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This political science reference highlights the most important topics, issues, questions and debates any student obtaining a degree in this field need to master for effectiveness in the 21st century. The topics covered include public opinion, political parties and elections, political communication, and political economy

ABSTRACT
Transparency of research is a large concern in political science, and the practice of publishing links to datasets and other online resources is one of the main methods by which political scientists promote transparency. But the method cannot work if the links don't, and very often, they don't. We show that most of the URLs ever published in the American Political Science Review no longer work as intended. The problem is severe in recent as well as in older articles; for example, more than one-fourth of links published in the APSR in 2013 were broken by the end of 2014. We conclude that "reference rot" limits the transparency and reproducibility of political science research. We also describe practices that scholars can adopt to combat the problem: when possible, they should archive data in trustworthy repositories, use links that incorporate persistent digital identifiers, and create archival versions of the webpages to which they link.

The academic labor market i1s a fact of life for all present and prospective academicians. Like some other important facts of academic life, it has remained largely unexamined. This article is an analysts of the academic labor market. While there are specific references to political science, they serve to illustrate the operations of the market in general. A reliable sociology orf knowledge is still in an embryonic stage of development. Even a sociology of the knowledgeable remains to be realized.1 American political scientists, many of whom are ahistorical, have devoted little attention to the history and sociology of political science as an academic discipline. As the authoTs of a pioneering work on the discipline noted, "most American political scientists are largely unfamiliar with the origins and early evolution of their discipline."2 To the extent that political scientists lack disciplinary self-consciousness, political science as an academic discipline remains underdeveloped.

This review of research literature on the language practices associated with the production and circulation of scientific knowledge documents four discourse-ideological processes: data/theory enregisterment, objectification, visualization, and entextualization. I argue that these processes cause the stabilization of scientific reference by imposing a conventionalist language ideology that opposes language and the objective reality of the world that it references.

Contents are grouped under the headings: General approaches; Specific problem areas.

In Environmental Health and Science Desk Reference, authors Frank R. Spellman and Revonna M. Bieber define and explain the terms and concepts used by environmental professionals, environmental science professionals, safety practitioners and engineers, and non-science professionals. This is an essential reference for anyone working in environmental health, environmental science, and related fields