Suchergebnisse

The purpose of our research was to analyse the influence of social networks on the perception of the war in Ukraine as well as on the course of the struggle in the information field. Today, social networks have become one of the main trendsetters, therefore, to effectively fight against disinformation and enemy information attacks, it is necessary to understand not only the specifics of their audience's perception of information but also to be well-versed in the specifics of the content generated by social media. For this purpose, we used the comparative method, monitoring, and content analysis. In the article, we give examples of ethical dilemmas that Russia can use to its advantage in the war against Ukraine. For example, social media policies prohibit the posting of sensitive content. This does not allow telling the whole truth about the war, as a result of which not everyone understands the depth of the tragedy. Thanks to this, the world's reaction to Russia's criminal actions is not as harsh as it could be. Our research was an attempt not only to outline the problem but also to propose ways to solve it. It is clear that media and ethics are inseparable, but at the same time, it is necessary to understand that ethics cannot hide the truth. In future studies, it is worth investigating more deeply the ethical norms of the coverage of sensitive content, especially about war. Perhaps it would be worthwhile indicating the situations that allow departure from the general rules.

Civil dialogue has an impact on the quality of public policy, in the online form it allows direct influence of stakeholders on the process of formulation and its implementation. It is also a new quality in the process of evaluating public policy. Civil dialogue is usually understood as a process of communication between the state authority and non-governmental organizations, but the author of the article indicates that it is possible to conduct civil dialogue in a direct way with citizens through social media. He presents the results of research aimed at verifying the use of social media by the authorities in order to establish a dialogue with citizens. The research consisted in measuring and analyzing communication conducted by selected Polish voivodeship cities on the Twitter social network. The author points out the characteristic styles of communication that can be interpreted from the perspective of civil dialogue.

Ethical dimensions of conducting online therapy: the analysis of selected websites
Abstract
The development of online psychological counselling brings new ethical challenges, related to the use of advanced technologies in traditional psychological tasks. The aim of the article is to present two studies of websites dedicated to provide online psychological counselling services (N = 43, 80), in which the degree of implementation of ethical principles was verified. The results confirmed that not all ethical requirements are implemented to a sufficient degree. The article also presents proposals for actions aimed at increasing ethical awareness of practitioners and changes necessary to introduce in Polish codes of ethic.

Civil dialogue has an impact on the quality of public policy, inthe online form it allows direct influence of stakeholders on the process of formulation and its implementation. It is also anew quality inthe process of evaluating public policy. Civil dialogue is usually understood as aprocess of communication between the state authority and non-governmental organizations, but the author of the article indicates that it is possible toconduct civil dialogue inadirect way with citizens through social media. He presents the results of research aimed at verifying the use of social media by the authorities inorder toestablish adialogue with citizens. The research consisted inmeasuring and analyzing communication conducted by selected Polish voivodeship cities on the Twitter social network. The author points out the characteristic styles of communication that can be interpreted from the perspective of civil dialogue. ; Dialog obywatelski wpływa najakość prowadzonej polityki publicznej, wformie online umożliwia bezpośrednie wpływanie interesariuszy naproces jej formułowania iimplementacji. Stanowi również nową jakość wprocesie ewaluacji polityki publicznej. Dialog obywatelski rozumiany jest najczęściej jako proces komunikacji pomiędzy władzą państwową aorganizacjami pozarządowymi, autor artykułu wskazuje jednak, że możliwe jest prowadzenie dialogu obywatelskiego wsposób bezpośredni zobywatelami za pomocą mediów społecznościowych. Przedstawia wyniki badań, których celem była weryfikacja sposobu korzystania przez władzę zmediów społecznościowych wcelu nawiązania dialogu zobywatelami. Badanie polegało napomiarach ianalizie komunikacji prowadzonej przez wybrane polskie miasta wojewódzkie wserwisie społecznościowym Twitter. Autor wskazuje nacharakterystyczne style komunikacji, które można interpretować zperspektywy dialogu obywatelskiego.

