Women have long been excluded from peace and security processes, which include disarmament, despite being disproportionately affected by weapons. Emphasizing, the role of women in peace and security processes began to gain meaning only after 2000, when the United Nations Resolution, Resolution 1325 entered into force. In order for women to participate equally in such processes, the resolution emphasizes the necessity of women's participation as agents of positive change and not as weak and powerless victims. Contributing to a society where women can live freely in harmony without being marginalized. The purpose of this paper is to explain the different roles that women have in creating security policies. Further, this paper explains the role of women in initiatives, peacekeeping and peace-building. The paper also explains the international mechanisms that promote the involvement of women in peace and security processes.
Military and police forces play a crucial role in the long-term success of political, economic and cultural rebuilding efforts in post-confl ict societies. Yet, while charged with the long-term task of providing a security environment conducive to rebuilding war-torn societies, internal security structures tend to lack civilian and democratic control, internal cohesion and effectiveness, and public credibility. They must be placed under democratic control and restructured and retrained to become an asset, not a liability, in the long-term peacebuilding process. External actors from other natio.
Examines links between the conflict in Chechnya & the Additional Protocol II of 1977 to the Geneva Conventions to illustrate the limits of international humanitarian law. Legal issues addressed at the 1974-1977 diplomatic conference are discussed & the confusing vocabulary of Protocol II is pointed out. It is maintained that international bodies have avoided stating that the Chechen conflict meets the criteria of Additional Protocol II in favor of stressing obligations under humanitarian law. Russian descriptions of the conflict emphasize the need to fight terrorism & reestablish legal order in Chechnya, as well as the high quantity/quality of Chechen fighters & armaments. Protocol II distinctions between internal armed conflict & simple riots are examined to show how governments can arbitrarily decide whether the criteria have been fulfilled. Complications arising from noncompliance with humanitarian legal obligations by the nongovernmental side in a conflict are discussed, along with government repression or amnesty when humanitarian legal conduct is violated by governmental forces; & the ease with which states/organizations spin official comments to confuse Protocol rules. J. Lindroth
Every year in the UK around 22,400 people leave the forces to return to civilian life, the majority of whom are army personnel. Resettlement is a process for all the family, be they immediate or extended members. People rather than places represent 'home'. In the coming three years, the Government plans to reduce the overall size of the Armed Forces. For the army it is estimated that personnel will fall from 110, 000 to 85,000, including some compulsory redundancies. These unprecedented changes within an uncertain economic climate, combined with on-going concern over service in various zones of conflict, will place pressure on families. In short, the coming years herald major changes for the services as a whole, not least for the many families in transition from service to civilian life. This briefing paper reports on the outcomes of a range of activities undertaken with a number of veterans, veterans' families, and third and public sector organisations located in Scotland. Our aim was to explore the resettlement experiences of veterans and their families. This work culminated in a workshop with over 30 veterans in June 2011, organised in conjunction with Veterans' Scotland. Participants represented a diverse range of veterans of all ages, services, jobs and experiences, including those who served in conflict and peacekeeping zones from Malaya to the Balkans, the Falklands, Northern Ireland, Iraq and Afghanistan sometime between 1950 to 2010. Some participants had been deployed to a zone of conflict and experienced battle or guerrilla and civil conflicts. Others served in technical and logistical jobs in specialist trades and jobs.
