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This Element denaturalises political science, stressing the contestability and contingency of ideas, traditions, subfields, and even the discipline itself. The history of political science is less one of scholars testing and improving theories by reference to data than of their appropriating and transforming ideas, often obscuring or obliterating former meanings, to serve new purposes in shifting political contexts. Political science arose in the late nineteenth century as part of a wider modernism that replaced earlier developmental narratives with more formal explanations. It changed as some scholars yoked together behavioural topics, quantitative techniques, and positivist theory, and as other scholars rejected their doing so. Subfields such as International Relations remained semi-detached and focused on policy as much as theory. Furthermore, the shifting fashions within political science - modernism, behaviouralism, realism, neoliberalism, the new institutionalism - have informed the policies by which governments have tried to tame contingency and govern people.

Cover -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION -- LIST OF 'THINKER' BOXES -- INTRODUCTION -- Periodisation -- The focus of the book -- Western political thinking: A brief overview -- Themes -- PART I THE ENDS OF POLITICS -- 1 POLITICS AND VIRTUE -- Cooperative order in ancient political theory: Protagoras, Democritus, Plato and Aristotle -- Negative and positive conceptions of order in medieval political theory: St Augustine and St Thomas Aquinas -- Order and sovereignty in early modern political theory: Bodin, Grotius and Hobbes -- Cooperation and order in modern political theory: Rousseau, Kant and Green -- Order, authoritarianism and totalitarianism in modern political theory: Carlyle, Maurras, Mussolini and Hitler -- Order without politics: Anarchism and Marxism -- Conclusion -- 2 POLITICS AND VIRTUE -- Politics and virtue in ancient political theory: Plato and Aristotle -- Virtue, politics and Christianity: Aquinas, Machiavelli, Luther, Calvin and Radical Protestantism -- Virtue, perfection and freedom: Kant and the British idealists -- Conclusion -- 3 POLITICS AND FREEDOM -- Freedom and politics in the classical republican tradition: Marsilius, Bartolus and Machiavelli -- Politics and 'natural' liberty: Locke, Paine, J. S. Mill -- Gender and freedom: Olympe de Gouges, Mary Wollstonecraft, William Thompson and Anna Wheeler, and Harriet Taylor -- Black emancipation: Frederick Douglass and W. E. B. Du Bois -- Conclusion -- 4 FREEDOM, POLITICS AND SOCIABILITY -- Freedom, sociability and the state: Rousseau, Hegel and Green -- Social freedom and the critique of state theory: Marx -- Freedom and anarchy: Godwin, Proudhon, Bakunin, Kropotkin, Stirner, Warren and Tucker -- Conclusion -- 5 POLITICS, HAPPINESS AND WELFARE -- Early utilitarianism: Paley, Saint-Pierre, Hume, Helvetius and Beccaria.

Social science is a social activity as well as a method of discovery. The researchers' values and politics colour their work and so do their choices of scientific method. This book is about both - the technical effects of values and the political effects of technique. The author reports what social scientists and historians actually do. He sorts out the scientific from the political content in a wide range of old and new work in history, sociology, political science and economics. The overall work is a detailed political and technical criticism of the 'scientistic' programme which would hav.

Frontmatter -- Foreword -- Contributors -- Contents -- INTRODUCTION: Experimenting: a two-person game between man and nature / Laponce, J. A. -- I. EXPERIMENTS AND POLITICAL THEORY -- The contribution of experiments within the framework of political theory / Deutsch, Karl W. -- II. PRE-DAT A AND POST-DAT A EXPERIMENTS -- International tension as a function of reduced communication / Cappello, Hector M. -- The use of visual space to measure ideology / Laponce, J. A. -- Policy-making in American cities: comparisons in a quasi-longitudinal, quasi-experimental design / Eulau, Heinz -- Experiments in self-government: the Polish case / Wiatr, Jerzy J. -- III. SOCIAL AND PAPER GAMES -- The strategies of negotiation: an American-Japanese comparison / Mushakoji, Kinhide -- Rational behaviour in politics: evidence from a three-person game / Riker, William H. / Zavoina, William James -- Social skills and intercultural communication in politics / Argyle, Michael / Collett, Peter -- IV. COMPUTER SIMULATIONS -- From causal modelling to artificial intelligence: the evolution of a UN peace-making simulation / Alker, Hayward R. / Christenen, Cheryl -- Political coalitions and political behaviour: a simulation model / Cornblit, Oscar -- An event-based simulation of the Taiwan Straits crises / Pelowski, Allan L. -- Markov processes in international crises: an analytical addendum to an event-based simulation of the Taiwan Straits crises / Leavitt, Michael R. -- V. MAN AND MAN/ COMPUTER SIMULATIONS -- Image and reality in simulated international systems / Ruge, Mari Holmboe -- International processes simulation: a description / Smoker, Paul -- VI. EXPERIMENTATION, SIMULATION, AND SOCIAL CHANGE -- A planned change in organizational style: underlying theory and some results / Golembiewski, Robert T. -- Methodology for social planning: simulation and experimentation processes for participatory social development / Vertinsky, Ilan -- VII. SUBJECTS AND RESEARCHERS: RIGHTS AND DUTIES -- Ethical considerations and research procedures / Lanphier, C . Michael -- Index

