Suchergebnisse

The article provides reflexive analysis of the key factors of the cessation of armed conflict in the East of Ukraine and the return of the temporarily occupied regions of Donetsk to Lugansk oblasts under the authority and jurisdiction of our sovereign state.
As the oldest works on war and peace (Sun Tzu) are known, the longer the armed struggle is, the more difficult it ends with a just world, therefore, a wide range of approaches are usually proposed for resolving the armed conflict in the Donbass: from a compromise with the aggressor to victorious plans and strategies for a military solution to the liberation of captured territories. In the pre-election period, Ukrainian political parties, without theoretical justification, propose such populist approaches to solving difficult military-political problems. Our approach is based on the identification of the causes and consequences of the occupation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the ORD and LO, the importance of adhering to the principles of international law, humanism and progress in the conduct of state policy, recognition of the factors of the key - activity factor of the peacemaking of multinational forces whose phenomenon is not explicated, theoretically unclear as to the peculiarities of the socio-political and humanitarian situation in the Donbass. Peacekeeping as a relatively new international legal and humanitarian phenomenon is attributed to the peaceful measures of the world community, which, according to the UN Charter, is taking "other measures" for the restoration of peace and the prevention of humanitarian catastrophes. His controversial nature follows from the fact that, on the one hand, the United Nations does not interpret its Statute, as "the right to intervene in cases that are essentially within the competence of any state, and on the other hand, it must take all measures for the establishment and preservation of peace.
He peculiarity of the use of multinational peacekeeping forces in the East of Ukraine is its work on the basis of the UN Charter, the synthesis of humanitarian, political, social missions, military and civilian control over the humanitarian situation, which could lead to disaster.

The territorial integrity of Ukraine and peace on its lands, preservation of state sovereignty are the main tasks of the Ukrainian government, society, and all Ukrainians. As for as today the real threats from the Russian Federation remain, the Kremlin's aggressive policy in the hybrid war against our state is aimed at returning Ukraine to the sphere of Russia's influence. For doing this the Russian Federation is using methods that destabilize the internal situation in Ukraine, first of all, it depletes the Ukrainian economy, uses a powerful propaganda arsenal to distort Ukrainian national values and national culture, and misleads the allies of the Ukrainian state. A large-scale propaganda campaign against our country in certain areas of the Ukrainian state made it possible to perceive events in Ukraine through the prism of the views of politicians, scientists and artists of the Russian Federation. In such a situation, it is possible to confront Russian aggression only by using a complex of military, political, economic, informational and socio-humanitarian actions. In these conditions, culture and art are becoming an important means of solving complex social conflicts. Modern technological development has created a wide field for cultural and artistic influences, which has the opportunity to play a stabilizing role in the state. The through the influence on social consciousness can achieve important results in creating of certain ideas, values, spiritual needs as well as stereotypes and patriotic ideals. Such special way of influence on social conscious is art. The art represents significant and value dimension of the national being of the Ukrainians, gives a vision of historical being of the Ukrainian national, reflects spiritual links between a personality and the national, spiritual unity and succession of generation; both imaginative-symbolic and significant attributes of the national values and ideals are characteristic of it. Therefore, the question of restoration of peace, consolidation of Ukrainians, de-occupation of Ukrainian territories is considered in the context of conducting various cultural state measures, in particular artistic ones. That is why such purposeful usage of art in modern conditions the can be a powerful factor of consolidation of Ukrainians.

The article analyzes certain factors (external and internal) that affect the preservation of the national and cultural identity of Ukrainians living outside Ukraine. The key internal factor is national self-identification. Among the external factors are the following: ideological factor, value security, the religious factor, the factor of historical bias in foreign and Ukrainian media, the factor of manipulation of consciousness, the factor of aesthetic and value orientation, and others.
The need for more resolute opposition to the political and ideological influences of Russia, which invaded the territory of Ukraine and unleashed a hybrid war with its people, is highlighted. The authors of the article pay attention to the problems of the ontology of war and peace in the context of Ukraine"s experience in counteracting the Russian-Ukrainian war, which became a long-term factor of destructive influences on Ukrainian socio-economic, political, cultural, educational, and scientific activities.
Attention is drawn to the fact that the aggressive actions of the Russian Federation cause devastating consequences not only for Ukraine but also for the system of world order and international security, the main factor destabilizing the security environment in the regional environment of Ukraine.
In the article, the ways of preserving the national and cultural identity of the Ukrainian diaspora are revealed through strategic and security paradigms, with the inclusion of multilevel interaction of cognitive meanings. Particular attention is paid to the role of national-cultural identity and analysis of the cognitive dimension in hybrid conflicts.

