Suchergebnisse

In the image of Great Patriotic War in the novel "The General and his Army" ("General i ego armija") by G. Vladimov there is an allusion to "War and Peace" by L. Tolstoy. Tolstoy's influence on Vladimov lead to the negative attitude of the author to the totalitarian policy of the soviet government. The same effect has an allusion to "Hadgy-Murat" by L. Tolstoy in the story "Causcasian" by V. Makanin. In the stories "The Crescent has come out of Mist" and the "To See a Tree" by V. Vishneveckoy there are some references to F. Dostoevskiy (the author of "Crime and Punishment") and to philosophy of so called "live life" of such characters as Mishkin and Karamzin. In L. Petrushevskaya's and T. Tolstaya's prose the issue of "a little person" typical of Russian classical literature is considered as an existential problem of constantly dramatical position of a person in a hostile environment. As for the issue of resignation and sacrifice modern writers L. Ulickaya and T. Tolstaya in their works demonstrate a tense opposition to Dostoevskiy's philosophy, they prefer characters of moral class of Natasha Rostova (L. Tolstoy "War and Peace") to "eternal Sonechka Marmeladova" (F. Dostoevskiy "Crime and Punishment").

The article is devoted to the analysis and comparison of two concepts of utopian justice presented by French philosophers Quentin Meillassoux and François Laruelle. According to the author's hypothesis, Laruelle's project of "non-philosophical ethics", which he developed in "General Theory of Victims", is a direct response to the theses that were presented in Meillassoux's dissertation and several subsequent articles. Both Meillassoux's speculative materialism and Laruelle's non-philosophy intersect in several aspects which, however, are not limited to the field of social philosophy and metaphysical ethics.The general philosophical projects and strategies of Meillassoux and Laruelle are briefly examined and compared. There are a number of significant parallels. The author analyses the speculative materialist and non-philosophical conceptions of justice arising from the general projects described in the first section.The author comes to the conclusion that Laruelle's "General Theory of Victims" is a step-by-step refutation of Meillassoux's project and that the conception of justice provided by Laruelle is more democratic in its character. ; Статья посвящена разбору и сопоставлению двух концепций утопической справедливости, представленных французскими философами Квентином Мейясу и Франсуа Ларюэлем. По гипотезе автора, проект «нефилософской этики» Ларюэля, развернутый им в книге «Общая теория жертв», является непосредственным ответом на тезисы, которые были изложены Мейясу в докторской диссертации и ряде последующих статей. И спекулятивный материализм Мейясу, и нефилософия Ларюэля вместе с тем содержательно пересекаются в нескольких отношениях, которые не ограничены полем социальной философии и метафизической этики.Кратко рассматриваются и сопоставляются общие философские проекты и стратегии Мейясу и Ларюэля. Обнаруживается ряд значимых параллелей. Разбираются спекулятивно-материалистическая и нефилософская концепции справедливости, вытекающие из описанных в первом разделе общих проектов.Автор приходит к выводу, что «Общая теория жертв» Ларюэля является поэтапным развенчиванием проекта Мейясу и что выдвинутая Ларюэлем концепция справедливости является более демократической по характеру.

The article analyzes the concept of the "Moscow School of Metaphysics," an expression proposed by S.L. Frank in 1932 referring to the institutionalization of the initial advancement of Russian thought in the form of a "scientific metaphysics." S.L. Frank held the rationalism of L.M. Lopatin and the transcendentalism of S.N. Trubetskoy to be the chief methodologies of this movement. S.L. Frank's institutional identification is judged to be one episode in the search for a general developmental pattern within Russian thought – a movement toward a scientific and systematic philosophy. In his book Russian Philosophy around S.L. Frank. Selected articles (2020) the contemporary investigator of Russian philosophy, G.E. Alyaev turned his attention to the "Moscow School of Metaphysics" as a historical and philosophical concept. Agreeing with Frank, G.E. Alyaev names the alleged participants in the school, excluding V.S. Solovyov considering him a "religious thinker." Referring to the material in the journal Problems of Philosophy and Psychology and to the speeches of N.Ya. Grot and V.S. Solovyov, the author shows that the philosophical education of Russian society, and in particular of professional philosophers, was not at a level that allowed for the emergence of the school as a scientometric unit. With the final two decades of the nineteenth century in mind, the author prefers to speak not about the school, but about the direction of the philosophical sympathies of Russian educated society toward either positivism or metaphysics. Within the bounds of the latter, there took place a selection of methodological techniques that allowed Russian thought to move toward a scientific metaphysics. The author mentions V.S. Solovyov, with his final articles, as among those who persistently sought the principles of theoretical philosophy. The author also shows that S.L. Frank, who proposed the concept of the "Moscow Metaphysical School," is far from precise in its application

