Suchergebnisse
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Wiślane statki i techniki nawigacyjne od XVI do XX wieku
In: Prace Centralnego Muzeum Morskiego w Gdańsku 13
Polska na morzu 2000
In: Polska 2000 - Polska Akademia Nauk. Komitet Badań i Prognoz Polska 2000 2/1976
Problem swobodnej żeglugi przez Cieśninę Piławską i Zalew Wiślany w polsko-radzieckich i polsko-rosyjskich negocjacjach ; Справа вільного мореплавства через балтійську і калінінградську протоки в польсько-радянських і польсько-російських перемовинах
Due to the unfavorable course of the boundary line between Poland and Russia in the area of the Vistula Lagoon and the Vistula Spit, Poland's access to the Gdańsk Bay through the Pilava Strait has been hindered. In 1991, Polish-Soviet negotiations, aimed at agreeing on the rules of navigation through the Pilava Strait and the Vistula Lagoon, were launched. The talks ended in failure, and the Soviet side demanded that its units be granted the right to navigate through Poland's inland waterways. It was only in 2009 that Poland signed an agreement with Russia, regulating navigation through the Vistula Lagoon; still, as follows from the interpretation by the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, it did not include the Pilava Strait. Consequently, the freedom of navigation through the Vistula Lagoon continues to be dependent on the state of Polish-Russian relations. ; Due to the unfavorable course of the boundary line between Poland and Russia in the area of the Vistula Lagoon and the Vistula Spit, Poland's access to the Gdańsk Bay through the Pilava Strait has been hindered. In 1991, Polish-Soviet negotiations, aimed at agreeing on the rules of navigation through the Pilava Strait and the Vistula Lagoon, were launched. The talks ended in failure, and the Soviet side demanded that its units be granted the right to navigate through Poland's inland waterways. It was only in 2009 that Poland signed an agreement with Russia, regulating navigation through the Vistula Lagoon; still, as follows from the interpretation by the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, it did not include the Pilava Strait. Consequently, the freedom of navigation through the Vistula Lagoon continues to be dependent on the state of Polish-Russian relations.
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Zagadnienia przyrodnicze i ekonomiczne osi Odry
In: Zeszyty odrzańskie seria nowa, Nr 5
Bezpieczeństwo bezzałogowych systemów powietrznych w środowisku zakłóceń
In: De securitate et defensione: O bezpieczeństwie i obronności, Band 5, Heft 2
ISSN: 2450-5005
This study considers signal interference as a form of non-kinetic warfare against unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). The practical purpose of this paper is to organize the theoretical knowledge and terminology concerning interference, while its cognitive purpose is to demonstrate that this recently recognized problem is a real threat to the safe use of unmanned aircraft systems. The research methods employed in this work – analysis, synthesis, abstracting and generalization – serve to determine the types of interference (i.e. primarily jamming and spoofing) and their characteristics in relation to unmanned aircraft. The paper organizes the theoretical knowledge by explaining the signal interference techniques and indicating the targets of attacks or objects of interest. Therefore, available non-kinetic energy UAS neutralization systems are analyzed with respect to their capabilities, tactical characteristics and technical specifications. Given the anticipated further development of unmanned aircraft systems technologies, signal interference carries serious implications for the safety of autonomous operation of these systems. The second important conclusion highlighted in this analysis is the absence of a legislative framework that would regulate the use of interference facilities. This gap in legal regulations implicitly permits their engagement against such crucial infrastructure as e.g. satellite devices for navigation systems – standard and critical equipment in the aviation.