in natural resources that managed by many companies and it is inhabited by a majority of Muslims which are as the potential of zakat, infaq and alms so large amount, but the results of the funding collection of zakat, infaq and alms at National Zakat Agency of Province South Kalimantan are still not maximal. This research is a qualitative descriptive research and focused on the discussion of the strategy of zak at, infaq and alms fundraising at National Zak at Agency of Province South Kalimantan, with data collection techniques by means of observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the strategy of zak at, infaq and alms fundraising at National Zakat Agency of Province South Kalimantan is still less effective and efficient, which is due to the concept of inappropriate strategy formulation and lack of evaluation of the implementation of the strategy. Then in implementing the fundraising strategy, there are several advantages, including the National Zakat Agency National Zakat Agency is the mandate of the Law, the potential for zak at in the province of South Kalimantan is very large. On the contrary, there are deficiencies that are owned by National Zak at Agency of Province South Kalimantan, which are: The number of human resources management of National Zak at Agency in Province South Kalimantan which is still lack ing, the lack of operational strategies for Zakat, Infaq and alms fundraising and the mindset of "Ulama Sentris" in the community.

Since the fall of the New Order regime, the courage to sue the state began to reverberate dipentas unitary national politics. The emergence of the idea of a federal state (united state) is the antithesis of the implementation of regional autonomy in Indonesia based on Law No.5 of 1974 on the Principles of Local Government is in the very setralisti. Through these legal instruments are the restraints and the dominance of local independence done so strict and systematic. Though conceptually the real regional autonomy is the freedom of movement (of expression) should be given to the autonomous regions to conduct their own initiatives to manage the interests of society in the region. Therefore there is a presumption that the imposition of the concept of regional autonomy through the form of a unitary state did not take the welfare of people in the region because the laws on local government implementation of the new order which is conceptually very repressive, also followed well as the behavior of authoritarian governments, harassing human rights, setralisme power sucking resources into the central region. To overcome this, then the solution is the democratization and decentralization of power through regional autonomy the broadest, not by changing the form of the state of federalism, but by changing the way state officials are concerned interestexistence of regions including the utilization of natural resources equity and pluralism (diversity) regions. This is where the importance of regional autonomy as one of the vanguard of the unitary Republic of Indonesia guard.Keywords: Unitary - Federal - Regional Autonomy

This research is conducted to find out the causal factor soft the non optimal and retardation of the development of the borderarea in the Sanggau regency which was done by the government, seen from the perspective of the political decentralization. This research is aimed to describe and analyze the implementation of the political decentralization and the roles of central and local government's in the border area development with its determinant factors. The research uses qualitative research design. Library study, observation and purposive sampling interview are used as the data collection technique. Furthermore, the data is validated by using data reduction, data display ,triangulation, verification, and inference which is analyzed qualitatively. The basic theory and analysis in this research is the theory of decentralization in which giving/delivering power and authority from central government to the local government; such as political, fiscal, and administrative authorities. This term refers to the decentralization in the development field, its form can be in deconcentration and devolution. The result of the research shows that the development of the border area done by the government is not yet optimal. One of its indicators is the lack of basic infrastructure in Sanggau regency. However, there are some supporting factors in the development of the border area such as strategic geographical location, natural resources potential, and the support from local communities. In other hand, the constraint factors are the lack of potential will, government's commitment, limited financial budget, investment climate that is relatively less conducive, low quality of human resources, the local products that have not been competitive yet, and no laws and legal institution that are needed.

This study aimed to analyze the measures the Government in strengthening the sovereignty of Indonesia in the border region, which includes the strengthening in the areas of national defense, science and technology, as well as strengthening in the field of foreign policy. Indonesia's national sovereignty repeatedly at stake in the face of the world when it happens to border disputes with some neighboring countries, namely Malaysia, Singapore, and the Philippines. As for the problem within the borders of sovereignty is related to a claim made by Malaysia against some of the areas that became the border area between the Republic of Indonesia and Malaysia. There are at least three cases of border disputes that make the relationship between Indonesia and Malaysia heats up, the Ambalat case, Sipadan-Ligitan, and recently is happening is Tanjung Datu. Indonesia and Malaysia border disputes does not necessarily happen. Dispute Indonesia and Malaysia on the border line in the waters of Sulawesi following a change in the ownership status of the islands of Sipadan and Ligitan, the border line on the island of Borneo (Ambalat), and the latter case that has yet to be resolved by the construction of the stake by Malaysia in Tanjung Datu (West Kalimantan). It is a trigger factor rift diplomatic relations the two countries.In this regard, there needs to the appropriate strategy with regard to strengthening the sovereignty of the Homeland border region is the duty of the Government in an effort to protect the people and maintain the territorial integrity of NKRI. Some recommendations dispute resolution sovereignty border areas studied in this paper, including: (1) Establishing institutional aspects of defense and security by providing strong security of island-outer islands, (2) Establishing institutional aspects of science and technology to conduct training on the management and conservation of resources natural resources (SDA) and the building of infrastructure and transport, as well as (3) to strengthen aspects of foreign policy with increased foreign cooperation with neighboring countries, especially with Malaysia.Keywords: Dispute, Border, Defense and Security, Science and Technology

