Introduction: Morocco bound, 1942-1973 -- Taking Casablanca -- American orientalism: taking Casablanca -- Sheltering screens: Paul Bowles and foreign relations -- Queer Tangier -- Tangier(s): the multiple cold war contexts of the international zone -- Disorienting the national subject: Burroughs's Tangier, Hitchcock's Marrakech -- Three serious writers, two serious authors: Jane Bowles, Mohammed Mrabet, and the erotics of collaboration politics of translation -- Marrakech Express -- Hippie orientalism: the interpretation of countercultures -- Notes -- Works cited -- Index
El análisis sobre el conocimiento hispánico de la Cuestión Oriental comúnmente ha constituido un tema relegado al olvido en la historiografía. Sin embargo, las progresivas investigaciones constatan la existencia de una percepción orientalista sobre el sureste europeo en el pensamiento español decimonónico. De hecho, los recurrentes estudios africanistas se afianzaron con posterioridad a la formulación de teorías relativas a la Cuestión Oriental, materia presente en varias autoridades intelectuales. Dicho proceso, cuya delimitación cronológica se circunscribe habitualmente entre 1821 y 1923, denominó la problemática surgida a raíz de la agudización de la crisis otomana y su incidencia en el campo de las relaciones internacionales europeas. Su desarrollo histórico conoció varios conflictos de carácter continental motivados por factores políticos, ideológicos, económicos y militares intelectuales a lo largo del siglo XIX: la Revolución helena (1821-1830), la guerra de Crimea (1853-1856) y la guerra ruso-otomana de 1877-1878 o guerra de Oriente.
The subject of this doctoral thesis is the relation between literature and imperial ideology in the world of Pierre Loti. Journeys to the Orient had a great vogue throughout the 19th century and followed the same direction as the colonial undertaking that influenced the vision of the world at that period. The aspiration for the East intertwined with the imperial perspective, the territorial expansion of the European powers influenced the perception of outside the West. Pierre Loti has discovered the local situation in each country he visited and has written, from this existential experience, exotic and mundane stories. The purpose of our thinking is to call into question the connection between the writer and the East under colonial influence. It attempts to clarify the mechanism of his thoughts on the culture of non-Western civilizations and tries to analyze the representation of Turkey, India and Japan in his novels ; Cette thèse interroge la relation entre la littérature et l'idée impérialiste chez Pierre Loti. La vogue du voyage en Orient au XIXe siècle correspond au développement de la colonisation commerciale et politique qui change de façon fondamentale la vision du monde pour les gens de l'époque. L'aspiration vers l'ailleurs s'entremêlant à la perspective impériale, l'expansion territoriale européenne influence la perception du dehors de l'Occident. En poursuivant son rêve oriental, Pierre Loti, quant à lui, découvre la réalité locale à l'étranger et écrit de cette expérience existentielle des récits tout aussi exotiques que banals. Le but de notre réflexion est de mettre en question le rapport de l'écrivain à l'Orient sous influence coloniale. Elle s'efforce d'éclaircir le mécanisme de ses pensées sur l'ailleurs à partir des études sur la représentation de la Turquie, de l'Inde et du Japon
The subject of this doctoral thesis is the relation between literature and imperial ideology in the world of Pierre Loti. Journeys to the Orient had a great vogue throughout the 19th century and followed the same direction as the colonial undertaking that influenced the vision of the world at that period. The aspiration for the East intertwined with the imperial perspective, the territorial expansion of the European powers influenced the perception of outside the West. Pierre Loti has discovered the local situation in each country he visited and has written, from this existential experience, exotic and mundane stories. The purpose of our thinking is to call into question the connection between the writer and the East under colonial influence. It attempts to clarify the mechanism of his thoughts on the culture of non-Western civilizations and tries to analyze the representation of Turkey, India and Japan in his novels ; Cette thèse interroge la relation entre la littérature et l'idée impérialiste chez Pierre Loti. La vogue du voyage en Orient au XIXe siècle correspond au développement de la colonisation commerciale et politique qui change de façon fondamentale la vision du monde pour les gens de l'époque. L'aspiration vers l'ailleurs s'entremêlant à la perspective impériale, l'expansion territoriale européenne influence la perception du dehors de l'Occident. En poursuivant son rêve oriental, Pierre Loti, quant à lui, découvre la réalité locale à l'étranger et écrit de cette expérience existentielle des récits tout aussi exotiques que banals. Le but de notre réflexion est de mettre en question le rapport de l'écrivain à l'Orient sous influence coloniale. Elle s'efforce d'éclaircir le mécanisme de ses pensées sur l'ailleurs à partir des études sur la représentation de la Turquie, de l'Inde et du Japon