One of the main goals of the contemporary philosophy of information science and the focus for this article is the classification and systematization of basic approaches on how to define such a richly detailed concept as «information». It is proposed to draw a line between the commonplace understanding of information on the one hand side and the philosophical and general academic approaches to its study on the other. As noted in the article, information was considered from a philosophical standpoint most predominantly in Soviet philosophy. The basic philosophical concepts of information as substantial, attributive, and functional were distinguished and continue to hold meaning today. Mathematics (as a probability/statistical concept) became the basis of the first scientific theories of information that attached special meaning to the quantitative aspects of information and identified the concepts of both information and «the amount of information». Since 1950, research interest has shifted to the study of information's qualitative and axiological aspects, which are expressed in the formation of the semantic and vital theory of information. In the 1980–90s, synergetic concepts of information that synthesized the quantitative and qualitative approaches began to emerge. Currently, information as a category is being actively developed by researchers from the natural, technical, and social sciences, along with those from the humanities, which in turn calls for its philosophical reconceptualization and for the identification of its essential properties.

Purpose: to search the peculiarities of forming of attitude about tolerant
behavior in society.
Methodology: system method, method of the comparative analysis, method of
the etymological analysis, general scientific methods (the analysis and synthesis, an
induction and deduction).
Results: The article is devoted to the phenomenon "tolerance" in the modern
changing society. The urgency of the theme of research is proved, тhe semantic field
problem of the "tolerance" notion is considered, structure of tolerance is investigated,
conditions of forming of tolerant consciousness and behavior in society are
formulated.
Practical implications: The results of investigation can be used in making
studying programs of new generation in intercultural communication for schools,
colleges and universities and are included in course of social philosophy, psychology,
ethics, sociology, intercultural communication, politology.

The following essay analyzes the context in which Vl. Solovyov wrote his philosophical treatise "Justification of the Moral Good". Such an analysis is a necessary condition for a conscientious reconstruction of the treatise's creative history and thus for a proper analysis of the concepts and ideas expressed therein. The aim of this study is a detailed restoration of the intellectual atmosphere in which Solovyov's work was created. Such a project requires a turn to the philosophical activities of less eminent contemporaries of Solovyov, including N.I. Kareev, whose work Solovyov closely followed, responding to him not just critically, but also with a certain amount of sympathy. We also take up here a well-known discussion between the two concerning the philosophy of history and the theory of the historical process. Solovyov's position in this discussion is shown as containing the kernel of a plan embodied in the parts of the "Justification" dealing with social philosophy and philosophy of history. In addition, a textual, conceptual, and comparative analysis of Solovyov's treatise shows that Kareev's scholarly activity was an important factor in the intellectual context in which the plan of the treatise arose, was realized, and corrected. The essay also examines the notes in the text of the Justification that are complementary to N. Kareev (and to N. Mikhailovsky) and that were deleted by the author in preparing the 1899 edition. As we know, this later edition became the basis of all subsequent editions and reprintings. We see that Solovyov was sympathetic and to a certain degree close not only to Kareev's attempts to create an integral philosophical and historical standpoint, but also to his ideas about the high historical vocation of the individual. However, he was also sympathetic to the general pathos of Kareev's theory, which consists in understanding moral activity as a key factor in historical change, taking the historical process as a sphere of the objectification of moral ideals.

