Suchergebnisse

A review essay on books by (1) John Paul Lederach, Building Peace: Sustainable Reconciliation in Divided Societies (Washington, DC: USIP, 1997); (2) Ho-Won Jeong (Ed), Conflict Resolution Dynamics, Process and Structure (Aldershot & Brookfield: Ashgate, 1999); (3) Hakan Wiberg & Christian P. Scherrer (Eds), Ethnicity and Intra-State Conflict: Types, Causes and Peace Strategies (Aldershot & Brookfield: Ashgate, 1999); & (4) Johan Galtung & Carl G. Jacobsen, Searching for Peace: The Road to TRANSCEND (London: Pluto, 2000). These books demonstrate the current status of peace & conflict studies. Differences are pointed out between the philosophically oriented Nordic school of peace research & the empirically based North American approach. Lederach, a leader of the North American School, emphasizes inclusive peace-building involving conflict analysis at all levels, ideally before violent conflict erupts. However, he fails to sufficiently explore some difficult aspects of conflict resolution, such as how grass roots endeavors can be incorporated into wider peacemaking efforts. The volume edited by Jeong offers additional insights into the North American school's thinking & attempts to manage conflict by embracing diversity. The book edited by Wiberg & Scherrer provides an excellent overview of theoretical perspectives within the Nordic school, in spite of a flat prose style & limited case studies. The easy-to-read text edited by Galtung & Jacobsen, which promotes the new philosophical approach to peacemaking known as TRANSCEND, will interest lay people but is of limited relevance to more advanced academicians. J. Lindroth

This book represents the scholarly work of the network "European Doctorate Enhancement in Peace and Conflict Studies" (EDEN), a broad training and research network linking scholars, departments and universities interested in thinking and rethinking proposals, concepts and methodologies for the expanding field of Peace and Conflict Studies from different disciplines such as law, history, sociology, anthropology, international relations, and political science. ; Peer reviewed

Advances in science and technology, including information technology (IT), play a crucial role in the context of peace and security. However, research on the intersection of peace and conflict research as well as computer science is not well established yet. This article highlights the need for further work in the area of research "IT peace research", which includes both empirical research on the role of IT in peace and security, as well as technical research to design technologies and applications. Based on the elaboration of the disciplines, central challenges, such as insecurity, actors, attribution and laws, are outlined.

1. SUBMARINE INCURSIONS IN OCTOBER 1982 FOREIGN SUBMARINES PENETRATED THE WATERS OF THE SWEDISH NAVAL BASE AT MUSKO IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF THE STOCKHOLM ARCHIPELAGO. IN THE FOLLOWING ANTI-SUBMARINE WARFARE (ASW) OPERATIONS, THE SWEDISH NAVY FOR THE FIRST TIME TRIED TO TRAP A SUBMARINE AND FORCE IT TO THE SURFACE. THE INCIDENT, KNOWN AS THE HARSFJARDEN INCIDENT, ENDED WITH THE FAILURE OF THE SWEDISH NAVY TO PREVENT THE SUBMARINE OR SUBMARINES FROM ESCAPING. THE HARSFJARDEN INCIDENT WAS NO SINGLE OCCURRENCE. AFTER THE STRANDING OF THE SOVIET SUBMARINE U-137 NEAR THE KARLSKRONA NAVAL BASE IN OCTOBER 1981, SWEDEN EXPERIENCED A SHARP INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF DETECTED SUBMARINE INCIDENTS.1 TO SOME EXTENT THIS INCREASE COULD PROBABLY BE EXPLAINED AS A CONSEQUENCE OF IMPROVED SURVEILLANCE, BUT THERE WAS ALSO AN IMPORTANT CHANGE IN THE NATURE OF THE INCURSIONS. WHEREAS PREVIOUSLY SUBMARINES HAD LEFT SWEDISH WATERS UPON WARNING, THIS TIME THE INTRUDERS OPERATING SEVERAL TOGETHER, DID NOT LEAVE BUT RESORTED TO EVASIVE ACTION. ALSO THE SUBMARINES APPEARED IN SUCH AREAS AND DURING SUCH CIRCUMSTANCES THAT THEY COULD EVEN BE SUSPECTED OF HAVING THE DELIBERATE INTENTION TO BE DETECTED AND HUNTED.

'REGRETTABLY, THE ARMS CONTROL AGREEMENTS HITERTO REACHED HAVE NOT HALTED THE ARMS RACE OR REDUCED THE MILITARY POTENTIAL OF STATES. IN MANY CASES, THE WEAPONS PROHIBITED HAVE HAD LITTLE, IF ANY, MILITARY IMPORTANCE, AND THE OUTLAWED ACTIVITIES HAVE NEVER BEEN SERIOUSLY CONTEMPLATED AS METHODS OF WAR. NEGOTIATIONS ON MEASURES WHICH COULD MAKE A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON THE ARMS SITUATION IN THE WORLD HAVE STAGNATED FOR YEARS. THUS, DURING THE PAST DECADE, VERY LITTLE HAS BEEN DONE IN THE FIELD OF NUCLEAR ARMS CONTROL, EVEN THOUGH THE REMOVAL OF THE THREAT OF NUCLEAR WAR IS GENERALLY CONSIDERED TO BE THE MOST URGENT TASK OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY.' SIPRI, AGREEMENTS FOR ARMS CONTROL: A CRITICAL SURVEY, 1982, P. 355. 1. DISARMAMENT NEGOTIATIONS - A DREAM THAT CAME FALSE EVERYONE CONCERNED WITH INTERNATIONAL SECURITY PROBLEMS KNOWS IT - DISARMAMENT AND ARMS CONTROL NEGOTIATIONS HAVE NOT HALTED THE ARMS RACE. IN A FEW CASES, NEGOTIATIONS AND AGREEMENTS MAY HAVE SLOWED DOWN THE RATE OF ARMAMENT, WHILE IN MANY MORE CASES THEY HAVE SIMPLY CONTRIBUTED TO QUALITATIVE BUILD-UPS IN WAYS BENEFICIAL TO THE NEGOTIATING PARTIES BUT HARDLY TO THE REST OF THE WORLD. AT THE SAME TIME, DISARMEMENT NEGOTIATIONS AND HOPED-FOR AGREEMENTS ARE CHARACTERIZED AS 'THE HOPE OF SURVIVAL OF MANKIND'. AND THE ONLY ONE, IT SHOULD BE ADDED. NEGOTIATIONS ARE SUPPOSED TO LEAD TO THE OVERALL GOAL OF GENERAL AND COMPLETE DISARMAMENT SUPPORTED, IN PRINCIPLE AT LEAST, BY VIRTUALLY ALL GOVERNMENTS OF THE WORLPY: 1983

People with disabilities are the largest minority in the world—a minority that continues to experience direct, structural, and cultural violence during times of peace, as well as times of conflict and displacement. Contributing a unique perspective to the field, this analysis draws on academic and anecdotal evidence from a variety of fields and disciplines, together with the author's interviews with Colombian and Venezuelan refugees and asylum seekers with disabilities, to demonstrate the value of subjugated knowledge within Peace and Conflict Studies. These findings form the case for inclusive and accessible positive peacebuilding, and support the author's call to action for other researchers and practitioners to ensure their own Peace and Conflict Studies endeavors are inclusive of, and accessible to, diverse and marginalized populations.