The first major study since the 1930s of the relationship between American Transcendentalism and Asian religions, and the first comprehensive work to include post-Civil War Transcendentalists like Samuel Johnson, this book is encyclopedic in scope. Beginning with the inception of Transcendentalist Orientalism in Europe, Versluis covers the entire history of American Transcendentalism into the twentieth century, and the profound influence of Orientalism on the movement-including its analogues and influences in world religious dialogue. He examines what he calls "positive Orientalism," which recognizes the value and perennial truths in Asian religions and cultures, not only in the writings of major figures like Thoreau and Emerson, but also in contemporary popular magazines. Versluis's exploration of the impact of Transcendentalism on the twentieth-century study of comparative religions has ramifications for the study of religious history, comparative religion, literature, politics, history, and art history
What explains the perception of Asians both as economic exemplars and as threats? America's Asia explores a discursive tradition that affiliates the East with modern efficiency, in contrast to more familiar primitivist forms of Orientalism. Colleen Lye traces the American stereotype of Asians as a "model minority" or a "yellow peril"--Two aspects of what she calls "Asiatic racial form"--to emergent responses to globalization beginning in California in the late nineteenth century, when industrialization proceeded in tandem with the nation's neocolonial expansion beyond its continental frontier
Claims to new or critical knowledge can often be non-performative. Building off of this assumption ; this paper demonstrates the ways in which the 2010-2011 uprisings across the Middle East and North Africa have been analysed through approaches that claim to be critical and post-Orientalist and yet reproduce problematic assumptions about the region ; revealing their connection to a longer genealogy dating back to Orientalism. This serves to sanitize the uprisings by virtue of a neoliberal agenda that reproduces the 'Middle East' straitjacket ; in turn creating a typology not too different from realist analysis in the region that (re)posits 'Arab exceptionalism'. Claims to being critical ; or making a critical turn ; are thus questioned in this paper through an analysis that shows how theory has been in the interest of power through the appropriation of native informants into the academic complex of think-tanks ; Western donor institutions ; and foreign media.Taking our cue from Edward Said ; we explore how new approaches have presented themselves as critical and have disrobed themselves of their exotic and explicit racist discourse ; despite the fact that the same assumptions continue to lurk in the background. Using Sara Ahmed's notion of the non-performativity of claims to being critical ; we survey how the Middle East is being reshaped through these 'new' and 'critical' approaches that in essence are apologetic to neoliberalism and liberal governmentality at large. We show how minorities continue to be an intervention mechanism under the so-called 'freedom of belief' agenda ; how the 'democracy paradigm' advances electoralism as freedom ; and how rights-based approaches with their underlying (neo)liberal assumptions continue to determine gender politics and analysis despite postcolonial interventions.By creating a contemporary genealogy of Middle East area studies and surveying calls for proposals for journal articles ; media publications ; Western think-tank reports ; donor programs and Civil Society Organizations' (CSOs) expansion into the Middle East ; this paper argues that this form of surveillance ; though masquerading as 'critical' ; builds off of neoliberal governmentality. This ; in turn ; molds a subjectivity that reifies the Middle East as a stagnant entity.
In Europe, the historical representation and narration of China and the Orient more in general from an outsider's point of view has conjured up an exotic and a-historical image of a poetical, mystical and refined civilization. In Walpole's Britain, for example, "the argument from the Chinese"—namely, the admiration for a prosperous and densely populated kingdom which did not belong to a single faith—was frequently used in religious disputes when claiming a wider or more coherent policy of tolerance or seeking to cut down the prerogatives of the clerical hierarchies. This chapter explores further Western uses of "the argument from the Chinese" in modern times and through different media (Antonioni; Yanne; Martin).
The term 'parasitic architecture' is an overused, and misunderstood buzzword within the architectural and urban planning community. By breaking down, through case study, how a space is developed and evolves, reclassification of architectural parasites is possible. Focusing on how parasitic architecture has produced urban growth and development of community within Tokyo as the primary case study, the reclassification is based in pre-existing architectural development and the nature of actual, living parasites. This reclassification of architectural parasite produces three separate types of parasite; the 'structured,' 'symbiotic' and the 'hyper transient.' Through the use of redefinition and reclassification, parasites in an architectural or urban planning context are then able to be manipulated as a tool for propagation within the existing built environment. Space within cities and megacities are becoming more of a commodity, so by utilising these new parasitic tools, it is possible to manipulate space to allow for an increase in urban growth, whilst still being flexible enough to fit into pre-existing planning legislation globally.
