Suchergebnisse

One of the basic conditions for economic stability is price stability. The advantages and disadvantages of intervening in prices in the base of economic liberalization are discussed. In the Ottoman Economy, in times of crisis such as war, famine, supply of raw materials and economic distress, prices were intervened with the fixed price application in line with the aim of preventing black market. It is necessary to reveal the advantages and disadvantages of these interventions and to evaluate the level of sustainability. For this purpose, the interaction between the artisans and the state is analyzed within the framework of a game-theoretic model repeated in this study. It is concluded that the interventions regarding the narh implementation are unsustainable. Keywords: Game Theory, Price Stability, Ottoman Economy, Narh Application

AbstractIn early-modern Ottoman economy the notion of market welfare proposed here meant a system that partially sti fled competition and efficiency for the sake of economic stability and equity for those established within its boundaries. Such a system worked even in the face of political decentralization when economic regulation from "above" (Istanbul and "the state") was seemingly on the wane. Discussing available research and raising questions for future study, the article examines forms of regulation from the "middle" by local officials/notables, courts, and economic institutions in cities throughout the Empire and the role of consumers in economic regulation. The article further suggests why economic opening in a later era of integration into the world economy gradually put an end to an inward-looking, early-modern economic life. Dans l'économie ottomane du début de l'ère moderne (17e–18e siècles), la notion, proposée ici, de bien-être par le marché signifiait un système qui décourageait voire étouffait partiellement compétition et efficacité dans le but d'assurer une stabilité et une équité économique à ceux compris dans son périmètre. Un tel système fonctionnait toujours même dans un contexte de décentralisation politique, alors que la régulation économique venue « d'en haut » (d'Istanbul et de « l'Etat » ) semblait être en train de s'affaiblir. Considérant la recherche effectuée à ce sujet et soulevant des nouvelles questions pour une future enquête, le présent article étudie des formes de régulation émanant du « milieu » et établies localement par des fonctionnaires/dignitaires, des tribunaux, et des institutions économiques dans des villes à travers l'Empire, ainsi que le rôle joué par les consommateurs dans ce processus. L'article tente aussi d'expliquer pourquoi l'ouverture économique durant la période postérieure, celle de l'intégration dans l'économie mondiale, a mis fin, progressivement, à une vie économique tournée vers l'intérieur qui a caractérisé le début de l'ère moderne.

The typical view of the Turkish economy in the 1930s generally has been that it not only performed well while coping with the hardship brought about by the Great Depression, but that it also received a big boost from the state's industrialization program. This usually has been characterized as the success of the economic policies implemented by the new republic in the 1930s. These policies have been considered successful because the young republic not only recovered from the wounds it suffered during the turbulent transition period from the Ottoman Empire, but it also began to realize considerably higher growth rates-mainly in industry, but also across the national economic spectrum.

WOS:000543551500003 ; The prosperity, stability, and socio-economic balance observed throughout Ottoman history was largely sustained by several key institutions developed in accordance with emerging challenges of the time whilst functioning effectively. Both the Ottoman economic mindset and impact of those institutions on the socio-economic and financial development cannot be ignored. In addition to other significant economic, social and political institutions, the waqf (charitable endowments) played a crucial role in Ottoman society and contributed to the supply of primary social needs, whether related to education, finance, health, economy, infrastructure or social stability. This article seeks to explore the role of waqfs, especially cash waqfs throughout 15th -19th century Ottoman Europe. It concludes that the investment of those waqf-based charity institution in religious, educational, health, and socio-economic sectors allowed for invaluable contributions in social spheres and public welfare in addition to playing a crucial role in the economic and financial stability and sustainability of the Ottoman society over long periods of time.

The prosperity, stability, and socio-economic balance observed throughout Ottoman history was largely sustained by several key institutions developed in accordance with emerging challenges of the time whilst functioning effectively. Both the Ottoman economic mindset and impact of those institutions on the socio-economic and financial development cannot be ignored. In addition to other significant economic, social and political institutions, the waqf (charitable endowments) played a crucial role in Ottoman society and contributed to the supply of primary social needs, whether related to education, finance, health, economy, infrastructure or social stability. This article seeks to explore the role of waqfs, especially cash waqfs throughout 15th-19th century Ottoman Europe. It concludes that the investment of those waqf-based charity institution in religious, educational, health, and socio-economic sectors allowed for invaluable contributions in social spheres and public welfare in addition to playing a crucial role in the economic and financial stability and sustainability of the Ottoman society over long periods of time. Keywords: Balkan, cash Waqf, development, endowment, Islamic finance, Ottoman civilization, Ottoman economy. Cite as: Bulut, M. (2020). Civilization, economy and waqf in Ottoman Europe. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 5(2), 48-67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss2pp48-67

The subject of this study is Sarantis Archigenes' Tasarrufat-i Mulkiye (Economic Politique). We aim to show that even though Tasarrufat-i Mulkiye is not the first political economy book written in Turkish, it is the first one which provides both theoretical political-economic knowledge and policy recommendations for the Ottoman economy. In other words, we suggest that Archigenes' Tasarrufat-i Mulkiye is the first treatise in Turkish on political economy adapted particularly to the Ottoman Empire. Adapted from the source document.