Frontmatter -- CONTENTS -- List of Illustrations -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- CHAPTER ONE The American School -- CHAPTER TWO The British School -- CHAPTER THREE A Really Big Question -- CHAPTER FOUR The Control Gap -- CHAPTER FIVE The Mystery of the State -- CHAPTER SIX What Have We Learned? -- CHAPTER SEVEN New Bridges? -- References -- Index

Oakeshott's memorable lectures on the history of political thought, delivered each year at the London School of Economics, will now be available in print for the first time as Volume II of his Selected Writings. Based on manuscripts in the LSE archive for 1966-67, the last year of Oakeshott's tenure as Professor of Political Science, these thirty lectures deal with Greek, Roman, mediaeval, and modern European political thought in a uniquely accessible manner. Scholars familiar with Oakeshott...

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Preface -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Context of Canadian Political Thought -- Part 1. Defining a nation -- 3. The Colonial Legacy -- 4. The Challenge of Neighbourliness: The United States -- Part 2. Social justice -- 5. Understanding the Culture of Social Justice -- 6. Radical Political Thought -- Part 3. Culture and accommodation -- 7. French-Canadian Nationalism -- 8. Minority Rights and Multiculturalism: Two Narratives -- 9. In History and in Myth -- Bibliography -- Index

This interdisciplinary volume explores the relationship between history and a range of disciplines in the humanities and social sciences: economics, political science, political theory, international relations, sociology, philosophy, law, literature and anthropology. The relevance of historical approaches within these disciplines has shifted over the centuries. Many of them, like law and economics, originally depended on self-consciously historical procedures. These included the marshalling of evidence from past experience, philological techniques and source criticism. Between the late nineteenth and the middle of the twentieth century, the influence of new methods of research, many indebted to models favoured by the natural sciences, such as statistical, analytical or empirical approaches, secured an expanding intellectual authority while the hegemony of historical methods declined in relative terms. In the aftermath of this change, the essays collected in History in the Humanities and Social Sciences reflect from a variety of angles on the relevance of historical concerns to representative disciplines as they are configured today

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1: Introduction: History and Politics of Big Science in Europe -- Bibliography -- Chapter 2: What Kind of Europe for European Big Science? -- 2.1 The Other Europe -- 2.1.1 Technology -- 2.1.2 Spatiality -- 2.1.3 Politics -- 2.2 What Role for the European Economic Union (EEC) and the European Union (EU)? -- Bibliography -- Chapter 3: History and Science of Research with Synchrotron Radiation -- Bibliography -- Chapter 4: Founding the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 1977-1988 -- 4.1 Origins of the ESRF -- 4.2 Intergovernmental Arrangements -- 4.3 Putting the ESRF in Place -- 4.4 The Role of France and Germany -- 4.4.1 "Embedded Bilateralism" -- 4.4.2 National Agendas in France and Germany -- 4.5 Towards a Convention for the ESRF -- 4.6 Concluding Discussion -- Bibliography -- ESRF Archive, Grenoble, France -- Archives Nationales de France, Paris, France -- Bundesarchiv, Koblenz, Germany -- Legal/Governmental Documents -- Literature -- Chapter 5: Establishing the European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser (European XFEL), 1992-2009 -- 5.1 The Transformation of DESY -- 5.2 The TESLA Proposal for a Linear Collider -- 5.3 From the Free-Electron Laser at the TESLA Test Facility to FLASH -- 5.4 Political Commitment to the European XFEL -- 5.5 Foreign Partners and In-Kind Contributions -- 5.6 The Role of Russia -- 5.6.1 German-Russian Collaborations in Science -- 5.6.2 Nanotechnology, Big Politics and the European XFEL -- 5.7 Towards a Convention -- 5.8 Concluding Discussion -- Bibliography -- Bundesarchiv, Koblenz, Germany -- DESY Archive, Hamburg, Germany (Chronological Order) -- Legal/Governmental Documents (Chronological Order) -- References -- Miscellaneous -- Chapter 6: The Other Europe of Big Science: Historical Dynamics and Contemporary Tendencies.

"This book shows how a multidisciplinary approach combining conceptual and methodological tools from political history and political science can help to develop a deeper understanding of contemporary political phenomena including democracy, populism, war, and forced migrations, among others. Throughout the eleven chapters, the volume brings together senior academics and early-career scholars to explore this innovative approach through a broad range of case studies which are not specific to any particular nation but are characteristic of contemporaneity worldwide. Both the international character and the interdisciplinary appeal of this book are reinforced by the fact that the editors and contributors come from different countries and diverse academic traditions. This book is aimed at scholars, researchers and postgraduate students interested in interdisciplinary approaches and working on politics and global phenomena in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries"--