Suchergebnisse

The Drug Enforcement Administration wields tremendous power at scheduling a new drug or substance on an emergency basis under the Controlled Substances Act. The DEA newly leveled this power at a plant—kratom—with the potential to curb the menacing opioid epidemic in North America. This unprecedented effort has generated considerable controversy. Many individuals remonstrated the agency's action, especially those facing life-threatening hardships because of the opioid crisis. Members of Congress also took a stand against the DEA's unrivalled move to schedule kratom, suggesting that the agency had abused the emergency scheduling authority delegated by the legislative branch. This Comment explores the interplay between the DEA's rulemaking authority, the public's democratic participation in the DEA's rulemaking process, and the legislative branch's delegation of authority and oversight of the DEA's rulemaking in the specific case of kratom.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) encompasses a group of inherited red cell disorders characterized by an abnormal hemoglobin, Hb S. The most common forms of SCD in the United States and Canada are identified through universal newborn screening (NBS) programs. Now carried out in all fifty U.S. states and 8 Canadian provinces, NBS for SCD represents one of the major public health advances in North America. The current status of NBS programs for hemoglobinopathies and the screening techniques employed in many regions worldwide reflect in large part the U.S. and Canadian experiences. Although the structure, screening algorithms and laboratory procedures, as well as reporting and follow up, vary between NBS programs, the overall workflow is similar. The current review summarized the historical background, current approaches, and methods used to screen newborns for SCD in the United States and Canada.

The history of Peace Parks started after WWII and they are nowadays spread all over the world. The most ancient were established in Europe and North America, but the most important focus are now Sub-Saharian Africa and the former Ottoman Empire territories. For South Africa this tool became an important way to carry on the African Reinassance and the idea of a united aim of development and spread wellness after decades of Apartheid and centuries of colonization. In the Balkans, above all about the project of a Balkans Peace Park between Albania, Kosovo and Montenegro, the lack of a"Balkan Reinassance" and the ethnical, religious and political differences between each country in the former Yugoslavia intersect the project of a Peace Park with several "fil rouges" that make the context become more and more complex.

This paper elaborates over seven documents that reveal important aspects of the attitudes and policies of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia towards the Macedonian diaspora organizations and groups from North America in the interwar period (1919-1939). The correspondence between the representatives of the Macedonian Political Organization and the Yugoslav diplomats and consular representatives in USA, on the event of the earthquake in Macedonian in 1931, reveal the efforts of the Macedonian diaspora organizations to reach towards its compatriots and native land, which were in need of support, especially in those special conditions. At the same time, it illuminates the hostility of the Yugoslav government towards these organizations, and their efforts, and ideas, as well as the strict policies of isolation of the Macedonians under Yugoslav rule from the influence of such diaspora groups. Keywords: Macedonia, Pirava, earthquake, 1931, Macedonian Political Organization.

Energy cooperatives, "zero non-renewables" towns and other community initiatives in renewable energy (RE) are emerging across the world, in particular, in Europe and the North America. Such social initiatives vary in size, success rates and implementation strategies. Decentralization consistently appears to be one of the most important characteristics of institutional development and generally, increases the institutional space for local (community) players (Oteman, 2014). Analysis of international cases shows that a range of systemic problems hamper the rapid development and diffusion of RE. Therefore, additional attention is needed from policy makers and other stakeholders that have an interest in speeding up the diffusion process. A study by Negro et al (2012) shows that a lack of stable institutions, and poor alignment of these institutions with practices in other sectors and across governance scales are key systemic problems.

Many British soldiers charged with suppressing the American Revolution embarked on their mission animated by anger. They expressed their fury most frequently through indiscriminate looting. Marauding undermined the discipline of the king's troops and their commanders' strategy by making enemies out of American moderates who had not yet rebelled, alienating Loyalists, and renewing Rebel resolve to continue fighting. In either 1778 or 1779, General Sir Henry Clinton, the British commander-in-chief in North America, commissioned two aides-de-camp, Major Patrick Ferguson and Captain John André, to formulate independent plans to enable British armies to operate in the interior without alienating hearts and minds. This article explores how Clinton, Lieutenant General Lord Charles Cornwallis, and other British commanders attempted to implement the André/Ferguson plan in the American South in 1780 and 1781.

For years, the view has been repeated that Asia's age is coming, and thus the position of both Europe and the United States is declining. The main factor behind these tectonic shifts in relative economic power and the associated geopolitical situation is the nearly four decades of rapid growth of Chinese economy. The achievements of other Southeast Asian countries, especially India, with robust growth are also meaningful with this regard. The article verifies these views and analyzes the different aspects of China's confrontation with Europe and North America. The Asian dominance era is not coming, yet a relatively stronger position of the East at the cost of a weakening position of the West is emerging. Hence, a new multi-polar arrangement of forces in the global economy, without a hegemon, is being created.