Economic valuation approach CVM (contingent valuation method) can be used to determine the preferences of the respondents (the people) for natural resources by promoting the ability to pay (Wilingness to Pay) are expressed in terms of value for money, which directly asked to respondents by reviewer or researcher. It can be concluded that the three variables: age, education level and income level positively effect on the determination of WTP.The conclusion is reinforced by figures of determinant coefficient (R adj) of 64.7%. Which means that the models regression equation is quite appropriate for the independent variable and it can explain the dependent variable is at 64.7%, While the dependent variable explained by other variables that have not been covered in this equation is about 35,3%.The results obtained (the value of WTP=Rp 15.000) can be calculated by summing all of the 20 respondents were then divided by the number of respondents) .While the total benefit / revenue expected can be obtained by multipliying of the average WTP with the population in this a national park area. The location is in Serang city, Banten province. Banten province has population it is about 9.2 million, then the magnitude of potential benefit which can be obtained is about Rp 135.000 million. If the visitors expand then the potential benefit is greater. By using the Analysis of Hierarchy Process (AHP) can be obtained some priorities of sustainable tourism management as follows: first, the park should be managed by the government, secondly,it can be managed collaboratively between government and the private sector , thirdly, it can be managed by the private sector. Priority goal is focus on the achievement of environmental sustainability factors. Secondly, focus on providing economic benefits to local communities and the third is the park management cost as a last priorKeywords :analysis of hierarchy process, national park, economic valuation approach, government, privat

Izin Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Barat terhadap rencana pembangunan PLTU II Kecamatan Astanajapura dan Kecamatan Mundu Kabupaten Cirebon digugat oleh masyarakat sekitar yang terkena dampak langsung ke Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara. Artikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian terhadap kasus tersebut yang menekankan pada masalah penaatan dan penegakan Hukum Lingkungan dalam mewujudkan pembangunan berkelanjutan, serta upaya penyelesaian sengketa lingkungannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis-normatif dan dianalisa secara kualitatif. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa pembangunan PLTU di Kecamatan Mundu Kabupaten Cirebon tidak sejalan dengan beberapa tujuan dalam Sustainable Development Goals pada point kesejahteran, pembangunan berkelanjutan, dan pelestarian sumber daya alam. PLTU ini juga tidak sesuai dengan rencana tata ruang, proses penyusunan analisis dampak lingkungan tidak melibatkan masyarakat. Pengadilan mengabulkan gugatan dan memerintahkan pencabutan izin pembangunan tersebut. Environmental Law Compliance and Enforcement on Infrastructure Development to Achieve Sustainable Development (Case Study: Power Plant II Development in Mundu Subdistrict, Cirebon District) AbstractA lawsuit had been brought to the Administrative Court regarding the Local West Java Province Government Permit on the Power Plant II Development in Astanajapura Subdistrict and Mundu Subdistrict, Cirebon District by the directly affected local community around the power plant location. This article is the research result on the aforementioned lawsuit and will be focusing on the issues surrounding the environmental law compliance and enforcement in achieving sustainable development, as well as the environmental law dispute settlement. This research used the juridical-normative research with qualitative analysis. The article concluded that the Power Plant II development is not in line with several goals as stated in the Sustainable Development Goals; such as the welfare goals, sustainable development, and the natural resources preservation. The Power Plant II is also not in accordance with the local government's spatial plan, and furthermore the local community did not take any part during the environmental impact analysis process. According to the Administrative Court Decision, the Court granted the claims in the lawsuit and the permit for the Power Plant II development has been revoked. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v4n1.a4

Global warming has seized the world's attention will be growing even larger in the future considering the consequences of it. UNO, through environmental program UNEP (United Nations Environment Progranune) and the World Meteorological Organization (World Meteorological Organization, WMO) formed the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1988 to examine and analyze issues emerging science. Since 1990, every five or six years the IPCC has issued reports related to science through observation and prediction to determine the trend in the future. The conclusions that can be described are one of the strategic ways to protect the atmosphere is to control the use of natural resources. Increasing number of both large and medium industries in order to meet consumer needs for industrial products is contributing to increased emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions from industrial processes. To meet international standards for the environment, using the GHG Emission Standard, Indonesian follows the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) guidelines. In applying these standards in the steel, chemical , aluminum and cement in Indonesia has two options: firstly, replacing old technology with new technology that GHG emissions is small, the second, modifies or adds equipment that reduce GHG emissions. This type of cooperation corresponding to the four types of industries (chemical, steel, cement and aluminum) are complementary models, simultaneous agreement model can be complete each other. Furthermore, various agreements between countries can be done through a variety of mechanisms. In addition, we need to realize the importance of industrial processes and ' clean production ', as this can increase the efficiency of use of raw materials, energy, prevent or replace the use of hazardous materials and toxic, reducing the amount and toxicity levels of all emissions and wastes before leaving the process. Clean production was essentially aimed at reducing the environmental impact throughout the product life cycle, from raw material collection to final disposal after the product was not used. Finally, community participation, industrialists, and government jointly required because it is the most effective measure in mitigating the effects of greenhouse gases.