Suchergebnisse

How three key figures in Moscow, Beijing, and Tehran built ruthless irregular warfare campaigns that are eroding American power. In Three Dangerous Men, defense expert Seth Jones argues that the US is woefully unprepared for the future of global competition. While America has focused on building fighter jets, missiles, and conventional warfighting capabilities, its three principal rivals-Russia, Iran, and China-have increasingly adopted irregular warfare: cyber attacks, the use of proxy forces, propaganda, espionage, and disinformation to undermine American power. Jones profiles three pioneers of irregular warfare in Moscow, Beijing, and Tehran who adapted American techniques and made huge gains without waging traditional warfare: Russian Chief of Staff Valery Gerasimov; the deceased Iranian Major General Qassem Soleimani; and vice chairman of China's Central Military Commission Zhang Youxia. Each has spent his career studying American power and devised techniques to avoid a conventional or nuclear war with the US. Gerasimov helped oversee a resurgence of Russian irregular warfare, which included attempts to undermine the 2016 and 2020 US presidential elections and the SolarWinds cyber attack. Soleimani was so effective in expanding Iranian power in the Middle East that Washington targeted him for assassination. Zhang Youxia presents the most alarming challenge because China has more power and potential at its disposal. Drawing on interviews with dozens of US military, diplomatic, and intelligence officials, as well as hundreds of documents translated from Russian, Farsi, and Mandarin, Jones shows how America's rivals have bloodied its reputation and seized territory worldwide. Instead of standing up to autocratic regimes, Jones demonstrates that the United States has largely abandoned the kind of information, special operations, intelligence, and economic and diplomatic action that helped win the Cold War. In a powerful conclusion, Jones details the key steps the United States must take to alter how it thinks about-and engages in-competition before it is too late.

The potential for shelling and attacking nuclear power plants for the first time became an extremely dangerous reality in 2022. What is the purpose of this article, is legal-theoretical analysis of nuclear power plants shelling that would be state-sanctioned and unequivocally threaten world peace and global security, as well as the state and society; it is an analysis based on an interpretation of the sources of positive law. The threats of nuclear catastrophe, which may result from warfare and terrorist acts, loom over the state, society and the planet's radiation balance, creating the potential for environmental damage. At a time of escalating global confrontation with Russia, deepening the legal content of counter-nuclear terrorism to theorise and develop state-legal restrictive measures to legally limit military activities at nuclear power plants or in their immediate vicinity is relevant because of the danger of releasing destructive nuclear forces, radioactive contamination of people and territorial pollution. Developing legal norms that would limit military and subversive-terrorist activities of certain states in relation to nuclear facilities at the international and national levels would minimise threats to nuclear and radiation safety.

President Kennedy has it within his power to end the Cold War. Two equally dramatic and effective paths are open to him to accomplish this purpose. He can end the Cold War by capitulating to Communist demands in Berlin, in Laos and in the disarmament dialogue, or he can end it by starting a hot war.As long as Mr. Kennedy and the American people regard these alternatives as morally wrong and politically unwise, which I hope will be a long time, we will have to adjust to the perils and pitfalls of a notso- peaceful-coexistence. In this protracted conflict involving nuclear weapons (in being), unconventional warfare, diplomatic negotiations, trade, ideas and loyalties—in this novel twilight zone between war and peace—has the traditional doctrine of the just war any relevance? I believe it has. attempt to support the thesis that the traditional doctrine is relevant in principle to the nuclear-missile age, first by suggesting six necessary elements present in all moral-political decisions and then by sketching a brief outline for a "responsible" just war theory.

In this book, the authors explore the controversial Iranian nuclear programme through the conceptual lens of nuclear hedging. In 2002, revelations regarding undeclared nuclear facilities thrust Iran's nuclear activities under the spotlight and prompted concerns that Tehran was pursuing nuclear weapons. Iran has always denied nuclear weapons aspirations, yet it cannot be disputed that the Islamic Republic has gone well beyond what is required for a civil nuclear programme based on energy production and scientific research. What, then, is the nature and significance of Iran's nuclear behaviour? Does it form part of a coherent strategy? What can Iran's actions in the nuclear field tell us about Tehran's intentions? And what does the Iranian case teach us about proliferation behaviour more generally? This book addresses these questions by exploring the nature of nuclear hedging and how this approach might be identified, before applying this logic to the Iranian case. It provides fresh insights into the inherently opaque area of nuclear proliferation and a more nuanced interpretation of the Iranian nuclear challenge.