Operations under the auspices of the Security Council mandate span over 70 years. Repeatedly involved in resolving armed conflicts, they have made a significant contribution to ensuring security and stability around the world. In practice, they have taken the form of operations by individual states, coalitions, other international organizations or simply as United Nations missions composed of contingents provided by Troop Contribution Countries (TCC). While operations under the auspices of the United Nations have been involved on several occasions in offensive activities under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, and the question of responsibility for these actions has been the subject of many legal analyses and judgments, missions organized by the United Nations are always recognized as neutral, and their activities as conciliatory and focused on monitoring the cessation of hostilities, or supervising the disengagement between the parties of the conflict, with the use of force limited to self-defence. Thus, such operations benefited from legal protection, and any action against them was considered a violation of international law. The current engagement of United Nations goes far beyond the traditional understanding of peacekeeping operations. UN missions are frequently authorized to employ all necessary means, up to and including the use of lethal force or even neutralization of the armed group. This creates a situation where in the light of International Humanitarian Law, such actions can be recognized as involvement in armed conflict. This article is intended to show the problems that the international community will soon face to in using United Nations' missions as an instrument for resolving armed conflicts and as a tool for restoring peace and providing stability and securityin the area of operations. It presents the processes of decision-making and subordination, which in some circumstances might result in the United Nations missions being deprived of legal protection and, in addition, made liable for non-compliance with the provisions of International Humanitarian Law. ; Operations under the auspices of the Security Council mandate span over 70 years. Repeatedly involved in resolving armed conflicts, they have made a significant contribution to ensuring security and stability around the world. In practice, they have taken the form of operations by individual states, coalitions, other international organizations or simply as United Nations missions composed of contingents provided by Troop Contribution Countries (TCC). While operations under the auspices of the United Nations have been involved on several occasions in offensive activities under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, and the question of responsibility for these actions has been the subject of many legal analyses and judgments, missions organized by the United Nations are always recognized as neutral, and their activities as conciliatory and focused on monitoring the cessation of hostilities, or supervising the disengagement between the parties of the conflict, with the use of force limited to self-defence. Thus, such operations benefited from legal protection, and any action against them was considered a violation of international law. The current engagement of United Nations goes far beyond the traditional understanding of peacekeeping operations. UN missions are frequently authorized to employ all necessary means, up to and including the use of lethal force or even neutralization of the armed group. This creates a situation where in the light of International Humanitarian Law, such actions can be recognized as involvement in armed conflict. This article is intended to show the problems that the international community will soon face to in using United Nations' missions as an instrument for resolving armed conflicts and as a tool for restoring peace and providing stability and securityin the area of operations. It presents the processes of decision-making and subordination, which in some circumstances might result in the United Nations missions being deprived of legal protection and, in addition, made liable for non-compliance with the provisions of International Humanitarian Law.
Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the state of development of the problems of methodical provision of training of national personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine for participation in international peace support operations.Purpose. Substantiation of methodical recommendations on the use of modern pedagogical approaches and technologies in the process of preparation of national personnel.Methods. Methods, induction, deduction, classification, systematization and comparative analysis of theoretical sources on the problem of professional training of military specialists.Results. The professional, psychological and pedagogical and socio-cultural peculiarities of peacekeeping activity of servicemen are determined. On their basis, the specific principles of the organization of the educational process for the training of military specialists for participation in international peace and security operations are identified, namely: integration of professional, psychological and pedagogical, foreign language and communicative training; a combination of traditional and innovative teaching methods; contextual education; taking into account the socio-cultural environment of the tasks. The methodical recommendations of training of national personnel on the basis of the model of contextual education are substantiated.Originality. The novelty of the results of the study is to apply a contextual approach to the development of a methodology for training national staff. Context learning enables to implement a dynamic model of movement from the educational (using traditional methods, such as lectures, seminars) through quasi-professional (game techniques) and vocational (practice, internship, etc.) to professional peacekeeping activities.Conclusion. The process of training national staff should be based on specific principles (integration of professional, psycho-pedagogical, foreign-language and communicative preparation, the combination of traditional and innovative teaching methods, contextual learning, taking into account the socio-cultural environment of the tasks), which stem from the regularities of peacekeeping activity.The methodical basis for training national staff can be a model of contextual education, which is implemented through