THE AUTHOR REVIEWS SCHOLARSHIP REGARDING THE CONTINUING DEBATE OF THE PARTY-IN-DECLINE VERSUS THE PARTY-RESURGENT-SCHOOL OF THOUGHT ON THE STATUS OF AMERICAN POLITICAL PARTIES.
This article is devoted to the history of the Department of Political Science and Sociology of Political Processes of the Faculty of Sociology at Lomonosov Moscow State University. The stages of the organization and formation of the Department, the processes of teaching formation and methodological activities, which have occurred over the thirty-year history of the Faculty of Sociology, are considered, and the priority areas of the professors research works are outlined.
AbstractFor more than four decades the analysis of party organizations in the European democracies has been completely separated from analyses of American party structures. The first part of this article examines how and why such a separation was to emerge in the aftermath of Duverger's and Epstein's path-breaking original work. It then goes on to outline how an analytic framework might be developed so that more wide-ranging comparative studies of party organizations in democratic regimes can be undertaken in future. Only with such research can the limitations of 'exceptionalist' and 'regionalist' explanations of party structure development and change be overcome.
Актуальность темы исследования в настоящее время определяется тем фактом, что электронное пространство, по большей части, является повторением реальной политики, что свидетельствует о том, что интернет-технологии глубоко укоренились в политической жизни общества. Целью данной работы было выяснение особенностей информационных технологий (ИТ) и их места в современном политическом процессе на примере Казахстана. Доказано, что Интернет является жизненно важной частью любого общества, особенно демократического, где он выполняет функции социальных, экономических и политических институтов. В этой статье приводится обоснование важности информационных технологий в политической жизни общества. Особое внимание уделяется усилению их влияния при принятии важных политических решений. В данном исследовании также приведены примеры использования информационных технологий в современных политических процессах. Детальный анализ теоретических концепций, их интерпретация применительно к Казахстану, детальное изучение моделей медиаполитики открывает возможности и перспективы для новых научных исследований процессов трансформации и модернизации информационных технологий в политическом процессе.
Die polnischen Parlamentswahlen vom September 1993 brachten eine Konsolidierung der Demokratie in Polen mit sich. Wenn auch die Regierung der Solidarnosc-Parteien ihre Mehrheit verlor und postkommunistische Kräfte an die Macht kamen, so muß dies vor allem als Ausdruck gemäßigter Opposition und des Wunsches nach einem Kapitalismus mit menschlichem Antlitz verstanden werden. Extremistische Kräfte erzielten nur unbedeutende Resultate. Die Konsolidierung der politischen Parteien hat die extreme Fragmentierung des polnischen Parlaments beendet. Aufgabe der großen politischen Parteien ist es nun, nicht parlamentarisch repräsentierte politische Optionen zu absorbieren und so in das politische System zu integrieren. (BIOst-Wpt)
Using ADA roll call voting scores for the 1947-2006 period, I find that senators shirk in their last term. The degree of shirking is limited by political parties, which constrain the politician in his last term, and varies by post-Senate career choices. The results highlight the importance of political parties in the repeated game that is electoral politics. Adapted from the source document.
PROFESSOR LAZARSFELD ONCE REFERRED TO SOCIOLOGY AS BEING IN A sense a residuary legatee, the surviving part of a very general study, out of which specializations have successively been shaped.The same might be said of political science. In the West the first deliberate and reflective studies of political life were made in Greece at the end of the th century BC, and in the succeeding century. The histories of Herodotus and Thucydides, some of the pamphlets attributed to Xenophon, above all the normative and empirical studies of Plato and Aristotle were among the direct ancestors of contemporary political science. Parallel examples are to be found in the intellectual history of China, India and Islam. It seems that at certain stages in the development of great societies questions of legitimacy, power and leadership assume supreme importance; and intense intellectual effort, using the best analytical tools available, is devoted to the study of man as brought to a focus in the study of politics.
Pressure groups play a powerful role in Britain. They seek to influence the distribution of burdens & benefits of public spending concentrated in the hands of gov. Pol'al parties only select, organize & sustain a team of parliamentarians between whom the electorate may freely choose teams of potential rulers. Owing to the peculiarities of the electoral system, a ruling party may be supported by less than 50% of the votes cast. These electoral anomalies are corrected by the formation of pressure groups. These are institutions providing aggregation, articulation & transmission of group demands. They can be classified into sectional, promotional, & all other groups. Some pressure groups act through pol'al & parties; more often they avoid pol'al affiliations. The power of pressure groups over gov's decreases with an increase in the gov's parliamentary majority. The absence of organized pressure groups may present a serious problem. Some interests may remain for ever unrepresented, & in these situations the PO poll has a legitimate & important role to play. IPSA.
In: European political science: EPS ; serving the political science community ; a journal of the European Consortium for Political Research, Band 7, Heft 3, S. 382-393
CRITICS OF RESPONSIBLE POLITICAL PARTIES OFTEN POINT TO THE SORRY EXPERIENCE OF POLICYMAKING BY THE NATIONAL PARTIES, BUT THESE CRITICISMS ARE BASED UPON RATHER LIMITED EXAMINATIONS OF ACTUAL POLICYMAKING EFFORTS BY THE PARTIES. A MORE CAREFUL REVIEW OF THE POLICYMAKING EFFORTS OF THE DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL COMMITTEE FROM 1956 TO 1960 AND OF THE REPUBLICAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE FORM 1976 TO 1980 SHOWS THAT THEY WERE MORE SUCCESSFUL THAN IS USUALLY THOUGHT. THESE PAST SUCCESSES SUGGEST THE POTENTIAL FOR CURRENT AND FUTURE PARTY LEADERS TO INFLUENCE PUBLIC POLICY.