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This paper studies the impact of majority voting on interregional competition for firms. We model the competition as a first-price sealed bid auction under full information between two regions inhabited by low- and high-skilled individuals. The firm's location causes an increase in wages for the high-skilled. A region's bid is determined by the median voter's preference. We derive two results. First, the location decision may be inefficient because the firm may not locate in the region that benefits most. Second, if regional differences are sufficiently small and the median voter of the successful region is high-skilled, the winning region suffers a loss of aggregated income as subsidies exceed the surplus created by a firm's location. This implies that restricting inter-regional competition for firms, e.g. banning subsidies, may prevent inefficient location decisions.

Spatial order of a region include purpose of structure and interrelatedness of spatial order which as a unity of development mechanism. Spatial order can't be part from law basic that is UUD'45 and GBHN, in order to the management can be integrated and keep the environment. Spatial order also take note of physical factor and non physical factor. Physical factor consist of soil, water, flora, and fauna. Non physical factors consist of environment, social, economic, and soon. The principle of arrangement of spatial order in a region include national region, regional and local, and a region as an administrative baoundary, that is local government authority, like province, district, subdistrict, and village. The effort for spatial ordering of the environment, for example ordering resource, arrangement of allocation and location, arrangement of environmental aesthetic and arrangement of environmental quality.

AbstractIf one interprets China's sizable rise in Latin America as an unprecedented phenomenon, it follows that the concurrent story of declining U.S. influence in the region is an event hastily acknowledged at best and ignored at worst. In this article, we ask whether Chinese economic statecraft in Latin America is related to the declining U.S. hegemonic influence in the region and explore how. To do so we analyze foreign direct investments, bank loans, and international trade from 2003 to 2014, when China became a major player in the region. We use data from 21 Latin American countries, and find that an inversely proportional relationship exists between the investments made by Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs), bank loans, manufacturing exports, and the U.S. hegemonic influence exerted in the region. In other words, Beijing has filled the void left by a diminished U.S. presence in the latter's own backyard.

"We examine the effects of Eastern and Northern enlargement of the EU on regional business-cycle synchronization and sector specialization. Difference-in-difference estimates show that cyclical synchronicity decreased and differences in sector structure increased in acceding region-pairs after Eastern enlargement. For Northern enlargement, results are more ambiguous. Moreover, in both enlargement episodes, region-pairs with highly synchronous business cycles before accession experienced weaker cyclical and structural convergence than region-pairs with less synchronous cycles. Likewise, region-pairs with more similar sector structures before accession experienced stronger divergence (or weaker convergence) of structural similarity and business-cycle synchronicity after the enlargement. We argue that these results call for developing more differentiated hypotheses on EU enlargement's effects on business-cycle synchronization and sector specialization." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

Today, the region North-East India has been witnessing increasing movements for autonomy in one form or the other. The movements across the region have varied nature. Some of the movements are for Autonomous District Council status while the others are for a separate political entity, the so-called Union Territory or State within the Indian Union.The crux of these movements had its origin in the provisions contained in Article 3 as well as the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution of India. In one way, these provisions licensed the different ethnic groups, both tribal and non-tribal, living in the Region to embark on the politics of regionalism and autonomy as a part of their political gimmicks. This Paper shall analyse the different aspects of the movements now surfacing in the Region as a whole and will suggest its remedies too.

В статье затрагиваются актуальные вопросы региональных го- сударственных закупок на современном этапе развития. Приводятся фактологиче- ские и статистические данные по субъекту РФ – Курской области, отражаю- щие состояние проблемы. В статье используются ведомственные данные ко- митета по экономике и развитию Курской области, департамента финансово- бюджетного контроля Курской области, территориального Управления Феде- ральной службы финансово-бюджетного надзора в Курской области. ; In article topical issues of regional government procurements at the present stage of development are raised. Factual and statistical data on the territorial subject of the Russian Federation – Kursk region, the problems reflecting a state are provided. In article departmental data of committee on economy and development of Kursk region, department of the financial and budgetary control of Kursk region, territorial administration of Federal Service for Financial and Budgetary Supervision in Kursk region are used.