The article aims to examine the role of non-farm actors and environmental interest groups in the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union (EU). It uses policy networks as an analytical tool to understand the structure, dynamics and outcomes of the EU's agricultural decision-making processes. Both locations of actors in the CAP policy structures and interaction modes between actors are examined. Also, the role of networks in shaping the CAP's reform decisions is assessed. The article shows that non-farm actors, and specifically environmentalists, researchers and other agents interested in major CAP reforms, have limited influence on final policy outcomes. At the same time though it has been found that non-farm actors play an increasingly important role in framing the CAP policy debate. They form active and vocal issue networks that impinge upon initial stages of the agenda setting phase in the policy cycle process. Also, the EU institutions become more and more dependent on non-farm actors' expertise when it comes to policy evaluation. Although the pro-reform approach of these actors is clearly noticeable, it is still too small to bring more than incremental changes within the policy

The article aims to examine the role of non-farm actors and environmental interest groups in the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union (EU). It uses policy networks as an analytical tool to understand the structure, dynamics and outcomes of the EU's agricultural decision-making processes. Both locations of actors in the CAP policy structures and interaction modes between actors are examined. Also, the role of networks in shaping the CAP's reform decisions is assessed. The article shows that non-farm actors, and specifically environmentalists, researchers and other agents interested in major CAP reforms, have limited influence on final policy outcomes. At the same time though it has been found that non-farm actors play an increasingly important role in framing the CAP policy debate. They form active and vocal issue networks that impinge upon initial stages of the agenda setting phase in the policy cycle process. Also, the EU institutions become more and more dependent on non-farm actors' expertise when it comes to policy evaluation. Although the pro-reform approach of these actors is clearly noticeable, it is still too small to bring more than incremental changes within the policy

ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution), as a non-judicial resolution of disputes, is a wide range of mechanisms that aim to put an end to a conflict without the need of conducting a trial before the court. On the other hand, the modern form of ADR is ODR (Online Dispute Resolution) – an online dispute resolution system that is the expression of the newest means of communication and technical innovations in order to help in non-judicial dispute resolving. The goal of this publication is to present the ODR platform and, in particular, to describe the process of filing a complaint by the consumer by means of it. ; ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution), as a non-judicial resolution of disputes, is a wide range of mechanisms that aim to put an end to a conflict without the need of conducting a trial before the court. On the other hand, the modern form of ADR is ODR (Online Dispute Resolution) – an online dispute resolution system that is the expression of the newest means of communication and technical innovations in order to help in non-judicial dispute resolving. The goal of this publication is to present the ODR platform and, in particular, to describe the process of filing a complaint by the consumer by means of it.

In the 21st century, information is golden. The question is whether in his book entitled Open Source Intelligence Techniques: Resources for Searching and Analyzing Online Information Michael Bazzell teaches us how to get it? This review answers this question by providing an objective overview on the publication. The introduction contains certain biographical information on the author, including information on his experience and its impact on the development of the open-source intelligence (OSINT). Next, the reviewer goes on to describe the solutions that M. Bazzell proposes to his readers, followed by the assessment of the work's goal and reasoning, the author's familiarity with the recent studies in the field, as well as the language of and the logic behind the statements. The review ends with a summary of the strengths and weaknesses of the publication and a clear view on the work.

The network of hospitals was implemented by an amendment of healthcare services financed from public funds. The act was introduced on 1st October 2017. The goals of the new organization of healthcare were not written directly in in the law or in the justification of the draft bill. It is supposed that the Ministry of Health planned through these changes to strengthen public hospitals and limit competition of public financing for private hospitals. The aim of the article is to stress the role of public policy in programming law changes in the future. The implementation of the science of public policy could improve the quality of the Polish law in the healthcare system.

"Artykuły zaprezentowane w monografii są odpowiedzią na sytuację, jaka zaistniała w związku z pandemią COVID-19 i jej konsekwencjami odnoszącymi się zarówno do obecności technologii informatycznych we wszystkich obszarach życia społecznego, jak i powszechności ich wykorzystania. Celem publikacji jest więc zobrazowanie złożoności i dynamiki zachodzących procesów wirtualizacji życia społecznego i ich wpływu na funkcjonowanie osób z niepełnosprawnościami, także z uwzględnieniem ostatnich wydarzeń związanych ze światową epidemią. Poszczególne rozdziały książki koncentrują się m.in. na: sposobach wykorzystania Internetu przez osoby z niepełnosprawnościami, edukacji online i kompetencjach cyfrowych osób z niepełnosprawnościami, wirtualnej aktywności obywatelskiej oraz aktywności społecznej i politycznej osób z niepełnosprawnościami. Istotny nacisk został też położony na wymiar aplikacyjny przygotowywanych tekstów. Publikacja łączy w sobie zarówno cechy opracowania naukowego, opartego na badaniach własnych poszczególnych autorów, jak i wnioski mające charakter rekomendacji."--