The Rare Book & Manuscript Library of the Columbia University Libraries holds one of the single-largest collections of Russian sheet music in North America, particularly for the period circa 1924-1929. Recently, a substantial portion of this collection was fully digitized, and is available for viewing on the Libraries' website. This collection offers both visual and aural delights, reflecting a period of great creative excitement, political tension, and relative freedom of expression paralleling the economic liberalization of the New Economic Policy, introduced by Lenin at the Tenth Party Congress in March of 1921, and drawing to a close with the consolidation of power by Stalin in 1928. This Introduction provides background on both the significant visual element of the collection—in the form of decorative wrappers—and of course the music and lyrics encountered in the scores themselves.

The Rare Book & Manuscript Library of the Columbia University Libraries holds one of the single-largest collections of Russian sheet music in North America, particularly for the period circa 1924-1929. Recently, a substantial portion of this collection was fully digitized, and is available for viewing on the Libraries' website. This collection offers both visual and aural delights, reflecting a period of great creative excitement, political tension, and relative freedom of expression paralleling the economic liberalization of the New Economic Policy, introduced by Lenin at the Tenth Party Congress in March of 1921, and drawing to a close with the consolidation of power by Stalin in 1928. This Introduction provides background on both the significant visual element of the collection—in the form of decorative wrappers—and of course the music and lyrics encountered in the scores themselves.

The issue of the value impairing impact of airports on nearby properties has been studied in the technical literature for decades. There is quite a wide consensus on the fact that in North America and Western Europe, the increasing noise pollution caused by airports leads to reduced property values: in general, each 1 dB growth in noise level leads to a 1% drop in property value. The purpose of this study is to find a correlation between noise levels and property value impairment (if any), based on the limited amount of available data, with regard to Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport (BUD). The examination described in this paper was conducted applying the commonly-used hedonic model, and, even though this study could not prove the correlation, it designates the direction in which necessary database-building and future research should be conducted.

Multiculturalism is an increasingly salient election issue. The growing size of many countries' ethnic minority populations pushes parties to support multiculturalism, whereas the emergence of far-right parties in many countries pressures them to oppose it. This article examines parties' positions on multiculturalism in a comparative context. It looks at 19 countries including most of Western Europe, North America, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan. It argues that the influence of ethnic minorities over parties depends on electoral systems, and the strategies mainstream parties adopt in response to the far-right. The article finds that increases in ethnic minorities' electoral strength lead parties to increase their support of multiculturalism to a greater degree in single-member district electoral systems than in proportional ones. Further, parties co-opt the anti-multicultural positions of far-right parties, and right parties do so more than left parties.

<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 24pt 36pt;"><span style="color: #131413; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium;">This paper critically analyzes how youth mentorship discourse in North America supports hegemonic and normative values of patriarchy, gender role expectations, and negative youth stereotypes. Utilizing critical discourse analysis, I identify and make explicit the additional agendas present in youth mentorship programs. Through an examination of the language and rhetorical devices used to promote youth mentorship programs, multiple elements of discourse are identified as supporting the inculcation of youth with neoliberal values such as competition, entrepreneurism, and self-regulation. The implications of this analysis suggest the continual and increasing presence of neoliberal and corporate capitalistic values in the once publicly funded welfare state.</span></p>

Editor's Note: A two-part podcast featuring a discussion by the authors of the Mini-symposium on Urban Governance can be found at http://journals.sagepub.com/page/uar/podcasts Studies of urban governance have, in recent years, begun to focus increasing attention on the nature of complexity within governance processes, and the challenges that urban governance constructs face when operating in multifaceted policy and political environments. This article explores the question of "hybridization" in urban governance. To do so, we address three questions: Is governance theory malleable enough to incorporate a hybrid focus? Are we witnessing the emergence of new hybrid governance modalities? Or, is it simply time to adopt a new mind-set to focus attention directly on the hybridization processes? This article explores the theory and practice of urban governance and hybridization in North America and Western Europe.

The shifting of global political-economy since early 1990s has been followed by the expansion of regional economy cooperation forum establishment, such as: NAFTA (North America Free Trade Area), EFTA (European Free Trade Area) and APEC (Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation). Indonesia, together with the other South East Asia countries who join ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asia), is also actively involved in engaging regional economy cooperation forums, such as: ASEAN-China FTA, ASEAN-India FTA, ASEAN-Jepang Economic Partnership, ASEAN Regional Economi Partnership (ARCEP). The establishment of those economic regionalism is apparently a strategy in responding economical globalization. Indonesia's involvement in those regional economy cooperations has increased its national commitment, both in going through economical liberization as well as in building its national economy competitiveness. This research describes Indonesian political challanges in responding the dynamic changes of that global economy.

This report explores the history of alternative communication technologies and networks ("alternets"). It focuses on three historic formations of alternets: 1) the community telephone networks of the late 19th and early 20th century, 2) the Free Radio movement of the 1960's and 1970's, and 3) the first generation of community networks providing Internet access in the 1990's. For each of these movements, the deliverable offers case studies of specific alternets in various countries, mostly in Europe but also in North America. For each of them, we focus on key issues of the netCommons project such as the governance of networks, their long-term sustainability and technological aspects, as well as the political and legal hurdles they faced. The report concludes by drawing parallels and lessons that may be relevant to guide the actions of today's community networks.