Suchergebnisse

In the context of transition to a circular economy, one of the strategic priorities is the development of technological innovations aimed at waste processing. In this study, the foundations have been developed for a low-temperature, environmentally safe method for efficient processing of organic municipal solid waste, which may be further applied for processing both municipal and industrial waste organics in order to obtain liquid products. The maximum yield of liquid products is ensured when conducting the coking of a mixture of organic waste with long residuum in the temperature range of 400-420 °C, with a heating rate of 5-70 °C/min, and with an optimal heating time to the coking temperature of 80 min. Recommendations on the use of the waste recycling products are given. The proposed process is consistent with the principles of circular economy and does not require external energy costs because the energy needed for the process is generated by burning the gas produced during the waste coking. The process does not produce emissions into the environment and, in combination with standard refining processes, can be used to obtain commercial petroleum products. © 2019 by the authors. ; Government Council on Grants, Russian Federation ; Funding: This research received no external funding. Funding: This research received no external funding. Acknowledgments: The work was supported by Act 211 of the Government of the Russian Federation, contract Acknowledgments: The work was supported by Act 211 of the Government of the Russian Federation, contract

1 Introduction to Solid Waste Management -- I. Introduction -- II. Solid Waste Generation -- III. Solid Waste Collection and Transportation -- IV. Solid Waste Disposal -- V. Recovery of Resources -- VI. Special Types of Solid Waste -- VII. Legislative Aspects of Solid Waste -- VIII. Concluding Remarks -- References -- 2 Mechanical Volume Reduction -- I. Introduction -- II. Shredding -- III. Baling -- IV. Size Reduction Applications -- V. Economics -- VI. Operation and Maintenance -- VII. Illustration of Shredder Selection -- References -- 3 Combustion and Incineration -- I. Introduction to Incineration -- II. Process Analysis of Incineration Systems -- III. Incineration Systems for Municipal Solid Waste -- IV. Incineration Systems for Municipal and Commercial Wastes -- VI. Economics of Incineration -- VII. An Approach to Design -- Appendix Waste Thermochemical Data -- References -- 4 Sanitary Landfill -- I. Introduction -- II. Site Selection -- III. Engineering, Construction, and Operation of Sanitary Landfill Sites -- IV. Environmental Considerations -- V. Termination of Operations -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 5 Composting Process -- I. Introduction -- II. Microbiology and Classification -- III. Design Approaches -- IV. Process Parameters -- V. Process Control -- VI. Pathogen Survival -- VII. Cost Considerations -- VIII. End Products -- IX. Summary -- X. Practical Examples -- References -- 6 Materials and Energy Recovery -- I. Introduction -- II. Resource Recovery Objectives -- III. Resource Recovery Operations -- IV. Selected Case Studies -- V. The Economics of Resource Recovery -- References -- 7 Solid waste Systems Planning -- I. Introduction -- II. Planning Methodology -- III. Evaluation Methodology -- References.