The article researches ideological principles of conflict regulation, in particular, the conflict in Eastern Ukraine in the context of forming of national-state ideology. This indicates theoretical and practical interest to a certain topic, which gets new sense and sound at each stage of national and state existence. It has been found out that political strategies should enable planning and forecasting political processes, minimize political bias, and meet reform projects. It is noted that the main vector of socio-cultural transformations had been proclaimed to be the posttotalitarian, post-colonial vector that a priori should permanently protect the state from the disadvantages and tragedies of the previous political era. Philosophical reflection is aimed at understanding of one of the most important components of national-state ideologies – a national idea. At present, there is no single national-state ideology in Ukraine, since new forms of understanding of social reality are in the process of formation. Obviously, it will be formed in the context of political forces' struggle and compromising. The crisis of unity in Ukrainian society is interpreted as a factor that does not contribute to the formation and implementation of a rational political strategy of the state. It is concluded that European spirit of Ukraine and national self-esteem should be formed on state level in internal and foreign politics, on theoretical level in the programs of state reforms, in the concepts and programs of education and upbringing, on daily life level in ideological regulations of interpersonal communication rules. It is concluded that there are the following steps towards peace, first, the cessation of hostilities and pressure, second, the establishment of dialogue, and third, the search for a solution to the contradictions through negotiations.

Art has always been a part of every day life. People can get values and ideas trough art and it's in a way that people enjoy. There are a lot of visual art representing sorrow and sadness regarding to an actual conflict. Not only to make people understand, this art also can be a way of seeking help, to truly understand the condition of people and what is the conflict about. It is well known that in the modern world art is actively used for the purpose of relaxation, rehabilitation and reduction of emotional tension in conflict situations. The importance of art as a specific tool of influence, which helps in resolving complex conflicts in society and contributes to peacekeeping, is analyzed. It is stated that the present day Russian-Ukrainian armed confrontation significantly intensifies the processes of conflict of different spheres of public life of Ukrainian citizens. It is suggested to use art therapy as an effective method of solving various conflict situations, in particular, in the current conditions of armed conflict in Ukraine. As art therapy has proven itself to be an effective method of exiting a person from a morbid condition, now in Ukraine, in order to deconflictization of society, it is necessary to use art therapy in the psychological rehabilitation of warriors and internally displaced persons. Art therapy was formed as a specific activity that includes art, psychology and psychotherapy. Art therapy can deprive a person of negative feelings, encourage him and help build new life patterns. That is why the issues of deconflictization of the society and restoration of peace in Ukraine are considered in the context of holding various cultural state events, in particular artistic ones. It is also important that modern technological development has created wide-ranging opportunities for art as a stabilizing factor in the state.

The article is devoted to the social philosophical comprehension of problem of sharpening conflicts in modern Ukrainian social live, exposure of world view and methodological principles of research of these processes, their origin, decision and decline of level of conflict opposition in society on the basis forming of civil culture and tolerance. Historical and philosophical digression in the process of research and explications of maintenance of conflict shows, that by terms «discord», agonic, «line», and sometimes «war» characterize a fight for principles of opposite social positions. Scientific discourse of conflict evolved from understanding of this phenomenon of fight on almost space scale to the theory of conflict as positively functional the social-group phenomenon. The classic theories of elites, which grew on soil of sociology of society, marked opposition of the states of stability and conflict, while the synthetic meta theory of conflict, which we consider methodological basis of our analysis, goes out from a reconstruction the conflicts of necessary dynamics of the transitional states: war – truce – conflict. Such approach allows adequately estimating prolongations of high level of conflict the different spheres of Ukrainian sociality. It especially touches the conflict of different socio-political and civil cultures of East to the West of country, conflicts of the not «guided emotions» and conflicts of social institutes: the states with the structures of active civil society. Finding of general interest in relation to a maintenance and steady development of the Ukrainian state, increase of level of civil culture of peaceful cohabitation of different ethnic and national associations and their cultures, tolerant attitude toward the moments of distinction and non-coincidence of the valued orientations is the most reliable way of keeping the internal peace in the conditions of stuck us «hybrid» war.