Aus indischer Sicht

The Shimoda case : a legal appraisal of the atomic attacks upon Hiroshima and Nagasaki -- Nuclear policy and world order : why denuclearization -- Toward a legal regime for nuclear weapons -- Nuclear weapons, international law, and the world court : a historic encounter -- The nuclear weapons advisory opinion and the new jurisprudence of global civil society -- Inhibiting reliance on biological weaponry : the role and relevance of international law -- Nuclear weapons and the end of democracy -- Nuclear weapons and the renewal of democracy -- Neutrality, international law, and the nuclear arms race -- Nuclearism and national interest : the situation of a non-nuclear ally -- A radical world order challenge : addressing global climate change and the threat of nuclear weapons -- Arms control, foreign policy, and global reform -- The illegitimacy of the non-proliferation regime -- No first use of nuclear weapons : pros and cons -- Environmental warfare and ecocide facts, appraisal, and proposals -- The paucity of the millennial moment : the case of nuclearism -- The nuclear challenge after 70 years -- The spirit of Thoreau in the age of Trident.

1. SUBMARINE INCURSIONS IN OCTOBER 1982 FOREIGN SUBMARINES PENETRATED THE WATERS OF THE SWEDISH NAVAL BASE AT MUSKO IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF THE STOCKHOLM ARCHIPELAGO. IN THE FOLLOWING ANTI-SUBMARINE WARFARE (ASW) OPERATIONS, THE SWEDISH NAVY FOR THE FIRST TIME TRIED TO TRAP A SUBMARINE AND FORCE IT TO THE SURFACE. THE INCIDENT, KNOWN AS THE HARSFJARDEN INCIDENT, ENDED WITH THE FAILURE OF THE SWEDISH NAVY TO PREVENT THE SUBMARINE OR SUBMARINES FROM ESCAPING. THE HARSFJARDEN INCIDENT WAS NO SINGLE OCCURRENCE. AFTER THE STRANDING OF THE SOVIET SUBMARINE U-137 NEAR THE KARLSKRONA NAVAL BASE IN OCTOBER 1981, SWEDEN EXPERIENCED A SHARP INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF DETECTED SUBMARINE INCIDENTS.1 TO SOME EXTENT THIS INCREASE COULD PROBABLY BE EXPLAINED AS A CONSEQUENCE OF IMPROVED SURVEILLANCE, BUT THERE WAS ALSO AN IMPORTANT CHANGE IN THE NATURE OF THE INCURSIONS. WHEREAS PREVIOUSLY SUBMARINES HAD LEFT SWEDISH WATERS UPON WARNING, THIS TIME THE INTRUDERS OPERATING SEVERAL TOGETHER, DID NOT LEAVE BUT RESORTED TO EVASIVE ACTION. ALSO THE SUBMARINES APPEARED IN SUCH AREAS AND DURING SUCH CIRCUMSTANCES THAT THEY COULD EVEN BE SUSPECTED OF HAVING THE DELIBERATE INTENTION TO BE DETECTED AND HUNTED.

"Many academics consider Obama to have been a master foreign policy strategist and shrewd practitioner of the art of realpolitik. This book demonstrates, however, that Obama in reality helped to institutionalize a permanent warfare state that resulted in gross human rights violations and contributed to America's strategic decline. His perpetuation of the War on Terror created more enemies and prompted the United States to lose influence in the Middle East. His Pivot to Asia policy intensified prospects for regional war while his unnecessary and willful military intervention destroyed Libya and drew the Russians in to protect Bashir al-Assad who won Syria's civil war. The Obama administration's heavy-handed interference in Ukraine led to effective Russian counter-moves, promoting a strategic alliance with China and regional integration that is moving the world towards multi-polarity. Obama's Unending Wars provides the first comprehensive critical history of the foreign policy of America's forty-fourth president - the drone king who ordered the bombing of seven Muslim countries, backtracked on a pledge to reduce America's nuclear arsenal, and helped fuel a new Cold War with Russia. Obama during his years in office provided billions of dollars in arms sales to Saudi Arabia as it assisted in the crushing of pro-democracy demonstrators in Bahrain and invaded Yemen. He sanctioned a coup in Honduras which plunged that country into chaos, perpetuated a failed drug war policy and contributed to the recolonization of Africa. As many in the time of Trump now glance nostalgically back to the Obama presidency, this book will help them to see the continuity -- and continuous failure -- of American foreign policy irrespective of the party or figurehead representing it"--