Absract. The historical dynamics of the West-Islam always depicted as a phenomenon of misperception, antipathy, and conflicts that have been going on since the 12th century. The events of the Crusades and the spirit of reconquest of areas once occupied by Islam, leaving a bad-trail imprint in almost all perspectives of Western society towards Islam. Western antipathy was shown through negative sentiments, such as the term "saracen" to Muslim troops and the title of "Moor" which is still used by Western elites when they invaded and control various Muslim-majority areas. The heritage of Islamic civilization for the progress of the Western World is only valued to the extent of the "threat" about the revival of the glory of Islamic civilization that had ruled the world for about 7 centuries. The efforts of some Western scholars who are more objective perceived in understanding Islam, apparently are not so influential and Islam was still misunderstood by the West, even Islamophobia was becoming a phenomenon that strengthens as a form of Western fear of Islam. This paper seeks to portray the historical dynamics of West-Islam from various perspectives descriptively-analysis through a historical approach. Historical awareness is needed, so that too excessive and baseless assessments of anything should be avoided, because history was a series of past events that can provide information in the present, functioning as a frame of knowledge in placing a reality in a fitting and objective manner. Abstrak. Dinamika historis Barat-Islam selalu menggambarkan fenomena mispersepsi, antipati, bahkan konflik yang telah berjalan sejak abad ke-12. Peristiwa Perang Salib dan semangat penaklukan kembali wilayah-wilayah yang pernah dikuasai Islam oleh pasukan Salib, meninggalkan jejak buruk dalam hampir seluruh perspektif masyarakat Barat terhadap Islam. Antipati Barat ditunjukkan melalui sentimen negatif, seperti sebutan "saracen" kepada pasukan Muslim dan gelar orang "Moor" yang tetap dipakai kalangan elit Barat ketika mereka melakukan invasi dan penguasaan atas berbagai wilayah berpenduduk mayoritas Muslim. Warisan peradaban Islam bagi kemajuan Dunia Barat hanya dihargai sebatas "ancaman" tentang kebangkitan kembali kejayaan peradaban Islam yang pernah menguasai dunia selama kurang lebih 7 abad. Upaya beberapa sarjana Barat yang lebih objektif dalam memahami Islam, ternyata tidak begitu berpengaruh dan Islam tetap disalahpahami oleh Barat, bahkan Islamofobia menjadi fenomena yang menguat sebagai bentuk ketakutan Barat terhadap Islam. Tulisan ini berupaya memotret dinamika historis Barat-Islam dari berbagai perspektif secara deskriptif-analisis melalui pendekatan historis. Kesadaran historis diperlukan, sehingga penilaian yang terlampau berlebihan dan tanpa dasar terhadap hal apapun seharusnya dapat dihindari, sebab sejarah merupakan rangkaian peristiwa masa lalu yang dapat memberikan informasi pada masa kini, berfungs sebagai bingkai pengetahuan dalam menempatkan sebuah realitas secara pas dan objektif.
Tearing Off the Masks: Narratives on Jewish CommunistsThe paper presents an analysis of the contemporary Polish debate on Jewish communists. The analysis was performed in the framework of colonialist theories. I deconstructed narrations about Jewish communists, which belong in the Polish political mainstream, and are regarded as moderate, objective and devoid of any ideology. The tropes shared by the colonialist discourse and the debate on Jewish communists are: orientalisation, eroticisation, infantilisation, presenting the object of research outside the historical context, abolishing the context of social and political inequalities, and declaring the victims guilty of the violence they experience. Zdzieranie masek. Sposoby pisania o żydowskich komunistachNiniejszy tekst jest próbą analizy współczesnego polskiego dyskursu o żydowskich komunistach za pomocą narzędzi wypracowanych przez badaczki i badaczy dyskursów kolonialnych. Dekonstruowane tutaj narracje o żydowskich komunistach przynależą do głównego nurtu polskiej sfery publicznej i postrzegane są w jego obrębie jako eksperckie, wyważone, niepodporządkowane żadnej ideologii. Tropami, które łączą dyskurs kolonialny i dyskurs o żydowskich komunistach, są między innymi: orientalizacja, erotyzacja, infantylizacja, prezentacja przedmiotu badań poza kontekstem historycznym, unieważnienie kontekstu politycznych i społecznych nierówności, wreszcie obarczenie opisywanych winą za przemoc, której doświadczają.
