Suchergebnisse

Die Arbeit in der Hauswirtschaft ist ein bedeutender Wirtschaftssektor und seit Jahrhunderten eine der wichtigsten und ältesten Formen der Beschäftigung für Millionen Menschen weltweit. Das Verhältnis zwischen Dienstgeber und Dienstnehmer war stets ein wesentliches Element der Gesellschaft eines Staates und dessen Gesetzgebung. Sowohl landwirtschaftliche als auch hauswirtschaftliche Arbeitskräfte wurden lange Zeit von der Gesetzgebung stiefmütterlich behandelt und wirtschaftlich vernachlässigt. Die vorliegende Diplomarbeit beschreibt die mühsame Entwicklung der Gesetzgebung auf dem Gebiet der Dienstboten bzw in späterer Folge Hausgehilfen in der Steiermark beginnend in der Zeit des Neoabsolutismus 1857 bis zur Selbstausschaltung des Parlamentes 1933 und dem Beginn des Austrofaschismus. Es werden die Reaktion des Landesgesetzgebers und ab 1918 auch des Bundesgesetzgebers auf Bedürfnisse und Probleme einer an den Rand gedrängten Berufsgruppe, der vornehmlich Frauen angehören, und die daraus resultierenden normativen Fortschritte aufgezeigt. Dabei wird auf die privatrechtliche Stellung dieser Berufsgruppe sowie auf den sozialrechtlichen Werdegang Bezug genommen. Als Grundlage dieser rechtshistorischen Aufarbeitung dienen die parlamentarischen Dokumente, wie Stenographische Protokolle, Initiativanträge, Regierungsvorlagen, Ausschussberichte und die einschlägigen Gesetzblätter. ; Domestic labour has always been of significance for a society and it has been one of the most important and oldest forms of employment for millions of people for centuries. The different relations between employer and employee are essential elements of a countrys society and its legislation. Both rural and domestic workers were treated unfairly and they were economically neglected by legislation since ever. The present thesis is about the troublesome evolution of legislation of domestic servants in Styria from the time of Neoabsolutism in 1857 until the "self-elimination" of the parliament in 1933 and the beginning of Austrofascism. It shows the development of local legislation and as of 1918 also of the federal legislation which responded to the needs and problems of a suppressed professional group, primarily represented by women, and the resulting normative progress. The focus here is on the private legal status as well as on the development of social law of this group of employees. To elaborate this historical revision, parliamentary documents are used, such as government bills, stenographic protocols of the national council and the federal state parliament, committee reports as well as the relevant law gazettes. ; vorgelegt von Kathrin Freudelsperger ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung des Verfassers/der Verfasserin ; Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Diplomarbeit, 2016 ; (VLID)1344629

Революции 1848 г. сыграли большую роль в становлении национального самосознания многих народов Европы. В статье рассматриваются события революции 1848 г. в Восточной Галиции и Буковине. Автор уделяет особое внимание анализу хода и результатов революции. В работе также дается краткий очерк предреволюционной ситуации в регионе, в котором показаны социальные и национальные предпосылки революции. Для исследования революционных событий была использована концепция израильского ученого Ш. Эйзенштада. ; The article discusses the events of the revolution of 1848 in Eastern Galicia. The main attention is paid to the consideration of the progress and results of the revolution. The paper also presents a brief overview of the pre-revolutionary situation in the region, which highlighted the social and national background of the revolution. In the analysis of the revolutionary events in the region, the authors used the concept of the American and Israeli sociologist S. Eisenstadt proposed in his Revolution and Transformation of Societies. In his work, Eisenstadt divided the revolution into "clean" and "unclean" after giving a convincing justification of this classification and showing in detail the features typical in his view of the revolution of the both denoted types. The use of the above concepts allows a better assessment of the scale of the studied events. Insufficient coverage of the 1848 revolution in Galicia in the Russian historiography makes the research topic relevant. The events of 1848 became one of the key milestones in the history of the Rusyn revival in the first half of the 19th century. It stepped up until then a purely cultural Rusyn national movement and translated it to the political plane. In this period the first political organization of Rusyns, Golovna Ruska Rada, was created. However, the opposition of the Rusyn movement to Polish nationalism made it impossible to create a national autonomy that would unite all Rusyn lands. A change of the political elite, characteristic for "clean" revolutions, did not occur. Besides, the few political successes of the Rusyns were short-lived. They were all revised after the abolition of the Constitution of 1849 and the advent of "neoabsolutism". In addition to politics, the revolution initiated changes in the cultural sphere. Since that time, the development of the Rusyn language accelerated. The Rusyn language was actively used in newspapers, theatres and in the education system. The most important achievements of the Rusyn movement in the cultural sphere began: the founding of the Galician-Rusyn Matica, the construction of the People's House in Lviv, the opening of the Department of the Rusyn Language and Literature at Lviv University. According to the study, the authors come to a conclusion that the revolution in Galicia should be categorized as an "unclean" revolution. This conclusion is based on the fact that the absence of a significant and lasting political change is typical for revolutions of this type.