В статье рассматривается развитие политико-исторического сотрудничества Омской области Российской Федерации с приграничными регионами Республики Казахстан. Приграничное сотрудничество Омского региона с областями Казахстана в настоящее время является одной из значимых сфер международного взаимодействия двух государств. Кроме того, указан аспект приграничного сотрудничества, как векторного фактора, задающего ускорение экономико-политическому сотрудничеству в обоюдных интересах государств. ; Development of a political and historical cooperation between Omsk region and the border regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan are considered in the article. At present time the border cooperation between Omsk region and the border regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan is a significant sphere of the international collaboration of the both states. Moreover, an aspect of the border cooperation as the vector factor providing acceleration of the economic and political collaboration in the mutual interests of the counties is pointed at.

In this paper, basic and augmented gravity model has been applied to estimate India's trade potential with Central Asian States. Panel data for the period 2000-2012 is employed in the analysis. The coefficients obtained from the gravity equations are then used to predict trade potentials between the regions. Results reveal that India's trade potential is tremendous with this region, and currently there are few geo-political issues that hinder the pathways of trade between the two regions. Specifically, the political tensions in neighbouring countries, particularly Pakistan and Afghanistan, are the major hindrances. In this context, therefore, both regions should look at ways and means to further improve their trade relations. Revival of historical and cultural links between India and Central Asian republics may prove positive in boosting bilateral trade. Adapted from the source document.

The analysis and definition of economic regions at the sub-provincial scale is a neglected policy issue in Canada notwithstanding the severity and persistence of disparities in regional growth. Employment growth in the 30 Economic Regions (ERs) of Western Canada 2001–2006 is partitioned into region and industry-mix effects and the resulting regional typology identified. Western Canada became a single development-region in 1988, a quarter of a century ago, with a single policy focus of diversifying its industry-mix. However, its ERs display great diversity in their economic structure and growth rates and they have experienced both the highest and the lowest employment growth rates in Canada. Regional diversity creates policy quandaries that require development policies crafted to individual regional opportunities and needs in place of the one-size-fits-all approach of Western Economic Diversification Canada.

The emergence of militancy in the Niger Delta region led to problems of insecurity, pipeline vandalisation, disruption of oil output and revenues to the Nigerian government. Against this background the Federal Government initiated an Amnesty programme in 2009. The highly descriptive nature of the study necessitated the adoption of extensive desk research. This study examines critically the pre and post amnesty situation in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The findings show that the Amnesty extended to the militants in the area was one of the necessary steps towards resolving the restiveness in the region. In it we recommended that, it is important for government to look beyond the amnesty to address the key issues of underdevelopment (such as widespread poverty, high level of unemployment and lack of basic infrastructure and amenities and environmental degradation) in the region. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n6p421

Die Gemeinschaftsaufgabe Verbesserung der regionalen Wirtschaftsstruktur (GRW) ist das zentrale wirtschaftspolitische Instrument zur Förderung entwicklungsschwacher Regionen in Deutschland seit Ende der 1960er Jahre. Seit der deutschen Wiedervereinigung kommt es zudem flächendeckend in den neuen Bundesländern zur Förderung der privaten Investitionstätigkeit und wirtschaftsnahen Infrastruktur zum Einsatz. In dieser Untersuchung wird der Einfluss der GRW-Förderung auf das Produktivitätswachstum der 225 deutschen Arbeitsmarktregionen im Zeitraum von 1994 bis 2006 empirisch untersucht. Ausgangspunkt ist eine neoklassisch motivierte Konvergenzgleichung. Die Schätzergebnisse zeigen für verschiedene Modellspezifikationen einen signifikant positiven Einfluss der Förderung auf das Produktivitätswachstum der geförderten Arbeitsmarktregionen. Es wird gezeigt, dass sich die Konvergenzgeschwindigkeit für Regionen deutlich unterhalb ihres steady state nahezu verdoppelt. Um die Robustheit der Ergebnisse zu überprüfen, wird das klassische ökonometrische Modell schließlich um räumliche Komponenten erweitert. Sowohl für das Spatial Durbin- und auch das Spatial Durbin Error-Modell ergeben sich negative Spillovereffekte der GRWFörderung. Dieser indirekte Effekt bleibt stabil, wenn räumliche Lags weiterer erklärender Variablen in die Schätzgleichung aufgenommen werden. Er kann u.a. damit erklärt werden, dass die geförderte Region im Standortvergleich attraktiver wird und somit - wie politisch gewollt - Investitionen aus anderen Regionen abzieht. Im Resultat führen die negativen räumlichen Spillover-Effekte zu einer Verlangsamung der Konvergenzgeschwindigkeit, allerdings bleibt der Gesamteffekt der GRW-Förderung weiterhin positiv.