Formation of the subject of true in A. Badiou's neosophistical anthropology is investigated. In the concept he shows that only on crossing of three basic fields (design's of philosophies) – the subject, true and event –such space of thought is formed, as philosophy. Only on their crossing patrimonial procedures can be developed: mathema (in a mathematical field of life of thought), a poem (in poetic), the politics (in social) and love (dialogue in love language), - which together initiate philosophy formation. A. Badiou asserts that in a certain situation the subject initiates true formation and further remains fidelity to this event of true.Only those thinkers in the history of philosophy which could compare a number of things and a number of thoughts and to construct corresponding ontology, could resolve the unity and plurality conflict. In such sense ontology acted in classical thinking not only as a science about being, but also as a science about articulation of thoughts. Possibly, therefore that thinkers which it has constructed the ontology of pluralities, was possible to achieve heuristical results in a science and philosophy. Such ontologies (in certain approach) resolved an eternal problem of language on association individual and the general. Following works of M. Heidegger and J. Lakan, A. Badiou transfers the true and being conflict (symbolical and real) to the theory of sets, that is there where there is a necessity to be counted up, the ontological situation of occurrence of set opens.The true in A. Badiou's concepts does not keep in language and in this sense is not called, but it reveals only through patrimonial procedures. However, patrimonial procedures are carried out only in a situation opening a patrimonial subset. This subset is formed in game of patrimonial forces. A. Badiou connects modern thinking with efficiency of patrimonial forces. Bible «in the beginning there was a word» and Greek «logos rules the world» turns at the French thinker in «in the beginning there was a generation», that is system of related relations initiating formation of thought, according to what further a generation develops. The society signs to itself a sentence, where the true disappears. Any social system can not exist in isolated space. ; Исследуется формирование субъекта истины и его подключение к родовым каналам в неософистической антропологии А. Бадью ; Досліджується формування суб'єкта істини та його підключення до родових каналів у неософістичній антропології А. Бадью.

In this atical devoted about the time reason possibly in the future speedy permission for the and future civilization about it resemble development the scientific paradigma of the Russia to-day. The speech no aboute «europecentrist» model or the «western» scheme of the historical process, but the large importance in the character existence append the interaction, mutual understanding and mutual assistance of the etnos, that is base foundation of the generally the mankind. And no only to-day! What does the possibility to decide the basic question of the lifе without the politic measure. The answer on the question can make only the time.

The article, consisting of three thematic blocks, presents an interpretation of the main trends in the evolution of modern scientific and philosophical discussions on general problems of education and educational policy that continue with unabated intensity for the past two decades in Western analytical literature. The priority is given to the analysis of modern theories of education and their interrelations with the ancient tradition, which still affects the modern concepts of democracy and citizenship. The author also explores the various, sometimes diametrically opposed approaches of scientists to the analysis of the phenomenon of globalization and the causes of the crisis of traditional democratic institutions and educational systems. The review also presents critical assessments of the value of diverse studies, in which scholars clearly strive to revive and reinterpret both the classical philosophy of education of the XVIII-XIX centuries and the heritage of the greatest education theorists of the twentieth century.

Проблема формирования постметафизического стиля мышления является одной из центральных в современной философии, оказывая существенное влияние на развитие общего стиля теоретизирования в социально-гуманитарных науках. Ее исследование важно для осознания особенностей концептуального базиса современного философского мировоззрения и оснований науки. Интерес к ней обусловлен тем, что вопросы, вызванные к жизни изменениями в теоретической мысли, находят отражение в культуре, практике и политической жизни современного общества. ; The problem of forming a post-metaphysical style of thinking is one of the central in modern philosophy, exerting a significant inflence on the development of a general style of theorizing in the social and human sciences. Her research is important for understanding the features of the conceptual basis of the modern philosophical worldview and the foundations of science. Interest in it is due to the fact that the issues brought to life by changes in theoretical thought are reflected in the culture, practice and political life of modern society

Проблема формирования постметафизического стиля мышления является одной из центральных в современной философии, оказывая существенное влияние на развитие общего стиля теоретизирования в социально-гуманитарных науках. Ее исследование важно для осознания особенностей концептуального базиса современного философского мировоззрения и оснований науки. Интерес к ней обусловлен тем, что вопросы, вызванные к жизни изменениями в теоретической мысли, находят отражение в культуре, практике и политической жизни современного общества. ; The problem of forming a post-metaphysical style of thinking is one of the central in modern philosophy, exerting a significant influence on the development of a general style of theorizing in the social and human sciences. Her research is important for understanding the features of the conceptual basis of the modern philosophical worldview and the foundations of science. Interest in it is due to the fact that the issues brought to life by changes in theoretical thought are reflected in the culture, practice and political life of modern society.

The thesis is devoted to studying the role of systemic contradictions in social development, the consideration of objective reasons and the conditions of their occurrence, the relationship of systemic contradictions with the processes of formation of social interests, as well as the construction of new theoretical and methodological principles of forecasting, analysis and resolution.