Land pollution belongs to the most serious environmental problems in Ukraine. The existing system of placing municipal solid waste (MSW) on landfills without proper pre-treatment based on ideas of the 1970s still dominates. Natural landscapes of Ukraine are largely destroyed due to legal and illegal landfills that exceed the space of all National parks and natural reserves. Currently Ukraine is going through massive social and political changes that allow modernization of the country on the basis of the fundamental trends of the sustainable development (SD). Waste management is a subject of particular attention. There is risk to give preference to outwardly attractive economic development, without regard to the unified, holistic models of the SD concept.Landscape ecology is one of the sciences that explore complex issues of interaction between society, economy and environment. It has to be effective in producing appropriate knowledge for landscape-development processes and would be suitable for use in collaborative decision-making on a local level.The purpose of this publication is to highlight opportunities for applied research in the area of MSW management which is the most problematic area in social and environmental measures. This is a subject for international environmental cooperation aimed at ensuring proper quality of Ukrainian landscapes as the country is seeking to be part of Western Europe. This paper presents local feasibility plan aimed at resolving problem of handling municipal waste flows and improving quality of urban landscapes. It is also aimed to show how significant the role of university has been in supporting the Triple Helix model, a driving force of MSW management on the local level. ; Land pollution belongs to the most serious environmental problems in Ukraine. The existing system of placing municipal solid waste (MSW) on landfills without proper pre-treatment based on ideas of the 1970s still dominates. Natural landscapes of Ukraine are largely destroyed due to legal and illegal landfills that exceed the space of all National parks and natural reserves. Currently Ukraine is going through massive social and political changes that allow modernization of the country on the basis of the fundamental trends of the sustainable development (SD). Waste management is a subject of particular attention. There is risk to give preference to outwardly attractive economic development, without regard to the unified, holistic models of the SD concept.Landscape ecology is one of the sciences that explore complex issues of interaction between society, economy and environment. It has to be effective in producing appropriate knowledge for landscape-development processes and would be suitable for use in collaborative decision-making on a local level.The purpose of this publication is to highlight opportunities for applied research in the area of MSW management which is the most problematic area in social and environmental measures. This is a subject for international environmental cooperation aimed at ensuring proper quality of Ukrainian landscapes as the country is seeking to be part of Western Europe. This paper presents local feasibility plan aimed at resolving problem of handling municipal waste flows and improving quality of urban landscapes. It is also aimed to show how significant the role of university has been in supporting the Triple Helix model, a driving force of MSW management on the local level.

Ujjain is known as one of the most significant cities of the India as Singhastha 2016 just passed by. Singhastha is an event where Billions of devotees come to take a dip in holy river Shipra for whole One month. In Ujjain average total solid waste generation now is about 226 tons per day in the city area only. A huge amount of money is spent by the Local government on the solid waste management transportation to trenching grounds. The trenching grounds are situated at 20 Kms away from the city in different directions. Solid Waste Management also produces various problems which create many issues with wastage of money therefore; a big need for the ecofriendly disposal technique is been posted. In this paper we are proposing a technique known as vermicomposting which is a good solution to treatment of organic solid wastes. In this technique we have found the degradation of organic municipal solid waste by earthworms. In the research work the temperature is been maintained at 25-35°c, moisture content maintained about at 45- 55% and pH between 7.0-7.3. About 100 grams earthworms {Eisenia Fetida} per kilogram of municipal solid waste were taken. The final result shows that the organic municipal solid wasted are been converted to manure in a time period of 35 - 36 days through vermicomposting technique and about 63% volume of municipal solid waste is reduced for transportation.

Màster d'Enginyeria Ambiental, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2019-2020, Tutors: Bernardí Bayarri, Sergi Astals ; Climate change is one of the biggest challenges humanity is actually facing. This is why the European Union has recently issued a more restrictive waste management Directive, which establishes a minimum percentages of selective waste collection for the coming years. To achieve these objective is necessary to improve the current selective collection methods. This is why organic matter becomes important, due to the large amount that is generated as well as its subsequent valorization possibilities. In this final master project a study of the current collection systems is made to find out which are their main characteristics that allow improving the separation efficiency. In addition, the existing technologies that allow differentiating organic matter from other types of materials are reviewed. Succeeding, an innovative organic matter collection system based on X-ray technology is designed. This prototype is design to reject the organic matter waste bags that have an amount of improper materials greater than the desired maximum limit. In this way, citizens can be rewarded for making good use of the system. Subsequently, due to the high cost of the X-ray based system a second system was designed. It is a system where users are identified by QR codes on the waste bags. This allows a subsequent bag inspection to benefit or fine the user. Finally, a preliminary economic comparison of both systems and the current one is carried out. In addition to the environmental advantages and compliance with the European Directive, better separation of organic waste at source reduces the cost of pre-treating it. With this framework, the economic feasibility of both designs is studied