It has been shown that in recent years in Ukraine the pressure of religious organizations on the legislative and executive authorities has increased and information campaigns and projects of anti-gender and anti-Ukrainian trends have been implemented. The author analyzed how in the regions staying under Russian informational pressure the religious fundamentalism shows the potential of development develop into religious extremism. It has been demonstrated that in Ukraine the gender aspects of security are not well-developed and are heavily influenced by religion. It has been shown that the lack of high-quality gender analytics significantly complicates the forecasting of social processes. The article deals with the question how religious fundamentalism manipulates women's security issues in favor of religious interests. It is noted that the pressure of pro-religious anti-gender movements on the authorities in Ukraine can lead to negative consequences, and that the establishment of a state policy based on religious perceptions of the world can threaten the country's internal security. It was concluded that in times of conflict, religious extremism does not recognize the rule of human rights and proclaims the primacy of religious customs over women's human rights. It is proved that, considering direct conflict with Russia, the spread of religious fundamentalism in Ukraine and the spread of structural gender violence will be relevant and require the immediate development of gender and biopolitical aspects of security. It was concluded that for the progressive democratic development of Ukraine, as well as safe living conditions and the well-being of its citizens, the security services should turn to gender analytics. It has been proven that, in order to protect their interests, religious leaders can initiate a departure from state-guaranteed compliance with international agreements on gender equality in all spheres of life. In this regard, Ukraine's implementation of United Nations Security Council Resolution No. 1325 on Women, Peace, Security and the similar resolutions as well as Recommendations of the UN Committee on the Status of Women for Countries that have ratified the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, other UN instruments is important for Ukraine. Also important are the country's European commitments in the field of gender equality. In particular, the Council of Europe Convention on the Prevention and Combating of Violence against Women and Domestic Violence (Istanbul Convention) needs to be ratified.

The topicality of this issue is related to the fact that the EU is founded on a set of values, including equality. Nowadays the attitude towards women in the society is significantly different from that of men. Unfortunately, inequality does not decline over time. The basic idea of gender equality is to provide both women and men with the same rights, opportunities and conditions for full-fledged development. The article is devoted to the dimensions of the principle of gender equality in the European Union, which is important for Ukraine due to the conditions of European integration. The dimensions of gender equality cover the political, economic, civil, social and cultural spheres of our live activity, including achieving gender equality in employment, equal pay for equal work, gender balance in decision making, harmonization of professional and family life, education and «gender mainstreaming».

That is why research and analysis of gender equality's dimensions in the EU and defining the legal aspects of their regulation are relevant to the legal system of Ukraine. Over the past few decades, the EU has notably worked for equal treatment legislation, gender mainstreaming and specific measures for the advancement of women. Moreover, the EU has defined the following dimensions of gender equality: equal economic independence for women and men; equal pay for work of equal value; equality in decision-making; dignity, integrity and ending gender-based violence; and promoting gender equality beyond the EU.

The dimension of gender equality is a strategy for making women's as well as men's concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmes in all political, economic and social spheres, so that women and men benefit equally and the inequality is not perpetuated. Although the EU has achieved positive results in protecting human rights, the work is still continuing in this direction. The idea of gender equality is an integral part of equality as a general principle, development and peace in the world. Without this principle, it is impossible to establish

the basis for democracy, freedom, justice and tolerance. Recently, the principle of gender equality is getting paramount importance for Ukraine, as one of the conditions for successful European integration.

The article aims to analyse the peculiarities of implementation of the Reichstags' and Emperor' acts which concern the legal relations of the Utraquism, Lutheran and Calvinism proceeding. These are the Act of the Diet of Worms 1521, the Act of the Diet of Speyer 1526, the Act of the Diet of Speyer 1529, the Speyer Protest Act 1529, the Act of the Diet of Augsburg 1530, the Religious Peace Treaty of Nuremberg 1532, the Acts of the Diets of Speyer 1542 and 1544, the Treaty of Passau 1552, the Treaty of Augsburg 1555 with the Declaratio Fernandea, the Prague Compactata 1436 signed by the Emperor Sigismund, Charles V Habsburg recess 1530, interim of Augsburg and Leipzig 1548 signed by Charles V.