the systematic use of the conflict context to which the personnel will be involved, the gradual saturation of the educational process with elements of modern international peace and security operations.The prospects for further research are seen in the substantiation of the pedagogical conditions for the implementation of the methodology of training national personnel based on the model of contextual learning. ; Статья посвящена исследованию состояния разработанности проблематики методического обеспечения подготовки национального персонала Вооруженных Сил Украины к участию в международных операциях по поддержанию мира и безопасности. Определены профессиональные, психолого-педагогические и социокультурные особенности миротворческой деятельности военнослужащих. На их основе определены специфические принципы организации образовательного процесса подготовки военных специалистов к участию в международных операциях по поддержанию мира и безопасности, а именно: интеграции профессиональной, психолого-педагогической, иноязычно-коммуникативной подготовки; сочетание традиционных и инновационных методов обучения; контекстного обучения; учета социокультурной среды выполнения заданий. Обоснованы методические рекомендации подготовки национального персонала на основе модели контекстного обучения. ; Стаття присвячена дослідженню стану розробленості проблематики методичного забезпечення підготовки національного персоналу Збройних Сил України до участі у міжнародних операціях з підтримання миру і безпеки. Визначено фахові, психолого-педагогічні та соціокультурні особливості миротворчої діяльності військовослужбовців. На їх основі визначено специфічні принципи організації освітнього процесу підготовки військових фахівців до участі у міжнародних операціях з підтримання миру і безпеки, а саме: інтеграції фахової, психолого-педагогічної, іншомовно-комунікативної підготовки; поєднання традиційних та інноваційних методів навчання; контекстного навчання; врахування соціокультурного середовища виконання завдань. Обґрунтовано методичні рекомендації підготовки національного персоналу на основі моделі контекстного навчання.
Стаття присвячена дослідженню стану розробленості проблематики методичного забезпечення підготовки національного персоналу Збройних Сил України до участі у міжнародних операціях з підтримання миру і безпеки. Визначено фахові, психолого-педагогічні та соціокультурні особливості миротворчої діяльності військовослужбовців. На їх основі визначено специфічні принципи організації освітнього процесу підготовки військових фахівців до участі у міжнародних операціях з підтримання миру і безпеки, а саме: інтеграції фахової, психолого-педагогічної, іншомовно-комунікативної підготовки; поєднання традиційних та інноваційних методів навчання; контекстного навчання; врахування соціокультурного середовища виконання завдань. Обґрунтовано методичні рекомендації підготовки національного персоналу на основі моделі контекстного навчання. ; Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the state of development of the problems of methodical provision of training of national personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine for participation in international peace support operations.Purpose. Substantiation of methodical recommendations on the use of modern pedagogical approaches and technologies in the process of preparation of national personnel.Methods. Methods, induction, deduction, classification, systematization and comparative analysis of theoretical sources on the problem of professional training of military specialists.Results. The professional, psychological and pedagogical and socio-cultural peculiarities of peacekeeping activity of servicemen are determined. On their basis, the specific principles of the organization of the educational process for the training of military specialists for participation in international peace and security operations are identified, namely: integration of professional, psychological and pedagogical, foreign language and communicative training; a combination of traditional and innovative teaching methods; contextual education; taking into account the socio-cultural environment of the tasks. The methodical recommendations of training of national personnel on the basis of the model of contextual education are substantiated.Originality. The novelty of the results of the study is to apply a contextual approach to the development of a methodology for training national staff. Context learning enables to implement a dynamic model of movement from the educational (using traditional methods, such as lectures, seminars) through quasi-professional (game techniques) and vocational (practice, internship, etc.) to professional peacekeeping activities.Conclusion. The process of training national staff should be based on specific principles (integration of professional, psycho-pedagogical, foreign-language and communicative preparation, the combination of traditional and innovative teaching methods, contextual learning, taking into account the socio-cultural environment of the tasks), which stem from the regularities of peacekeeping activity.The methodical basis for training national staff can be a model of contextual education, which is implemented through the systematic use of the conflict context to which the personnel will be involved, the gradual saturation of the educational process with elements of modern international peace and security operations.The prospects for further research are seen in the substantiation of the pedagogical conditions for the implementation of the methodology of training national personnel based on the model of contextual learning. ; Статья посвящена исследованию состояния разработанности проблематики методического обеспечения подготовки национального персонала Вооруженных Сил Украины к участию в международных операциях по поддержанию мира и безопасности. Определены профессиональные, психолого-педагогические и социокультурные особенности миротворческой деятельности военнослужащих. На их основе определены специфические принципы организации образовательного процесса подготовки военных специалистов к участию в международных операциях по поддержанию мира и безопасности, а именно: интеграции профессиональной, психолого-педагогической, иноязычно-коммуникативной подготовки; сочетание традиционных и инновационных методов обучения; контекстного обучения; учета социокультурной среды выполнения заданий. Обоснованы методические рекомендации подготовки национального персонала на основе модели контекстного обучения.