Almost all models of the (New) Economic Geography have focused on interregional transportation costs to understand industrial location, considering regions as dots without intraregional transportation costs. We introduce a distinction between interregional and intraregional transportation costs. This allows assessing more precisely the effects of different types of transport policies. Focusing on two regions (a core and a periphery), we show that improving the quality of the interregional infrastructure, or of the intraregional infrastructure in the core region, leads to an increased concentration of activity in the core region. However, if we reduce intraregional transportation costs in the periphery, some firms transfer from the core to the periphery. From an efficiency point of view, we observe that, in absence of regulation, the concentration of firms is too high in the center. We show what set of policies improves the equilibrium.

Almost all models of the (New) Economic Geography have focused on interregional transportation costs to understand industrial location, considering regions as dots without intraregional transportation costs. We introduce a distinction between interregional and intraregional transportation costs. This allows assessing more precisely the effects of different types of transport policies. Focusing on two regions (a core and a periphery), we show that improving the quality of the interregional infrastructure, or of the intraregional infrastructure in the core region, leads to an increased concentration of activity in the core region. However, if we reduce intraregional transportation costs in the periphery, some firms transfer from the core to the periphery. From an efficiency point of view, we observe that, in absence of regulation, the concentration of firms is too high in the center. We show what set of policies improves the equilibrium.

Almost all models of the (New) Economic Geography have focused on interregional transportation costs to understand industrial location, considering regions as dots without intraregional transportation costs. We introduce a distinction between interregional and intraregional transportation costs. This allows assessing more precisely the effects of different types of transport policies. Focusing on two regions (a core and a periphery), we show that improving the quality of the interregional infrastructure, or of the intraregional infrastructure in the core region, leads to an increased concentration of activity in the core region. However, if we reduce intraregional transportation costs in the periphery, some firms transfer from the core to the periphery. From an efficiency point of view, we observe that, in absence of regulation, the concentration of firms is too high in the center. We show what set of policies improves the equilibrium.

"Die Gemeinschaftsaufgabe 'Verbesserung der regionalen Wirtschaftsstruktur' (GRW) ist das zentrale wirtschaftspolitische Instrument zur Förderung entwicklungsschwacher Regionen in Deutschland seit Ende der 1960er Jahre. Seit der deutschen Wiedervereinigung kommt es zudem flächendeckend in den neuen Bundesländern zur Förderung der privaten Investitionstätigkeit und wirtschaftsnahen Infrastruktur zum Einsatz. In dieser Untersuchung wird der Einfluss der GRW-Förderung auf das Produktivitätswachstum der 225 deutschen Arbeitsmarktregionen im Zeitraum von 1994 bis 2006 empirisch untersucht. Ausgangspunkt ist eine neoklassisch motivierte Konvergenzgleichung. Die Schätzergebnisse zeigen für verschiedene Modellspezifikationen einen signifikant positiven Einfluss der Förderung auf das Produktivitätswachstum der geförderten Arbeitsmarktregionen. Es wird gezeigt, dass sich die Konvergenzgeschwindigkeit für Regionen deutlich unterhalb ihres Steady State nahezu verdoppelt. Um die Robustheit der Ergebnisse zu überprüfen, wird das klassische ökonometrische Modell schließlich um 'räumliche' Komponenten erweitert. Sowohl für das Spatial Durbin und auch das Spatial Durbin Error Modell ergeben sich negative Spillovereffekte der GRW-Förderung. Dieser indirekte Effekt bleibt stabil, wenn räumliche Lags weiterer erklärender Variablen in die Schätzgleichung aufgenommen werden. Er kann u.a. damit erklärt werden, dass die geförderte Region im Standortvergleich attraktiver wird und somit - wie politisch gewollt - Investitionen aus anderen Regionen 'abzieht'. Im Resultat führen die negativen räumlichen Spillover-Effekte zu einer Verlangsamung der Konvergenzgeschwindigkeit, allerdings bleibt der Gesamteffekt der GRW-Förderung weiterhin positiv." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)