The article evaluates the depth of the whole-empire legislation practical implementation through the review of public-legal and private-legal freedom of faith phenomena which took place on the territories of the Imperial subjects practising different faith during the Reformation and the Counterreformation arousal. The historical, dialectical, comparative, formal, teleological methods as well as the methods of analysis and synthesis are applied to analyse historical events, legal mentalities peculiarities, definite legal causes, local legislation acts authorised by princes, magistrates, burgomasters.

Based on the abovementioned, the author comes to certain conclusions. The contradictory nature of the central empire legislation on about the new confession and the legal status of its believers led to the spreading of the legal nihilism on the imperial subjects' territories. This nihilism strengthened the centrifugal processes in the Holy Roman Empire creating the threat to the state unity and integrity.

Despite their victory in Shmalkalden war, the emperor and the catholic lobby realized the real scope of public and private regulation of the freedom of faith legal institute, taking place on the territories of the Empire's subjects.

Their concessions they made resulted in the creation of a paradoxical social-legal and state-political dichotomy. On the one hand, granting the freedom of faith empowered local governments and increased decentralization of the Holy Roman Empire, and on the other hand it contributed to its unity and stopped the splitting processes. It has practically proved that personal concessions on common interests could hold the Empire solid.

The article provides a comparative review of the history, current status and areas of scientific activity of the Sociological Association of Ukraine (SAU), its creative ties with the European and world sociological community, in particular, joint research with Polish scientists. It emphasizes that most of the Ukrainian sociologists SAU members work in universities, the Institute of Sociology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, and public opinion research centers. Numerous sociological (theoretical and empirical) studies on various issues of vital activity of modern Ukrainian society are carried out by their efforts. It is noted that in addition to studying the issues of social transformation in its political, economic, legal, social and cultural aspects, that have become traditional for Ukrainian sociology, in recent years Ukrainian sociologists have turned to the analysis of such problems as external and internal migration (the problem of internally displaced persons); military conflict in the east of Ukraine and the volunteer movement; social inequality, including in its new manifestations, including those caused by the digitalization of public life. It is emphasized that today the most pressing issue of sociological reflection is the changes that occur in Ukraine after the last presidential election. Attention is focused on the fact that the victory of the political rookie in these elections was due to the huge social disappointments of the Ukrainians, since their expectations provoked by the Revolution of Dignity were not fulfilled. The first and most important disappointment, according to sociological studies, is the fact that peace has not reigned in the country. Second, the living standards of Ukrainian citizens have not improved. Third, the fight against corruption did not bring significant results. Fourth, social inequality deepened: the rich became richer, and the poor became poorer. The fifth disappointment is the inefficiency of the declared reforms: judicial, medical, educational, customs, electoral, etc. It is emphasized that the effectiveness of the new government depends, among other things, on its consideration of such features of the mass consciousness of the Ukrainian population as a critical level of distrust of all institutions of power; value and ideological ambivalence and uncertainty. The conclusions are formulated about the unlikeliness of return of Ukraine to the orbit of Russian political and economic influence, as well as the victory of radical nationalist ideology in our country.