The debate on the UN's possible use of drones for peacekeeping took a turn in 2013 when the Security Council granted the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) permission to contract surveillance drones for MONUSCO, its peacekeeping mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).This article examines what drone capability may entail for UN peacekeeping missions. We find that surveillance drones can help missions acquire better information and improve the situational awareness of its troops, as well as inform decision-making by leadership, police, and civilian components of the mission. We see a significant potential in the use of surveillance drones to improve efforts to protect civilians, increase UN troops' situational awareness, and improve access to vulnerable populations in high-risk theaters. The use of drones can dramatically improve information-gathering capacities in proximity to populations at risk, thereby strengthening the ability of peacekeepers to monitor and respond to human rights abuses as well as violations of international humanitarian law (IHL). Drones may also enable peacekeepers to maintain stealth surveillance of potential spoilers, including arms smugglers and embargo breakers. They could additionally improve UN forces' own targeting practices, further contributing to the protection of civilians (PoC). Furthermore, we emphasize how drone capability significantly increases peacekeepers' precautionary obligations under IHL in targeting situations: the availability of drones triggers the obligation to use them to gather information in order to avoid civilian casualties or other violations of IHL or international human rights law.There may soon come a shift among human rights groups, from being skeptical of the use of drones by UN peacekeepers to demanding that peacekeeping operations be equipped with surveillance drones for humanitarian and human rights reasons – shifting the current debate, which has focused largely on the negative impact of the use of drones, to a more balanced debate that considers more objectively what drones are and what they can be used for. Finally, the debate about armed drones looms on the horizon for the UN as well – and we outline some of the key dilemmas that the inclusion of such a capability will entail.
This paper analyzes the relationship between the Japanese Self-Defense Forces and the United Nations, through the participation of the first institution in peacekeeping operations led by the second. Thereafter, the effects of this interaction for Japanese national security are observed, in view of a possible remilitarization of the country and the maintenance of a good image of the Japanese state in the international arena.
Operations under the auspices of the Security Council mandate span over 70 years. Repeatedly involved in resolving armed conflicts, they have made a significant contribution to ensuring security and stability around the world. In practice, they have taken the form of operations by individual states, coalitions, other international organizations or simply as United Nations missions composed of contingents provided by Troop Contribution Countries (TCC). While operations under the auspices of the United Nations have been involved on several occasions in offensive activities under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, and the question of responsibility for these actions has been the subject of many legal analyses and judgments, missions organized by the United Nations are always recognized as neutral, and their activities as conciliatory and focused on monitoring the cessation of hostilities, or supervising the disengagement between the parties of the conflict, with the use of force limited to self-defence. Thus, such operations benefited from legal protection, and any action against them was considered a violation of international law. The current engagement of United Nations goes far beyond the traditional understanding of peacekeeping operations. UN missions are frequently authorized to employ all necessary means, up to and including the use of lethal force or even neutralization of the armed group. This creates a situation where in the light of International Humanitarian Law, such actions can be recognized as involvement in armed conflict. This article is intended to show the problems that the international community will soon face to in using United Nations' missions as an instrument for resolving armed conflicts and as a tool for restoring peace and providing stability and securityin the area of operations. It presents the processes of decision-making and subordination, which in some circumstances might result in the United Nations missions being deprived of legal protection and, in addition, made liable for non-compliance with the provisions of International Humanitarian Law.