The article presents the results of a study of scientific, educational and ascetic activities of one of the brightest representatives of the modern Ukrainian diaspora in Russia - Tetiana Lebedynska, a daughter of Ukrainian writer Mykola Shpak. T.M. Lebedynska is PhD in Philosophy, translator, writer, member of the Ukrainian Union of Writers, author of exhibitions dedicated to Ukrainian St. Petersburg, holder of the Order of Princess Olga III degree.
The multifaceted scientific and educational activity of Tetiana Mykolajivna is considered. It is emphasized that she initiated and organized the International Scientific Seminar «St. Petersburg – Ukraine», which resulted in the publication of twenty collections of articles from 2000 to 2020. T.M. Lebedynska is the author of more than 200 scientific works, including unique publications: «Shevchenko's places of St. Petersburg», «St. Petersburg and Ukraine», «M.P. Hrebinka - town-planning of St. Petersburg», «Ukrainian necropolis of St. Petersburg», «I. Mazepa - Commander of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called», dictionary»Outstanding figures of science and culture of Russia who came from Ukraine», etc.. T.M. Lebedynska was published in Western Europe, the United States, and Arab countries.
It is noted that the heroine of our intelligence pays most attention to the study of the life and work of the Great Kobzar, who had many life events in St. Petersburg: here he studied and worked, gained freedom and communicated with many prominent cultural figures, wrote poems and paintings and became an academician of arts. It was Tetiana Mykolajivna who was one of the initiators of the installation in St. Petersburg of the monument to Taras Shevchenko by Canadian sculptor Leo Mol (Leonid Molodozhanin), she collected signatures against the relocation of the site from the city center near the university to the outskirts, also she initiated and participated in the installation of a memorial to Kobzar at the Smolensk cemetery. Among other things Tetiana Lebedynska"s ascetic activity is represented, by a study of the Ukrainian necropolis of St. Petersburg, as most graves and tombstones are in a state of destruction and may disappear for the future without restoration. And with them the memory of our compatriots who found eternal peace in the land of North Palmira will be destroyed.
The article states that today, when Crimea is annexed and the Russian occupation of Donbass continues, it is very important to study the experience of our contemporaries - Ukrainians in Russia, who do not lose their identity in conditions of strong informational, ideological and linguistic pressure.

n transit of the identity of Ukrainian participants in hostilities in the area of anti-terrorist operation/ united forces operation. Emphasis is placed on the peculiarities of transit and the factors influencing its karakter, given the analytical categories of phenomenological constructivism of P. Berger and T. Lukman, as well as the theory of A. Schutz. Particular attention is paid to the sociological conceptualization of the phenomenon of military identity of ATO / UFO participants. The content of the concepts "post-military identity transit" and "military identity" and the ratio of the respective phenomena are analyzed.
Based on the analysis and rethinking of the ideas of A. Schutz, P. Berger and T. Lukman, as well as the identification of key factors and actors influencing the post-military identity transit of ATO / OOS participants, the phenomena of military identity and military-to-civilian transit of identity are conceptualized.
It is emphasized that the military identity is constructed in the process of communication between the participants of the interaction. It is noted that specific practices acquired as a result of participation in hostilities appear in the life of the ATO / OOS participant as hidden knowledge that is reproduced outside the military environment and becomes an effective way of constructing reality.
Such groups of ATO / OOS participants as citizens who have chosen military service as a profession have been singled out; mobilized to the ranks of the Armed Forces of Ukraine (AFU) or the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA) (6 waves of mobilization during 2014-2015); as well as volunteers who participated in battalions and other armed formations that are not part of the active army of Ukraine. The thesis is that military-to-civilian transit of the identity of the representatives of these groups will differ due to different experience of recruitment to the Armed Forces or other armed formations of Ukraine, differences in the conditions of stay in the combat area and so on.
The key factors influencing the post-military transit of the identity of combatants, constructing and reconstructing the military identity, namely: contrast of everyday life in the war zone and everyday life of peace, return to comfort, superior attitude of ATO / OOS participants to civilians, orientations, differences in perceptions of conflict, family and military fraternity. It is emphasized that the theoretical provisions, generalizations and conclusions presented in the paper, as well as the author's hypotheses can be used in further scientific and practical studies of this and related topics, as well as for developing state programs of social integration of combatants into peaceful life

У статті розглядається поточний російсько-український конфлікт із точки зору класичної теорії тріадичного зв'язку Роджерса Брубейкера. Ми протиставляємо нову політику пам'яті, освіти та мови в Україні після Євромайдану офіційній російській критиці з її широкими посиланнями на, серед іншого, нацизм та "етноцид", міжрегіональну напруженість всередині України, а також спільне "героїчне" минуле росіян і українців. На перший погляд, риторичне та політичне загострення між Україною та Росією у 2014-2019 роках виглядає як типовий тристоронній конфлікт між постколоніальною державою-націоналізатором, етнічною меншиною та її зовнішньою батьківщиною, за концептуалізацією Брубейкера. Проте на основі історичної контекстуалізації ми робимо висновок, що класична теорія тріадичного наступу може лише частково пояснити причинно- наслідкові механізми ескалації російсько-українського конфлікту.